Dabo A, Durand P, Morand S, Diakite M, Langand J, Imbert-Establet D, Doumbo O, Jourdane J, 1997. Distribution and genetic diversity of Schistosoma haematobium within its bulinid intermediate hosts in Mali. Acta Trop 66 :15–26.
Shiff C, Brouwer KC, Clow L, 2000. Schistosoma haematobium: population genetics of S. haematobium by direct measurement of parasite diversity using RAPD-PCR. Exp Parasitol 96 :47–51.
Davies CM, Webster JP, Kruger O, Munatsi A, Ndamba J, Woolhouse ME, 1999. Host-parasite population genetics: a cross-sectional comparison of Bulinus globosus and Schistosoma haematobium.Parasitology 119 :295–302.
Brouwer KC, Ndhlovu P, Munatsi A, Shiff CJ, 2001. Genetic diversity of a population of Schistosoma haematobium derived from schoolchildren in east central Zimbabwe. J Parasitol 87 :762–769.
Brouwer KC, Ndhlovu P, Wagatsuma Y, Munatsi A, Shiff CJ, 2003. Epidemiological assessment of Schistosoma haematobium induced kidney and bladder pathology in rural Zimbabwe. Acta Trop 85 :339–347.
Taylor P, Makura O, 1985. Prevalence and distribution of schistosomiasis in Zimbabwe. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 79 :287–299.
Ndhlovu P, Cadman H, Gundersen S, Vennervald BJ, Friis H, Christensen NO, Mutasa G, Kaondera K, Mandaza G, Deelder AM, 1996. Circulating anodic antigen (CAA) levels in different age groups in a Zimbabwean rural community endemic for Schistosoma haematobium determined using the magnetic beads antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunoassay. Am J Trop Med Hyg 54 :537–542.
Katz N, Chaves A, Pellegrino J, 1972. A simple device for quantitative stool thick-smear technique in Schistosomiasis mansoni. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 14 :397–400.
Mott KE, Baltes R, Bambagha J, Baldassini B, 1982. Field studies of a reusable polyamide filter for detection of Schistosoma haematobium eggs by urine filtration. Trop Med Parasitol 33 :227–228.
Weber MD, Blair DM, Clarke V deV, 1967. The pattern of schistosome egg distribution in a micturition flow. Cent Afr J Med 13 :75–88.
WHO/TDR, 1996. Ultrasound in Schistosomiasis. International Workshop on the Use of Ultrasonography in Relation to Schistosomiasis. Niamey, Niger: CERMES.
Swofford DL, Selander RB, Black WC, 1997. BIOSYS-2: A Computer Program for the Analysis of Allelic Variation in Genetics. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois and Fort Collins, CO: Colorado State University.
Black WC, 1998. FORTRAN Programs for the Analysis of RAPD-PCR Markers in Populations. Fort Collins, CO: Colorado State University.
Excoffier L, Smouse PE, Quattro JM, 1992. Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics 131 :479–491.
Apostol BL, Black WC, Miller BR, Reiter P, Beaty BJ, 1993. Estimation of the number of full sibling families at an oviposition site using RAPD-PCR markers: applications to the mosquito Aedes aegypti.Theor Appl Genet 86 :991–1000.
Subramanian AK, Mungai P, Ouma JH, Magak P, King CH, Mahmoud AA, King CL, 1999. Long-term suppression of adult bladder morbidity and severe hydronephrosis following selective population chemotherapy for Schistosoma haematobium.Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :476–481.
Wagatsuma Y, Aryeetey ME, Sack DA, Morrow RH, Hatz C, Kojima S, 1999. Resolution and resurgence of Schistosoma haematobium-induced pathology after community-based chemotherapy in Ghana, as detected by ultrasound. J Infect Dis 179 :1515–1522.
Mostafa MH, Sheweita SA, O’Connor PJ, 1999. Relationship between schistosomiasis and bladder cancer. Clin Microbiol Rev 12 :97–111.
Vizcaino AP, Parkin DM, Boffetta P, Skinner ME, 1994. Bladder cancer: epidemiology and risk factors in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Cancer Causes Control 5 :517–522.
Thomas JE, Bassett MT, Sigola LB, Taylor P, 1990. Relationship between bladder cancer incidence, Schistosoma haematobium infection, and geographical region in Zimbabwe. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 84 :551–553.
Pugh RN, Bell DR, Gilles HM, 1980. Malumfashi Endemic Diseases Research Project, XV. The potential medical importance of bilharzia in northern Nigeria: a suggested rapid, cheap and effective solution for control of Schistosoma haematobium infection. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 74 :597–613.
Elem B, Vandal MT, 1981. Bilharziasis of the urinary tract in Zambia. (Observation on 100 consecutive cases). Med J Zambia 15 :48–51.
Chisty MM, Nargis M, Sato H, Inaba T, Takahashi G, Kamiya H, 2002. Schistosoma mansoni: kinetics of glomerulonephritis in Mongolian gerbils and its correlation with intensity and duration of infection. Parasite 9 :143–151.
Hurst MH, Willingham AL, Lindberg R, 2002. Experimental schistosomiasis japonica in the pig: immunohistology of the hepatic egg granuloma. Parasite Immunol 24 :151–159.
Qian BZ, Bogh HO, Johansen MV, Wang PP, 2000. Congenital transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in the rabbit. J Helminthol 74 :267–270.
Houba V, 1979. Experimental renal disease due to schistosomiasis. Kidney Int 16 :30–43.
Cheever AW, Kuntz RE, Moore JA, Bryan GT, Brown RR, 1976. Animal model of human disease: carcinoma of the urinary bladder in Schistosoma haematobium infection. Am J Pathol 84 :673–676.
Sobh MA, Moustafa FE, Ramzy RM, Deelder AM, Ghoneim MA, 1991. Schistosoma haematobium-induced glomerular disease: an experimental study in the golden hamster. Nephron 57 :216–224.
Smith T, Beck HP, Kitua A, Mwankusye S, Felger I, Fraser-Hurt N, Irion A, Alonso P, Teuscher T, Tanner M, 1999. Age dependence of the multiplicity of Plasmodium falciparum infections and of other malariological indices in an area of high endemicity. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93 :15–20.
Roper C, Richardson W, Elhassan IM, Giha H, Hviid L, Satti GM, Theander TG, Arnot DE, 1998. Seasonal changes in the Plasmodium falciparum population in individuals and their relationship to clinical malaria: a longitudinal study in a Sudanese village. Parasitology 116 :501–510.
Webbe G, James C, 1971. A comparison of two geographical strains of Schistosoma haematobium.J Helminthol 45 :271–284.
Thiongo FW, Madsen H, Ouma JH, Andreassen J, Christensen NO, 1997. Host-parasite relationships in infections with two Kenyan isolates of Schistosoma mansoni in NMRI mice. J Parasitol 83 :330–332.
Fulford AJ, Mbugua GG, Ouma JH, Kariuki HC, Sturrock RF, Butterworth AE, 1991. Differences in the rate of hepatosplenomegaly due to Schistosoma mansoni infection between two areas in Machakos District, Kenya. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 85 :481–488.
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Disease outcome in persons infected with Schistosoma haematobium varies dramatically, ranging from mild symptoms to severe damage of the kidneys and/or bladder. We used ultrasonography to characterize the extent of urinary tract pathology of infected children in Zimbabwe, and random genetic markers to examine the relationship between genetic diversity of S. haematobium and clinical outcome. One hundred thirty-three parasite isolates from 12 students with mild lesions and 13 with severe lesions were compared. Using four randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, we scored parasite allelic frequencies at 53 loci. Although parasite heterogeneity did not differ, allelic frequencies at eight loci differed significantly between the mild and severe groups. Parasite isolates were analyzed further using a modified cluster analysis that segregated the population into 13 clusters of associated genotypes. Three clusters were significantly over-represented in children with severe lesions. Our findings, although preliminary, suggest that parasite genetic associations may be important in clinical outcome.
Dabo A, Durand P, Morand S, Diakite M, Langand J, Imbert-Establet D, Doumbo O, Jourdane J, 1997. Distribution and genetic diversity of Schistosoma haematobium within its bulinid intermediate hosts in Mali. Acta Trop 66 :15–26.
Shiff C, Brouwer KC, Clow L, 2000. Schistosoma haematobium: population genetics of S. haematobium by direct measurement of parasite diversity using RAPD-PCR. Exp Parasitol 96 :47–51.
Davies CM, Webster JP, Kruger O, Munatsi A, Ndamba J, Woolhouse ME, 1999. Host-parasite population genetics: a cross-sectional comparison of Bulinus globosus and Schistosoma haematobium.Parasitology 119 :295–302.
Brouwer KC, Ndhlovu P, Munatsi A, Shiff CJ, 2001. Genetic diversity of a population of Schistosoma haematobium derived from schoolchildren in east central Zimbabwe. J Parasitol 87 :762–769.
Brouwer KC, Ndhlovu P, Wagatsuma Y, Munatsi A, Shiff CJ, 2003. Epidemiological assessment of Schistosoma haematobium induced kidney and bladder pathology in rural Zimbabwe. Acta Trop 85 :339–347.
Taylor P, Makura O, 1985. Prevalence and distribution of schistosomiasis in Zimbabwe. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 79 :287–299.
Ndhlovu P, Cadman H, Gundersen S, Vennervald BJ, Friis H, Christensen NO, Mutasa G, Kaondera K, Mandaza G, Deelder AM, 1996. Circulating anodic antigen (CAA) levels in different age groups in a Zimbabwean rural community endemic for Schistosoma haematobium determined using the magnetic beads antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunoassay. Am J Trop Med Hyg 54 :537–542.
Katz N, Chaves A, Pellegrino J, 1972. A simple device for quantitative stool thick-smear technique in Schistosomiasis mansoni. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 14 :397–400.
Mott KE, Baltes R, Bambagha J, Baldassini B, 1982. Field studies of a reusable polyamide filter for detection of Schistosoma haematobium eggs by urine filtration. Trop Med Parasitol 33 :227–228.
Weber MD, Blair DM, Clarke V deV, 1967. The pattern of schistosome egg distribution in a micturition flow. Cent Afr J Med 13 :75–88.
WHO/TDR, 1996. Ultrasound in Schistosomiasis. International Workshop on the Use of Ultrasonography in Relation to Schistosomiasis. Niamey, Niger: CERMES.
Swofford DL, Selander RB, Black WC, 1997. BIOSYS-2: A Computer Program for the Analysis of Allelic Variation in Genetics. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois and Fort Collins, CO: Colorado State University.
Black WC, 1998. FORTRAN Programs for the Analysis of RAPD-PCR Markers in Populations. Fort Collins, CO: Colorado State University.
Excoffier L, Smouse PE, Quattro JM, 1992. Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics 131 :479–491.
Apostol BL, Black WC, Miller BR, Reiter P, Beaty BJ, 1993. Estimation of the number of full sibling families at an oviposition site using RAPD-PCR markers: applications to the mosquito Aedes aegypti.Theor Appl Genet 86 :991–1000.
Subramanian AK, Mungai P, Ouma JH, Magak P, King CH, Mahmoud AA, King CL, 1999. Long-term suppression of adult bladder morbidity and severe hydronephrosis following selective population chemotherapy for Schistosoma haematobium.Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :476–481.
Wagatsuma Y, Aryeetey ME, Sack DA, Morrow RH, Hatz C, Kojima S, 1999. Resolution and resurgence of Schistosoma haematobium-induced pathology after community-based chemotherapy in Ghana, as detected by ultrasound. J Infect Dis 179 :1515–1522.
Mostafa MH, Sheweita SA, O’Connor PJ, 1999. Relationship between schistosomiasis and bladder cancer. Clin Microbiol Rev 12 :97–111.
Vizcaino AP, Parkin DM, Boffetta P, Skinner ME, 1994. Bladder cancer: epidemiology and risk factors in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Cancer Causes Control 5 :517–522.
Thomas JE, Bassett MT, Sigola LB, Taylor P, 1990. Relationship between bladder cancer incidence, Schistosoma haematobium infection, and geographical region in Zimbabwe. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 84 :551–553.
Pugh RN, Bell DR, Gilles HM, 1980. Malumfashi Endemic Diseases Research Project, XV. The potential medical importance of bilharzia in northern Nigeria: a suggested rapid, cheap and effective solution for control of Schistosoma haematobium infection. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 74 :597–613.
Elem B, Vandal MT, 1981. Bilharziasis of the urinary tract in Zambia. (Observation on 100 consecutive cases). Med J Zambia 15 :48–51.
Chisty MM, Nargis M, Sato H, Inaba T, Takahashi G, Kamiya H, 2002. Schistosoma mansoni: kinetics of glomerulonephritis in Mongolian gerbils and its correlation with intensity and duration of infection. Parasite 9 :143–151.
Hurst MH, Willingham AL, Lindberg R, 2002. Experimental schistosomiasis japonica in the pig: immunohistology of the hepatic egg granuloma. Parasite Immunol 24 :151–159.
Qian BZ, Bogh HO, Johansen MV, Wang PP, 2000. Congenital transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in the rabbit. J Helminthol 74 :267–270.
Houba V, 1979. Experimental renal disease due to schistosomiasis. Kidney Int 16 :30–43.
Cheever AW, Kuntz RE, Moore JA, Bryan GT, Brown RR, 1976. Animal model of human disease: carcinoma of the urinary bladder in Schistosoma haematobium infection. Am J Pathol 84 :673–676.
Sobh MA, Moustafa FE, Ramzy RM, Deelder AM, Ghoneim MA, 1991. Schistosoma haematobium-induced glomerular disease: an experimental study in the golden hamster. Nephron 57 :216–224.
Smith T, Beck HP, Kitua A, Mwankusye S, Felger I, Fraser-Hurt N, Irion A, Alonso P, Teuscher T, Tanner M, 1999. Age dependence of the multiplicity of Plasmodium falciparum infections and of other malariological indices in an area of high endemicity. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93 :15–20.
Roper C, Richardson W, Elhassan IM, Giha H, Hviid L, Satti GM, Theander TG, Arnot DE, 1998. Seasonal changes in the Plasmodium falciparum population in individuals and their relationship to clinical malaria: a longitudinal study in a Sudanese village. Parasitology 116 :501–510.
Webbe G, James C, 1971. A comparison of two geographical strains of Schistosoma haematobium.J Helminthol 45 :271–284.
Thiongo FW, Madsen H, Ouma JH, Andreassen J, Christensen NO, 1997. Host-parasite relationships in infections with two Kenyan isolates of Schistosoma mansoni in NMRI mice. J Parasitol 83 :330–332.
Fulford AJ, Mbugua GG, Ouma JH, Kariuki HC, Sturrock RF, Butterworth AE, 1991. Differences in the rate of hepatosplenomegaly due to Schistosoma mansoni infection between two areas in Machakos District, Kenya. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 85 :481–488.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 1059 | 989 | 13 |
Full Text Views | 433 | 11 | 1 |
PDF Downloads | 129 | 8 | 0 |