ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Spielman A, Wilson ML, Levine JF, Piesman J, 1985. Ecology of Ixodes dammini borne human babesiosis and Lyme disease. Annu Rev Entomol 30 :439–460.
-
2
Skrabalo Z, Deanovic Z, 1957. Piroplasmosis in man: report on a case. Doc Med Geogr Trop 9 :11–16.
-
3
Scholtens RG, Braff EK, Healy GR, Gleason N, 1968. A case of babesiosis in man in the United States. Am J Trop Med Hyg 17 :810–813.
-
4
Garnham PCC, 1980. Human babesiosis: European aspects. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 74 :153–155.
-
5
Gorenflot A, Piette M, Marchand A, 1976. Babesioses animales et sante humaine. Premier cas de babesiose humaine observe en France. Rec Med Vet 152 :289–297.
-
6
Shih CM, Liu LP, Chung WC, Ong SJ, Wan CC, 1997. Human babesiosis in Taiwan: asymptomatic infection with a Babesia microti-like organism in a Taiwanese woman. J Clin Microbiol 85 :450–454.
-
7
Wei Q, Tsuji M, Zamoto A, Kohsaki M, Matsui T, Shiota T, Telford SR III, Ishihara C, 2001. Human babesiosis in Japan: isolation of Babesia microti-like parasites from an asymptomatic transfusion donor and from a rodent from an area where babesiosis is endemic. J Clin Microbiol 39 :2178–2183.
-
8
Bush JB, Isaacson M., Mohamed AS, Potgieter FT, de Waal DT, 1990. Human babesiosis: a preliminary report of two suspect cases in South Africa (letter). S Afr Med J 78 :699.
-
9
Ruebush TK II, Juranek DD, Chisholm ES, Snow PC, Healy GR, Sulzer AJ, 1977. Human babesiosis on Nantucket Island: evidence for self-limited and subclinical infections. N Engl J Med 297 :825–827.
-
10
Krause PJ, Telford SR, Spielman A, Sikand V, Ryan R, Christianson D, Burke G, Brassard P, Pollack R, Peck J, Persing D, 1996. Lyme disease and human babesiosis: increased severity and duration of illness due to concurrent infection. JAMA 275 :1657–1660.
-
11
Gelfand J, 2000. Babesiosis. Mandell GL, Douglas G, Bennett JE, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Fifth edition. New York: Churchill Livingston, 2899–2902.
-
12
White DJ, Talarico J, Chang H, Birkhead GS, Heimberger T, Morse D, 1998. Human babesiosis in New York State. Review of 139 hospitalized cases and analysis of prognostic factors. Arch Intern Med 158 :2149–2154.
-
13
Dammin GJ, Spielman A, Benach JI, Piesman J, 1981. The rising incidence of clinical Babesia microti infection. Hum Pathol 12 :398–400.
-
14
Cartter ML, Ertel SH, 2001. Lyme disease-Connecticut, 2000 and Babesiosis-Connecticut, 1991–2000. Conn Epidemiol 21 :9–12.
-
15
Persing DH, Herwaldt BL, Glaser C, Lane RS, Thomford JW, Mathiesen D, Krause PJ, Phillip DF, Conrad PA, 1995. Infection with a Babesia-like organism in northern California. N Engl J Med 332 :298–303.
-
16
Herwaldt BL, Persing DH, Precigont EA, Goff WL, Mathiesen DA, Taylor PW, Eberhard ML, Gorenflot AF, 1996. A fatal case of babesiosis in Missouri: identification of another piroplasm that infects humans. Ann Intern Med 124 :643–650.
-
17
Kjemtrup AM, Conrad PA, 2000. Human babesiosis: an emerging tick-borne disease. Int J Parasitol 30 :1323–1327.
-
18
Hatcher JC, Greenberg PD, Antique J, Jimenez-Lucho VE, 2001. Severe babesiosis in Long Island: review of 34 cases and their complications. Clin Infect Dis 32 :1117–1125.
-
19
Foppa I, Krause PJ, Spielman A, Goethert H, Gern L, Brand B, Telford S, 2002. Entomologic and serologic evidence of zoonotic transmission of Babesia microti in eastern Switzerland. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :722–726.
-
20
Hunfeld KP, Lambert A, Kampen H, Albert S, Epe C, Brade V, Tenter AM, 2002. Seroprevalence of Babesia Infections in humans exposed to ticks in midwestern Germany. J Clin Microbiol 40 :2431–2436.
-
21
Eskow ES, Krause PJ, Spielman A, Freeman K, Aslanzadeh J, 1999. Southern extension of the range of human babesiosis in the eastern United States. J Clin Microbiol 37 :2051–2052.
-
22
Rosner F, Zarrabi MH, Benach JL, Habicht GS, 1984. Babesiosis in splenectomized adults. Am J Med 76 :696–701.
-
23
Falagas ME, Klempner MS, 1996. Babesiosis in patients with AIDS: a chronic infection presenting as fever of unknown origin. Clin Infect Dis 22 :809–812.
-
24
Wittner M, Rowin KS, Tanowitz HB, Hobbs JF, Saltzman S, Wenz B, Hirsch R, Chisholm E, Healy GR, 1982. Successful chemotherapy of transfusion babesiosis. Ann Intern Med 96 :601–604.
-
25
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1990. Case definitions for public health surveillance. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 39 :19–21.
-
26
Healy GR, Ruebush TK, 1980. Morphology of Babesia microti in human blood smears. Am Soc Clin Pathol 73 :107–109.
-
27
Krause PJ, Telford S, Ryan R, Conrad PA, Wilson M, Thomford JW, Spielman A, 1994. Diagnosis of babesiosis: evaluation of a serologic test for the detection of Babesia microti antibody. J Infect Dis 169 :923–926.
-
28
Krause PJ, Ryan R, Telford S, Persing D, Spielman A, 1996. Efficacy of an IgM serodiagnostic test for the rapid diagnosis of acute babesiosis. J Clin Microbiol 34 :2014–2016.
-
29
Dressler F, Whalen JA, Reinhardt BN, Steere AC, 1993. Western blotting in the serodiagnosis of Lyme disease. J Infect Dis 167 :392–400.
-
30
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1995. Recommendations for test performance and interpretation from the Second National Conference on Serologic Diagnosis of Lyme Disease. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 44 :590–591.
-
31
Persing DH, Rutledge BJ, Rys PN, Podzorski DS, Mitchell PD, Reed KD, Liu B, Fikrig E, Malawista SE, 1994. Target imbalance: disparity of Borrelia burgdorferi genetic material in synovial fluid from Lyme arthritis patients. J Infect Dis 169 :668–672.
-
32
Persing DH, Mathiesen D, Marshall WF, Telford SR, Spielman A, Thomford JW, Conrad PA, 1992. Detection of Babesia microti by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 30 :2097–2103.
-
33
Krause PJ, Telford SR, Spielman A, Ryan R, Magera J, Rajan TV, Christianson D, Alberghini TV, Bow L, Persing D, 1996. Comparison of PCR with blood smear and small animal inoculation for diagnosis of Babesia microti parasitemia. J Clin Microbiol 34 :2791–2794.
-
34
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997. Lyme disease - United States MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 46 :533–534.
-
35
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2001. Lyme disease. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 50 :181–184.
-
36
Ley C, Davila IH, Mayer NM, Murray RA, Rutherford GW, Reingold AL, 1994. Lyme disease in northwestern coastal California. West J Med 160 :534–539.
-
37
Meek JI, Roberts CL, Smith EV Jr, Cartter ML, 1992. Underreporting of Lyme disease by Connecticut physicians. J Public Health Manag Pract 2 :61–65.
-
38
Coyle BS, Strickland GT, Liang YY, Pena C, McCarter R, Israel E, 1996. The public health impact of Lyme disease in Maryland. J Infect Dis 173 :1260–1262.
-
39
Campbell GL, Fritz CL, Fish D, Nowakowski J, Nadelman RB, Wormser GP, 1998. Estimation of the incidence of Lyme disease. Am J Epidemiol 148 :1018–1026.
-
40
Meldrum SC, Birkhead GS, White DJ, Benach JL, Morse DL, 1992. Human babesiosis in New York state: an epidemiological description of 136 cases. Clin Infect Dis 15 :1019–1023.
-
41
Krause PJ, Spielman A, Telford SR, Sikand VK, McKay K, Christianson D, Pollack RJ, Brassard P, Magera J, Ryan R, Persing D, 1998. Persistent parasitemia following acute babesiosis. N Engl J Med 339 :160–165.
-
42
Gerber MA, Shapiro ED, Krause PJ, Cable RG, Badon SJ, Ryan RW, 1994. The risk of acquiring Lyme disease or babesiosis from a blood transfusion. J Infect Dis 170 :231–234.
-
43
McQuiston JH, Childs JE, Chamberland ME, Tabor E, 2000. Transmission of tickborne agents by blood transfusions: a review of known and potential risks in the United States. Transfusion 40 :274–284.
-
44
Krause PJ, Telford SR, Pollack RJ, Ryan R, Brassard P, Zemel L, Spielman A, 1992. Babesiosis: an underdiagnosed disease of children. Pediatrics 89 :1045–1048.
-
45
Filstein MR, Benach JL, White DJ, Brody BA, Goldman WD, Bakal CW, Schwartz RS, 1980. Serosurvey for human babesiosis in New York. J Infect Dis 141 :518–521.
-
46
Popovsky MA, Lindberg LE, Syrek AL, Page PL, 1988. Prevalence of babesia antibody in a selected blood donor population. Transfusion 28 :59–61.
-
47
Western KA, Benson GD, Gleason NN, Healy GR, Schultz MG, 1970. Babesiosis in a Massachusetts resident. N Engl J Med 283 :854–856.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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INCREASING HEALTH BURDEN OF HUMAN BABESIOSIS IN ENDEMIC SITES
PETER J. KRAUSE
PETER J. KRAUSE
Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine and Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut; Block Island Medical Center, Block Island, Rhode Island; Nantucket Cottage Hospital, Nantucket, Massachusetts; Corixa Corporation, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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KATHLEEN MCKAY
KATHLEEN MCKAY
Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine and Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut; Block Island Medical Center, Block Island, Rhode Island; Nantucket Cottage Hospital, Nantucket, Massachusetts; Corixa Corporation, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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JOSEPH GADBAW
JOSEPH GADBAW
Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine and Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut; Block Island Medical Center, Block Island, Rhode Island; Nantucket Cottage Hospital, Nantucket, Massachusetts; Corixa Corporation, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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DIANE CHRISTIANSON
DIANE CHRISTIANSON
Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine and Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut; Block Island Medical Center, Block Island, Rhode Island; Nantucket Cottage Hospital, Nantucket, Massachusetts; Corixa Corporation, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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LINDA CLOSTER
LINDA CLOSTER
Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine and Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut; Block Island Medical Center, Block Island, Rhode Island; Nantucket Cottage Hospital, Nantucket, Massachusetts; Corixa Corporation, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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TIMOTHY LEPORE
TIMOTHY LEPORE
Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine and Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut; Block Island Medical Center, Block Island, Rhode Island; Nantucket Cottage Hospital, Nantucket, Massachusetts; Corixa Corporation, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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SAM R. TELFORD III
SAM R. TELFORD III
Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine and Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut; Block Island Medical Center, Block Island, Rhode Island; Nantucket Cottage Hospital, Nantucket, Massachusetts; Corixa Corporation, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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VIJAY SIKAND
VIJAY SIKAND
Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine and Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut; Block Island Medical Center, Block Island, Rhode Island; Nantucket Cottage Hospital, Nantucket, Massachusetts; Corixa Corporation, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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RAYMOND RYAN
RAYMOND RYAN
Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine and Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut; Block Island Medical Center, Block Island, Rhode Island; Nantucket Cottage Hospital, Nantucket, Massachusetts; Corixa Corporation, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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DAVID PERSING
DAVID PERSING
Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine and Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut; Block Island Medical Center, Block Island, Rhode Island; Nantucket Cottage Hospital, Nantucket, Massachusetts; Corixa Corporation, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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JUSTIN D. RADOLF
JUSTIN D. RADOLF
Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine and Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut; Block Island Medical Center, Block Island, Rhode Island; Nantucket Cottage Hospital, Nantucket, Massachusetts; Corixa Corporation, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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ANDREW SPIELMAN
ANDREW SPIELMAN
Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine and Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut; Block Island Medical Center, Block Island, Rhode Island; Nantucket Cottage Hospital, Nantucket, Massachusetts; Corixa Corporation, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Human infection due to Babesia microti has been regarded as infrequent and a condition primarily affecting the elderly or immunocompromised. To determine whether risk in endemic sites may be increasing relative to that of Borrelia burgdorferi and to define its age-related clinical spectrum, we carried out a 10-year community-based serosurvey and case finding study on Block Island, Rhode Island. Less intensive observations were conducted in nearby sites. Incidence of babesial infection on Block Island increased during the early 1990s, reaching a level about three-fourths that of borrelial infection. The sera of approximately one-tenth of Block Island residents reacted against babesial antigen, a seroprevalence similar to those on Prudence Island and in southeastern Connecticut. Although the number and duration of babesial symptoms in people older than 50 years of age approximated those in people 20 to 49 years of age, more older adults were admitted to hospital than younger adults. Few Babesia-infected children were hospitalized. Babesial incidence at endemic sites in southern New England appears to have risen during the 1990s to a level approaching that due to borreliosis.
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-
1
Spielman A, Wilson ML, Levine JF, Piesman J, 1985. Ecology of Ixodes dammini borne human babesiosis and Lyme disease. Annu Rev Entomol 30 :439–460.
-
2
Skrabalo Z, Deanovic Z, 1957. Piroplasmosis in man: report on a case. Doc Med Geogr Trop 9 :11–16.
-
3
Scholtens RG, Braff EK, Healy GR, Gleason N, 1968. A case of babesiosis in man in the United States. Am J Trop Med Hyg 17 :810–813.
-
4
Garnham PCC, 1980. Human babesiosis: European aspects. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 74 :153–155.
-
5
Gorenflot A, Piette M, Marchand A, 1976. Babesioses animales et sante humaine. Premier cas de babesiose humaine observe en France. Rec Med Vet 152 :289–297.
-
6
Shih CM, Liu LP, Chung WC, Ong SJ, Wan CC, 1997. Human babesiosis in Taiwan: asymptomatic infection with a Babesia microti-like organism in a Taiwanese woman. J Clin Microbiol 85 :450–454.
-
7
Wei Q, Tsuji M, Zamoto A, Kohsaki M, Matsui T, Shiota T, Telford SR III, Ishihara C, 2001. Human babesiosis in Japan: isolation of Babesia microti-like parasites from an asymptomatic transfusion donor and from a rodent from an area where babesiosis is endemic. J Clin Microbiol 39 :2178–2183.
-
8
Bush JB, Isaacson M., Mohamed AS, Potgieter FT, de Waal DT, 1990. Human babesiosis: a preliminary report of two suspect cases in South Africa (letter). S Afr Med J 78 :699.
-
9
Ruebush TK II, Juranek DD, Chisholm ES, Snow PC, Healy GR, Sulzer AJ, 1977. Human babesiosis on Nantucket Island: evidence for self-limited and subclinical infections. N Engl J Med 297 :825–827.
-
10
Krause PJ, Telford SR, Spielman A, Sikand V, Ryan R, Christianson D, Burke G, Brassard P, Pollack R, Peck J, Persing D, 1996. Lyme disease and human babesiosis: increased severity and duration of illness due to concurrent infection. JAMA 275 :1657–1660.
-
11
Gelfand J, 2000. Babesiosis. Mandell GL, Douglas G, Bennett JE, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Fifth edition. New York: Churchill Livingston, 2899–2902.
-
12
White DJ, Talarico J, Chang H, Birkhead GS, Heimberger T, Morse D, 1998. Human babesiosis in New York State. Review of 139 hospitalized cases and analysis of prognostic factors. Arch Intern Med 158 :2149–2154.
-
13
Dammin GJ, Spielman A, Benach JI, Piesman J, 1981. The rising incidence of clinical Babesia microti infection. Hum Pathol 12 :398–400.
-
14
Cartter ML, Ertel SH, 2001. Lyme disease-Connecticut, 2000 and Babesiosis-Connecticut, 1991–2000. Conn Epidemiol 21 :9–12.
-
15
Persing DH, Herwaldt BL, Glaser C, Lane RS, Thomford JW, Mathiesen D, Krause PJ, Phillip DF, Conrad PA, 1995. Infection with a Babesia-like organism in northern California. N Engl J Med 332 :298–303.
-
16
Herwaldt BL, Persing DH, Precigont EA, Goff WL, Mathiesen DA, Taylor PW, Eberhard ML, Gorenflot AF, 1996. A fatal case of babesiosis in Missouri: identification of another piroplasm that infects humans. Ann Intern Med 124 :643–650.
-
17
Kjemtrup AM, Conrad PA, 2000. Human babesiosis: an emerging tick-borne disease. Int J Parasitol 30 :1323–1327.
-
18
Hatcher JC, Greenberg PD, Antique J, Jimenez-Lucho VE, 2001. Severe babesiosis in Long Island: review of 34 cases and their complications. Clin Infect Dis 32 :1117–1125.
-
19
Foppa I, Krause PJ, Spielman A, Goethert H, Gern L, Brand B, Telford S, 2002. Entomologic and serologic evidence of zoonotic transmission of Babesia microti in eastern Switzerland. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :722–726.
-
20
Hunfeld KP, Lambert A, Kampen H, Albert S, Epe C, Brade V, Tenter AM, 2002. Seroprevalence of Babesia Infections in humans exposed to ticks in midwestern Germany. J Clin Microbiol 40 :2431–2436.
-
21
Eskow ES, Krause PJ, Spielman A, Freeman K, Aslanzadeh J, 1999. Southern extension of the range of human babesiosis in the eastern United States. J Clin Microbiol 37 :2051–2052.
-
22
Rosner F, Zarrabi MH, Benach JL, Habicht GS, 1984. Babesiosis in splenectomized adults. Am J Med 76 :696–701.
-
23
Falagas ME, Klempner MS, 1996. Babesiosis in patients with AIDS: a chronic infection presenting as fever of unknown origin. Clin Infect Dis 22 :809–812.
-
24
Wittner M, Rowin KS, Tanowitz HB, Hobbs JF, Saltzman S, Wenz B, Hirsch R, Chisholm E, Healy GR, 1982. Successful chemotherapy of transfusion babesiosis. Ann Intern Med 96 :601–604.
-
25
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1990. Case definitions for public health surveillance. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 39 :19–21.
-
26
Healy GR, Ruebush TK, 1980. Morphology of Babesia microti in human blood smears. Am Soc Clin Pathol 73 :107–109.
-
27
Krause PJ, Telford S, Ryan R, Conrad PA, Wilson M, Thomford JW, Spielman A, 1994. Diagnosis of babesiosis: evaluation of a serologic test for the detection of Babesia microti antibody. J Infect Dis 169 :923–926.
-
28
Krause PJ, Ryan R, Telford S, Persing D, Spielman A, 1996. Efficacy of an IgM serodiagnostic test for the rapid diagnosis of acute babesiosis. J Clin Microbiol 34 :2014–2016.
-
29
Dressler F, Whalen JA, Reinhardt BN, Steere AC, 1993. Western blotting in the serodiagnosis of Lyme disease. J Infect Dis 167 :392–400.
-
30
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1995. Recommendations for test performance and interpretation from the Second National Conference on Serologic Diagnosis of Lyme Disease. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 44 :590–591.
-
31
Persing DH, Rutledge BJ, Rys PN, Podzorski DS, Mitchell PD, Reed KD, Liu B, Fikrig E, Malawista SE, 1994. Target imbalance: disparity of Borrelia burgdorferi genetic material in synovial fluid from Lyme arthritis patients. J Infect Dis 169 :668–672.
-
32
Persing DH, Mathiesen D, Marshall WF, Telford SR, Spielman A, Thomford JW, Conrad PA, 1992. Detection of Babesia microti by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 30 :2097–2103.
-
33
Krause PJ, Telford SR, Spielman A, Ryan R, Magera J, Rajan TV, Christianson D, Alberghini TV, Bow L, Persing D, 1996. Comparison of PCR with blood smear and small animal inoculation for diagnosis of Babesia microti parasitemia. J Clin Microbiol 34 :2791–2794.
-
34
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997. Lyme disease - United States MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 46 :533–534.
-
35
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2001. Lyme disease. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 50 :181–184.
-
36
Ley C, Davila IH, Mayer NM, Murray RA, Rutherford GW, Reingold AL, 1994. Lyme disease in northwestern coastal California. West J Med 160 :534–539.
-
37
Meek JI, Roberts CL, Smith EV Jr, Cartter ML, 1992. Underreporting of Lyme disease by Connecticut physicians. J Public Health Manag Pract 2 :61–65.
-
38
Coyle BS, Strickland GT, Liang YY, Pena C, McCarter R, Israel E, 1996. The public health impact of Lyme disease in Maryland. J Infect Dis 173 :1260–1262.
-
39
Campbell GL, Fritz CL, Fish D, Nowakowski J, Nadelman RB, Wormser GP, 1998. Estimation of the incidence of Lyme disease. Am J Epidemiol 148 :1018–1026.
-
40
Meldrum SC, Birkhead GS, White DJ, Benach JL, Morse DL, 1992. Human babesiosis in New York state: an epidemiological description of 136 cases. Clin Infect Dis 15 :1019–1023.
-
41
Krause PJ, Spielman A, Telford SR, Sikand VK, McKay K, Christianson D, Pollack RJ, Brassard P, Magera J, Ryan R, Persing D, 1998. Persistent parasitemia following acute babesiosis. N Engl J Med 339 :160–165.
-
42
Gerber MA, Shapiro ED, Krause PJ, Cable RG, Badon SJ, Ryan RW, 1994. The risk of acquiring Lyme disease or babesiosis from a blood transfusion. J Infect Dis 170 :231–234.
-
43
McQuiston JH, Childs JE, Chamberland ME, Tabor E, 2000. Transmission of tickborne agents by blood transfusions: a review of known and potential risks in the United States. Transfusion 40 :274–284.
-
44
Krause PJ, Telford SR, Pollack RJ, Ryan R, Brassard P, Zemel L, Spielman A, 1992. Babesiosis: an underdiagnosed disease of children. Pediatrics 89 :1045–1048.
-
45
Filstein MR, Benach JL, White DJ, Brody BA, Goldman WD, Bakal CW, Schwartz RS, 1980. Serosurvey for human babesiosis in New York. J Infect Dis 141 :518–521.
-
46
Popovsky MA, Lindberg LE, Syrek AL, Page PL, 1988. Prevalence of babesia antibody in a selected blood donor population. Transfusion 28 :59–61.
-
47
Western KA, Benson GD, Gleason NN, Healy GR, Schultz MG, 1970. Babesiosis in a Massachusetts resident. N Engl J Med 283 :854–856.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 907 | 576 | 30 |
| Full Text Views | 596 | 16 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 191 | 14 | 1 |