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-
1
D’Alessandro U, Olaleye BO, McGuire W, Langerock P, Bennett S, Aikins MK, Thomson MC, Cham MK, Cham BA, Greenwood BM, 1995. Mortality and morbidity from malaria in Gambian children after introduction of an impregnated bednet programme. Lancet 345 :479–483.
-
2
Binka FN, Kubaje A, Adjuik M, Williams LA, Lengeler C, Maude GH, Armah GE, Kajihara B, Adiamah JH, Smith PG, 1996. Impact of permethrin impregnated bednets on child mortality in Kassena-Nankana district, Ghana: a randomized controlled trial. Trop Med Int Health 1 :147–154.
-
3
Nevill CG, Some ES, Mung’ala VO, Mutemi W, New L, Marsh K, Lengeler C, Snow RW, 1996. Insecticide-treated bednets reduce mortality and severe morbidity from malaria among children on the Kenyan coast. Trop Med Int Health 1 :139–146.
-
4
Habluetzel A, Diallo DA, Esposito F, Lamizana L, Pagnoni F, Lengeler C, Traore C, Cousens SN, 1997. Do insecticide-treated curtains reduce all-cause child mortality in Burkina Faso? Trop Med Int Health 2 :855–862.
-
5
Goodman CA, Coleman PG, Mills AJ, 1999. Cost-effectiveness of malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet 354 :378–385.
-
6
Alnwick D, 2000. Roll back malaria - what are the prospects? (Editorial). Bull World Health Organ 78 :1377.
-
7
ter Kuile FO, Terlouw DJ, Kariuki SK, Phillips-Howard PA, Mirel LB, Hawley WA, Friedman JF, Shi YP, Kolczak MS, Lal AA, Vulule JM, Nahlen BL, 2003. Impact of permethrin-treated bed nets on malaria, anemia, and growth in infants in an area of intense perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4): 68–77.
-
8
ter Kuile FO, Terlouw DJ, Phillips-Howard PA, Hawley WA, Friedman JF, Kolczak MS, Kariuki SK, Shi YP, Kwena AM, Vulule JM, Nahlen BL, 2003. Impact of permethrin-treated bed nets on malaria and all cause morbidity in young children in an area of intense perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya: Cross-sectional survey. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4): 100–107.
-
9
Phillips-Howard PA, Nahlen BL, Kolczak MS, Hightower AW, ter Kuile FO, Alaii JA, Gimnig JE, Arudo J, Vulule JM, Odacha A, Kachur SP, Schoute E, Rosen DH, Sexton JD, Oloo AJ, Hawley WA, 2003. Efficacy of permethrin-treated bed nets in the prevention of mortality in young children in an area of high perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4): 23–29.
-
10
McGregor IA, 1987. Malaria immunity: current trends and prospects. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 81 :647–656.
-
11
Bloland PB, Boriga DA, Ruebush TK, McCormick JM, Roberts JM, Oloo AJ, Hawley W, Lal A, Nahlen B, Campbell CC, 1999. Longitudinal cohort study of the epidemiology of malaria infections in an area of intense malaria transmission II. Descriptive epidemiology of malaria infection and diseases among children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :641–648.
-
12
Snow RW, Nahlen B, Palmer A, Donnelly CA, Gupta S, Marsh K, 1998. Risk of severe malaria among African infants: direct evidence of clinical protection during early infancy. J Infect Dis 177 :819–822.
-
13
Miller LH, Good MF, Milon G, 1994. Malaria pathogenesis. Science 264 :1878–1883.
-
14
McElroy PD, Lal AA, Hawley WA, Bloland PB, Ter Kuile FO, Oloo AJ, Harlow SD, Ling X, Nahlen BL, 1999. Analysis of repeated hemoglobin measures in full-term, normal birth weight Kenyan children between birth and four years of age III. The Asembo Bay cohort project. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :932–940.
-
15
Marsh K, 1992. Malaria - a neglected disease? Parasitology 104 :S53–S69.
-
16
Snow RW, Marsh K, 1995. Will reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission alter mortality among African children? Parasitol Today 11 :188–190.
-
17
McElroy PD, Ter Kuile FO, Hightower AW, Hawley WA, Phillips-Howard PA, Oloo AJ, Lal AA, Nahlen BL, 2001. All-cause mortality among children in western Kenya. VI. The Asembo Bay cohort project. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64 (Suppl): 18–27.
-
18
Phillips-Howard PA, Nahlen BL, Alaii JA, ter Kuile FO, Gimnig JE, Terlouw DJ, Kachur SP, Hightower AW, Lal AA, Schoute E, Oloo AJ, Hawley WA, 2003. The efficacy of permethrin-treated bed nets on child mortality and morbidity in western Kenya. I: Development of infrastructure and description of study site. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4): 3–9.
-
19
Phillips-Howard PA, ter Kuile FO, Nahlen BL, Alaii JA, Gimnig JE, Kolczak MS, Terlouw DJ, Kariuki SK, Shi YP, Kachur SP, Hightower AW, Vulule JM, Hawley WA, 2003. The efficacy of permethrin-treated bed nets on child mortality and morbidity in western Kenya. II. Study design and methods. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4): 10–15.
-
20
Udhayakumar V, Anyona D, Kariuki S, Shi Y, Bloland PB, Branch OH, Weiss W, Nahlen BL, Kaslow DC, Lal AA, 1995. Identification of T and B cell epitopes recognized by humans in the C-terminal 42-kDa domain of the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein (MSP)-1. J Immunol 154 :6022–6030.
-
21
Shi YP, Sayed U, Qari SH, Roberts JM, Udhayakumar V, Oloo AJ, Hawley WA, Kaslow DC, Nahlen BL, Lal AA, 1996. Natural immune responses to the C-terminal 19-kilodaltons domain of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-1. Infect Immun 64 :2716–2723.
-
22
Branch OH, Udhayakumar V, Hightower AW, Oloo AJ, Hawley WA, Nahlen BL, Bloland PB, Kaslow DC, Lal AA, 1998. A longitudinal investigation of IgG and IgM antibody responses to the merozoite surface protein-1 19-kiloDalton domain of Plasmodium falciparum in pregnant women and infants: associations with febrile illness, parasitemia, and anemia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58 :211–219.
-
23
Druilhe P, Pradier O, Marc JP, Miltgen F, Mazier D, Parent G, 1986. Levels of antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite surface antigens reflect malaria transmission rates and are persistent in the absence of reinfection. Infect Immun 53 :393–397.
-
24
Webster HK, Gingrich JB, Wongsrichanalai C, Tulyayon S, Suvarnamani P, Sookto P, Permpanich B, 1992. Circumsporozoite antibody as a serologic marker of Plasmodium falciparum transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg 47 :489–497.
-
25
Snow RW, Shenton FC, Lindsay BM, Bennet S, Wheeler J, del Giudice G, Verdini AS, Pessi A, Greenwood BM, 1989. Sporozoite antibodies and malaria in children in a rural area of The Gambia. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 83 :559–568.
-
26
Genton B, Hii J, al-Yaman F, Paru R, Beck HP, Ginny M, Dagoro H, Lewis D, Alpers MP, 1994. The use of untreated bednets and malaria infection, morbidity and immunity. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 88 :263–270.
-
27
Snow RW, Molyneux CS, Warn PA, Omumbo J, Nevill CG, Gupta S, Marsh K, 1996. Infant parasite rates and immunoglobulin M seroprevalence as a measure of exposure to Plasmodium falciparum during a randomized controlled trial of insecticide-treated bednets on the Kenyan coast. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55 :144–149.
-
28
Greenwood B, 1996. What can be expected from malaria vaccines? Hoffman SL, ed. Malaria Vaccine Development: A MultiImmune Approach. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology Press, 277–301.
-
29
Branch OH, Oloo AJ, Nahlen BL, Kaslow D, Lal AA, 2000. Antimerozoite surface protein-1 19-kDa IgG in mother-infant pairs naturally exposed to Plasmodium falciparum: subclass analysis with age, exposure to asexual parasitemia, and protection against malaria. V. The Asembo Bay Cohort Project. J Infect Dis 181 :1746–1752.
-
30
Riley EM, Andersson G, Otoo LN, Jepsen S, Greenwood BM, 1988. Cellular immune responses to Plasmodium falciparum antigens in Gambian children during and after an acute attack of falciparum malaria. Clin Exp Immunol 73 :17–22.
-
31
Theander TG, Bygbjerg IC, Anderson BJ, Jepsen S, Kharazmi A, Odum N, 1986. Suppression of parasite specific response in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. A longitudinal study of blood mononuclear cell proliferation and subset composition. Scan J Immunol 24 :73–81.
-
32
Toure-Balde A, Sarthou JL, Aribot G, Michel P, Trape JF, Rogier C, Roussilhon C, 1996. Plasmodium falciparum induces apoptosis in human mononuclear cells. Infect Immun 64 :744–750.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 1248 | 1130 | 269 |
| Full Text Views | 416 | 8 | 0 |
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EFFECTS OF PERMETHRIN-TREATED BED NETS ON IMMUNITY TO MALARIA IN WESTERN KENYA II. ANTIBODY RESPONSES IN YOUNG CHILDREN IN AN AREA OF INTENSE MALARIA TRANSMISSION
SIMON K. KARIUKI
SIMON K. KARIUKI
Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine & AIDS, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Zoology Department, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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ALTAF A. LAL
ALTAF A. LAL
Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine & AIDS, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Zoology Department, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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DIANNE J. TERLOUW
DIANNE J. TERLOUW
Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine & AIDS, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Zoology Department, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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FEIKO O. TER KUILE
FEIKO O. TER KUILE
Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine & AIDS, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Zoology Department, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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JOHN M. O. ONG’ECHA
JOHN M. O. ONG’ECHA
Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine & AIDS, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Zoology Department, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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PENELOPE A. PHILLIPS-HOWARD
PENELOPE A. PHILLIPS-HOWARD
Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine & AIDS, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Zoology Department, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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ALLOYS S. S. ORAGO
ALLOYS S. S. ORAGO
Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine & AIDS, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Zoology Department, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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MARGARETTE S. KOLCZAK
MARGARETTE S. KOLCZAK
Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine & AIDS, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Zoology Department, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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WILLIAM A. HAWLEY
WILLIAM A. HAWLEY
Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine & AIDS, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Zoology Department, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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BERNARD L. NAHLEN
BERNARD L. NAHLEN
Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine & AIDS, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Zoology Department, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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YA PING SHI
YA PING SHI
Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine & AIDS, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Zoology Department, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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As part of a large community-based trial on the impact of insecticide (permethrin)-treated bed nets (ITNs) on childhood morbidity and mortality in an area of intense perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya, we assessed the effects of ITNs on malaria-specific humoral responses in young children. The IgG responses to Plasmodium falciparum pre-erythrocytic antigens circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and liver stage antigen-1 (LSA-1) and the blood stage antigen merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-119 kD) in children less than three years old were investigated during a series of cross-sectional surveys. At 14 and 22 months after the introduction of ITNs, the frequencies and levels of IgG to CSP and LSA-1 were significantly lower in children from ITN villages than in children from control villages (P < 0.001). In contrast, the prevalence of IgG to MSP-1 was significantly higher in children from ITN villages at 14 months (P = 0.0069), but not at 22 months. Our results show that decreased exposure by ITNs reduces IgG responses to pre-erythrocytic antigens, but there was no evidence that two years of ITN use compromises IgG responses to blood stage antigens in these young children in this malaria holoendemic area.
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-
1
D’Alessandro U, Olaleye BO, McGuire W, Langerock P, Bennett S, Aikins MK, Thomson MC, Cham MK, Cham BA, Greenwood BM, 1995. Mortality and morbidity from malaria in Gambian children after introduction of an impregnated bednet programme. Lancet 345 :479–483.
-
2
Binka FN, Kubaje A, Adjuik M, Williams LA, Lengeler C, Maude GH, Armah GE, Kajihara B, Adiamah JH, Smith PG, 1996. Impact of permethrin impregnated bednets on child mortality in Kassena-Nankana district, Ghana: a randomized controlled trial. Trop Med Int Health 1 :147–154.
-
3
Nevill CG, Some ES, Mung’ala VO, Mutemi W, New L, Marsh K, Lengeler C, Snow RW, 1996. Insecticide-treated bednets reduce mortality and severe morbidity from malaria among children on the Kenyan coast. Trop Med Int Health 1 :139–146.
-
4
Habluetzel A, Diallo DA, Esposito F, Lamizana L, Pagnoni F, Lengeler C, Traore C, Cousens SN, 1997. Do insecticide-treated curtains reduce all-cause child mortality in Burkina Faso? Trop Med Int Health 2 :855–862.
-
5
Goodman CA, Coleman PG, Mills AJ, 1999. Cost-effectiveness of malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet 354 :378–385.
-
6
Alnwick D, 2000. Roll back malaria - what are the prospects? (Editorial). Bull World Health Organ 78 :1377.
-
7
ter Kuile FO, Terlouw DJ, Kariuki SK, Phillips-Howard PA, Mirel LB, Hawley WA, Friedman JF, Shi YP, Kolczak MS, Lal AA, Vulule JM, Nahlen BL, 2003. Impact of permethrin-treated bed nets on malaria, anemia, and growth in infants in an area of intense perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4): 68–77.
-
8
ter Kuile FO, Terlouw DJ, Phillips-Howard PA, Hawley WA, Friedman JF, Kolczak MS, Kariuki SK, Shi YP, Kwena AM, Vulule JM, Nahlen BL, 2003. Impact of permethrin-treated bed nets on malaria and all cause morbidity in young children in an area of intense perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya: Cross-sectional survey. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4): 100–107.
-
9
Phillips-Howard PA, Nahlen BL, Kolczak MS, Hightower AW, ter Kuile FO, Alaii JA, Gimnig JE, Arudo J, Vulule JM, Odacha A, Kachur SP, Schoute E, Rosen DH, Sexton JD, Oloo AJ, Hawley WA, 2003. Efficacy of permethrin-treated bed nets in the prevention of mortality in young children in an area of high perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4): 23–29.
-
10
McGregor IA, 1987. Malaria immunity: current trends and prospects. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 81 :647–656.
-
11
Bloland PB, Boriga DA, Ruebush TK, McCormick JM, Roberts JM, Oloo AJ, Hawley W, Lal A, Nahlen B, Campbell CC, 1999. Longitudinal cohort study of the epidemiology of malaria infections in an area of intense malaria transmission II. Descriptive epidemiology of malaria infection and diseases among children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :641–648.
-
12
Snow RW, Nahlen B, Palmer A, Donnelly CA, Gupta S, Marsh K, 1998. Risk of severe malaria among African infants: direct evidence of clinical protection during early infancy. J Infect Dis 177 :819–822.
-
13
Miller LH, Good MF, Milon G, 1994. Malaria pathogenesis. Science 264 :1878–1883.
-
14
McElroy PD, Lal AA, Hawley WA, Bloland PB, Ter Kuile FO, Oloo AJ, Harlow SD, Ling X, Nahlen BL, 1999. Analysis of repeated hemoglobin measures in full-term, normal birth weight Kenyan children between birth and four years of age III. The Asembo Bay cohort project. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :932–940.
-
15
Marsh K, 1992. Malaria - a neglected disease? Parasitology 104 :S53–S69.
-
16
Snow RW, Marsh K, 1995. Will reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission alter mortality among African children? Parasitol Today 11 :188–190.
-
17
McElroy PD, Ter Kuile FO, Hightower AW, Hawley WA, Phillips-Howard PA, Oloo AJ, Lal AA, Nahlen BL, 2001. All-cause mortality among children in western Kenya. VI. The Asembo Bay cohort project. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64 (Suppl): 18–27.
-
18
Phillips-Howard PA, Nahlen BL, Alaii JA, ter Kuile FO, Gimnig JE, Terlouw DJ, Kachur SP, Hightower AW, Lal AA, Schoute E, Oloo AJ, Hawley WA, 2003. The efficacy of permethrin-treated bed nets on child mortality and morbidity in western Kenya. I: Development of infrastructure and description of study site. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4): 3–9.
-
19
Phillips-Howard PA, ter Kuile FO, Nahlen BL, Alaii JA, Gimnig JE, Kolczak MS, Terlouw DJ, Kariuki SK, Shi YP, Kachur SP, Hightower AW, Vulule JM, Hawley WA, 2003. The efficacy of permethrin-treated bed nets on child mortality and morbidity in western Kenya. II. Study design and methods. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4): 10–15.
-
20
Udhayakumar V, Anyona D, Kariuki S, Shi Y, Bloland PB, Branch OH, Weiss W, Nahlen BL, Kaslow DC, Lal AA, 1995. Identification of T and B cell epitopes recognized by humans in the C-terminal 42-kDa domain of the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein (MSP)-1. J Immunol 154 :6022–6030.
-
21
Shi YP, Sayed U, Qari SH, Roberts JM, Udhayakumar V, Oloo AJ, Hawley WA, Kaslow DC, Nahlen BL, Lal AA, 1996. Natural immune responses to the C-terminal 19-kilodaltons domain of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-1. Infect Immun 64 :2716–2723.
-
22
Branch OH, Udhayakumar V, Hightower AW, Oloo AJ, Hawley WA, Nahlen BL, Bloland PB, Kaslow DC, Lal AA, 1998. A longitudinal investigation of IgG and IgM antibody responses to the merozoite surface protein-1 19-kiloDalton domain of Plasmodium falciparum in pregnant women and infants: associations with febrile illness, parasitemia, and anemia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58 :211–219.
-
23
Druilhe P, Pradier O, Marc JP, Miltgen F, Mazier D, Parent G, 1986. Levels of antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite surface antigens reflect malaria transmission rates and are persistent in the absence of reinfection. Infect Immun 53 :393–397.
-
24
Webster HK, Gingrich JB, Wongsrichanalai C, Tulyayon S, Suvarnamani P, Sookto P, Permpanich B, 1992. Circumsporozoite antibody as a serologic marker of Plasmodium falciparum transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg 47 :489–497.
-
25
Snow RW, Shenton FC, Lindsay BM, Bennet S, Wheeler J, del Giudice G, Verdini AS, Pessi A, Greenwood BM, 1989. Sporozoite antibodies and malaria in children in a rural area of The Gambia. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 83 :559–568.
-
26
Genton B, Hii J, al-Yaman F, Paru R, Beck HP, Ginny M, Dagoro H, Lewis D, Alpers MP, 1994. The use of untreated bednets and malaria infection, morbidity and immunity. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 88 :263–270.
-
27
Snow RW, Molyneux CS, Warn PA, Omumbo J, Nevill CG, Gupta S, Marsh K, 1996. Infant parasite rates and immunoglobulin M seroprevalence as a measure of exposure to Plasmodium falciparum during a randomized controlled trial of insecticide-treated bednets on the Kenyan coast. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55 :144–149.
-
28
Greenwood B, 1996. What can be expected from malaria vaccines? Hoffman SL, ed. Malaria Vaccine Development: A MultiImmune Approach. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology Press, 277–301.
-
29
Branch OH, Oloo AJ, Nahlen BL, Kaslow D, Lal AA, 2000. Antimerozoite surface protein-1 19-kDa IgG in mother-infant pairs naturally exposed to Plasmodium falciparum: subclass analysis with age, exposure to asexual parasitemia, and protection against malaria. V. The Asembo Bay Cohort Project. J Infect Dis 181 :1746–1752.
-
30
Riley EM, Andersson G, Otoo LN, Jepsen S, Greenwood BM, 1988. Cellular immune responses to Plasmodium falciparum antigens in Gambian children during and after an acute attack of falciparum malaria. Clin Exp Immunol 73 :17–22.
-
31
Theander TG, Bygbjerg IC, Anderson BJ, Jepsen S, Kharazmi A, Odum N, 1986. Suppression of parasite specific response in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. A longitudinal study of blood mononuclear cell proliferation and subset composition. Scan J Immunol 24 :73–81.
-
32
Toure-Balde A, Sarthou JL, Aribot G, Michel P, Trape JF, Rogier C, Roussilhon C, 1996. Plasmodium falciparum induces apoptosis in human mononuclear cells. Infect Immun 64 :744–750.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1248 | 1130 | 269 |
| Full Text Views | 416 | 8 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 42 | 10 | 0 |