ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Michael E, Bundy DAP, Grenfell BT, 1996. Re-assessing the global prevalence and distribution of lymphatic filariasis. Parasitology 112 :409–428.
-
2
Weerasooriya MV, Weerasooriya TR, Gunawardena NK, Samarawickrema WA, Kimura E, 2001. Epidemiology of bancroftian filariasis in three suburban areas of Matara, Sri Lanka. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 95 :263–273.
-
3
Witt C, Ottesen EA, 2001. Lymphatic filariasis: an infection of childhood. Trop Med Int Health 6 :582–606.
-
4
Ramzy RMR, Hafez ON, Gad AM, Faris R, Harb M, Buck AA, Weil GJ, 1994. Efficient assessment of filariasis endemicity by screening for filarial antigenaemia in a sentinel population. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88 :41–44.
-
5
Mahanty S, Day KP, Alpers MP, Kazura JW, 1994. Antifilarial IgG4 antibodies in children from filaria-endemic areas correlate with duration of infection and are dissociated from antifilarial IgE antibodies. J Infect Dis 170 :1339–1343.
-
6
Chanteau S, Glaziou P, Plichart C, Luquiaud P, Moulia-Pelat JP, N’Guyen L, Cartel JL, 1995. Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis in French Polynesia: age-specific patterns of microfilaremia, circulating antigen, and specific IgG and IgG4 responses according to transmission level. Int J Parasitol 25 :81–85.
-
7
Itoh M, Weerasooriya MV, Qiu X-G, Gunawardena NK, Anantaphruti MT, Tesana S, Rattanaxay P, Fujimaki Y, Kimura E, 2001. Sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in urine samples. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :362–365.
-
8
Weerasooriya MV, Itoh M, Mudalige MPS, Qiu X-G, Kimura E, Gunawardena NK, Fujimaki Y, 2003. Human infection with Wuchereria bancrofti in Matara, Sri Lanka: the use, in parallel, of an ELISA to detect filaria-specific IgG4 in urine and of ICT card tests to detect filarial antigen in whole blood. Ann Trop Med Parasitol (in press).
-
9
Simonsen PE, Lemnge MM, Msangeni HA, Jakobsen PH, Bygbjerg IC, 1996. Bancroftian filariasis: the patterns of filarial-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG4, and circulating antigens in an endemic community of northeastern Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55 :69–75.
-
10
Hitch WL, Eberhard ML, Lammie PJ, 1997. Investigation of the influence of maternal infection with Wuchereria bancrofti on the humoral and cellular responses of neonates to filarial antigens. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 91 :461–469.
-
11
Terhell AJ, Price R, Koot JWM, Abadi K, Yazdanbakhsh M, 2000. The development of specific IgG4 and IgE in a paediatric population is influenced by filarial endemicity and gender. Parasitology 121 :535–543.
-
12
Rocha A, Addiss D, Ribeiro ME, Norões J, Baliza M, Medeiros Z, Dreyer G, 1996. Evaluation of the Og4C3 ELISA in Wuchereria bancrofti infection: infected persons with undetectable or ultra-low microfilarial densities. Trop Med Int Health 1 :859–864.
-
13
Itoh M, Weerasooriya MV, Gunawardena NK, Mudalige MPS, Samarawickrema WA, Kimura E, 1999. Wuchereria bancrofti antigenaemia in Sri Lanka. Trop Med Int Health 4 :207–210.
-
14
Pani SP, Hoti SL, Elango A, Yuvaraj J, Lall R, Ramaiah KD, 2000. Evaluation of the ICT whole blood antigen card test to detect infection due to nocturnally periodic Wuchereria bancrofti in South India. Trop Med Int Health 5 :359–363.
-
15
Lammie PJ, Reiss MD, Dimock KA, Streit TG, Roberts JM, Eberhard ML, 1998. Longitudinal analysis of the development of filarial infection and antifilarial immunity in a cohort of Haitian children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :217–221.
-
16
Weil GJ, Ramzy RMR, El Setouhy M, Kandil AM, Ahmed ES, Faris R, 1999. A longitudinal study of Bancroftian filariasis in the Nile Delta of Egypt: baseline data and one-year follow-up. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :53–58.
-
17
Meyrowitsch DW, Simonsen PE, Makunde WH, 1995. Bancroftian filariasis: analysis of infection and disease in five endemic communities of north-eastern Tanzania. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 89 :653–663.
-
18
Terhell AJ, Wahyuni S, Pryce A, Koot JWM, Abadi K, Yazdanbakhsh M, 2002. Anti-filarial and total IgG4 and IgE antibody levels are correlated in mothers and their offspring. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96 :334–339.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Full Text Views | 292 | 109 | 3 |
| PDF Downloads | 22 | 20 | 3 |
PREVALENCE AND LEVELS OF FILARIA-SPECIFIC URINARY IgG4 AMONG CHILDREN LESS THAN FIVE YEARS OF AGE AND THE ASSOCIATION OFANTIBODY POSITIVITY BETWEEN CHILDREN AND THEIR MOTHERS
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect filaria-specific urinary IgG4 was tested in samples from 203 children less than five years old and their parents (165 mothers and 127 fathers) in Sri Lanka. There were four IgG4-positive children within 58 days after birth, suggesting the transfer of the antibody from mothers. No positive children were found between days 65 and 417. After day 1,000, the number of the positive individuals and the level of IgG4 increased quickly. The children of urinary IgG4-positive parents showed a higher IgG4 positive rate than those of negative parents. The children of positive mothers had a higher prevalence than those of negative mothers, whereas, the positivity of the fathers was not associated with that of their children. Collecting urine samples was easy to perform and well accepted because of its non-invasiveness. The ELISA will be useful for monitoring filarial infections in very young children, who are a sentinel population for evaluating the intensity of filariasis transmission and effectiveness of control measures.