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ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
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Zotero
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-
1
Wernsdorfer WH, Payne D, 1991. The dynamics of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum.Pharmacol Ther 50 :95–121.
-
2
Gallup JL, Sachs JD, 2001. The economic burden of malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64 :85–96.
-
3
Foote SJ, Thompson JK, Cowman AF, Kemp DJ, 1989. Amplification of the multidrug resistance gene in some chloroquine-resistant isolates of P. falciparum.Cell 57 :921–930.
-
4
Foote SJ, Kyle DE, Martin RK, Oduola AM, Forsyth K, Kemp DJ, Cowman AF, 1990. Several alleles of the multidrug-resistance gene are closely linked to chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum.Nature 345 :255–258.
-
5
Duraisingh MT, Jones P, Sambou I, von Seidlein L, Pinder M, Warhurst DC, 2000. The tyrosine-86 allele of the pfmdr1 gene of Plasmodium falciparum is associated with increased sensitivity to the anti-malarials mefloquine and artemisinin. Mol Biochem Parasitol 108 :13–23.
-
6
Wellems TE, Panton LJ, Gluzman IY, do Rosario VE, Gwadz RW, Walker-Jonah A, Krogstad DJ, 1990. Chloroquine resistance not linked to mdr-like genes in a Plasmodium falciparum cross. Nature 345 :253–255.
-
7
von Seidlein L, Duraisingh MT, Drakeley CJ, Bailey R, Greenwood BM, Pinder M, 1997. Polymorphism of the Pfmdr1 gene and chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in The Gambia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91 :450–453.
-
8
Fidock DA, Nomura T, Talley AK, Cooper RA, Dzekunov SM, Ferdig MT, Ursos LM, Sidhu AB, Naude B, Deitsch KW, Su XZ, Wootton JC, Roepe PD, Wellems TE, 2000. Mutations in the P. falciparum digestive vacuole transmembrane protein Pfcrt and evidence for their role in chloroquine resistance. Mol Cell 6 :861–871.
-
9
Djimde A, Doumbo OK, Cortese JF, Kayentao K, Doumbo S, Diourte Y, Dicko A, Su XZ, Nomura T, Fidock DA, Wellems TE, Plowe CV, Coulibaly D, 2001. A molecular marker for chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med 344 :257–263.
-
10
Dorsey G, Kamya MR, Singh A, Rosenthal PJ, 2001. Polymorphisms in the Plasmodium falciparum pfcrt and pfmdr1 genes and clinical response to chloroquine in Kampala, Uganda. J Infect Dis 183 :1417–1420.
-
11
Mayor AG, Gomez-Olive X, Aponte JJ, Casimiro S, Mabunda S, Dgedge M, Barreto A, Alonso PL, 2001. Prevalence of the K76T mutation in the putative Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) gene and its relation to chloroquine resistance in Mozambique. J Infect Dis 183 :1413–1416.
-
12
Pillai DR, Labbe AC, Vanisaveth V, Hongvangthong B, Pomphida S, Inkathone S, Zhong K, Kain KC, 2001. Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Laos: chloroquine treatment outcome and predictive value of molecular markers. J Infect Dis 183 :789–795.
-
13
Bloland PB, Lackritz EM, Kazembe PN, Were JB, Steketee R, Campbell CC, 1993. Beyond chloroquine: implications of drug resistance for evaluating malaria therapy efficacy and treatment policy in Africa. J Infect Dis 167 :932–937.
-
14
Takechi M, Matsuo M, Ziba C, MacHeso A, Butao D, Zungu IL, Chakanika I, Bustos MD, 2001. Therapeutic efficacy of sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine and susceptibility in vitro of P. falcparum isolates to sulphadoxine-pyremethamine and other antimalarial drugs in Malawian children. Trop Med Int Health 6 :429–434.
-
15
Sakihama N, Mitamura T, Kaneko A, Horii T, Tanabe K, 2001. Long PCR amplification of Plasmodium falciparum DNA extracted from filter paper blots. Exp Parasitol 97 :50–54.
-
16
Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ, 1995. Biometry: The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research. Third edition. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company.
-
17
Slutsker LM, Khoromana CO, Payne D, Allen CR, Wirima JJ, Heymann DL, Patchen L, Steketee RW, 1990. Mefloquine therapy for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children under 5 years of age in Malawi: in vivo/in vitro efficacy and correlation of drug concentration with parasitological outcome. Bull World Health Organ 68 :53–59.
-
18
Mshinda H, Font F, Hirt R, Mashaka M, Ascaso C, Menendez C, 1996. A comparative study of the efficacies of chloroquine and a pyrimethamine-dapsone combination in clearing Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia in school children in Tanzania. Trop Med Int Health 1 :797–801.
-
19
Ariey F, Randrianarivelojosia M, Duchemin JB, Rakotondramarina D, Ouledi A, Robert V, Jambou R, Jahevitra M, Andrianantenaina H, Raharimalala L, Mauclere P, 2002. Mapping of a Plasmodium falciparum pfcrt K76T mutation: a useful strategy for controlling chloroquine resistance in Madagascar. J Infect Dis 185 :710–712.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 44 | 44 | 11 |
| Full Text Views | 399 | 86 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 65 | 9 | 1 |
RECOVERY OF CHLOROQUINE SENSITIVITY AND LOW PREVALENCE OF THE PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM CHLOROQUINE RESISTANCE TRANSPORTER GENE MUTATION K76T FOLLOWING THE DISCONTINUANCE OF CHLOROQUINE USE IN MALAWI
TOSHIHIRO MITA
TOSHIHIRO MITA
Department of International Affairs and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Community Health Sciences Unit, Ministry of Health and Population, Lilongwe, Malawi; Laboratory of Biology, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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AKIRA KANEKO
AKIRA KANEKO
Department of International Affairs and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Community Health Sciences Unit, Ministry of Health and Population, Lilongwe, Malawi; Laboratory of Biology, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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J. KOJI LUM
J. KOJI LUM
Department of International Affairs and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Community Health Sciences Unit, Ministry of Health and Population, Lilongwe, Malawi; Laboratory of Biology, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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BWIJO BWIJO
BWIJO BWIJO
Department of International Affairs and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Community Health Sciences Unit, Ministry of Health and Population, Lilongwe, Malawi; Laboratory of Biology, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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MIHO TAKECHI
MIHO TAKECHI
Department of International Affairs and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Community Health Sciences Unit, Ministry of Health and Population, Lilongwe, Malawi; Laboratory of Biology, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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INNOCENT L. ZUNGU
INNOCENT L. ZUNGU
Department of International Affairs and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Community Health Sciences Unit, Ministry of Health and Population, Lilongwe, Malawi; Laboratory of Biology, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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TAKAHIRO TSUKAHARA
TAKAHIRO TSUKAHARA
Department of International Affairs and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Community Health Sciences Unit, Ministry of Health and Population, Lilongwe, Malawi; Laboratory of Biology, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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KAZUYUKI TANABE
KAZUYUKI TANABE
Department of International Affairs and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Community Health Sciences Unit, Ministry of Health and Population, Lilongwe, Malawi; Laboratory of Biology, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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TAKATOSHI KOBAYAKAWA
TAKATOSHI KOBAYAKAWA
Department of International Affairs and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Community Health Sciences Unit, Ministry of Health and Population, Lilongwe, Malawi; Laboratory of Biology, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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ANDERS BJÖRKMAN
ANDERS BJÖRKMAN
Department of International Affairs and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Community Health Sciences Unit, Ministry of Health and Population, Lilongwe, Malawi; Laboratory of Biology, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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In 1993, Malawi stopped treating patients with chloroquine for Plasmodium falciparum malaria because of a high treatment failure rate (58%). In 1998, the in vitro resistance rate to chloroquine was 3% in the Salima District of Malawi; in 2000, the in vivo resistance rate was 9%. We assayed two genetic mutations implicated in chloroquine resistance (N86Y in the P. falciparum multiple drug resistance gene 1 and K76T in the P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene) in 82 P. falciparum isolates collected during studies in 1998 and 2000. The prevalence of N86Y remained similar to that in neighboring African countries that continued to use chloroquine. In contrast, the prevalence of K76T was substantially lower than in neighboring countries, decreasing significantly from 17% in 1998 to 2% in 2000 (P < 0.02). However, neither mutation was significantly associated with in vivo or in vitro resistance (P > 0.29). Withdrawal of the use of chloroquine appears to have resulted in the recovery of chloroquine efficacy and a reduction in the prevalence of K76T. However, other polymorphisms are also expected to contribute to resistance.
Author Notes
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RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Wernsdorfer WH, Payne D, 1991. The dynamics of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum.Pharmacol Ther 50 :95–121.
-
2
Gallup JL, Sachs JD, 2001. The economic burden of malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64 :85–96.
-
3
Foote SJ, Thompson JK, Cowman AF, Kemp DJ, 1989. Amplification of the multidrug resistance gene in some chloroquine-resistant isolates of P. falciparum.Cell 57 :921–930.
-
4
Foote SJ, Kyle DE, Martin RK, Oduola AM, Forsyth K, Kemp DJ, Cowman AF, 1990. Several alleles of the multidrug-resistance gene are closely linked to chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum.Nature 345 :255–258.
-
5
Duraisingh MT, Jones P, Sambou I, von Seidlein L, Pinder M, Warhurst DC, 2000. The tyrosine-86 allele of the pfmdr1 gene of Plasmodium falciparum is associated with increased sensitivity to the anti-malarials mefloquine and artemisinin. Mol Biochem Parasitol 108 :13–23.
-
6
Wellems TE, Panton LJ, Gluzman IY, do Rosario VE, Gwadz RW, Walker-Jonah A, Krogstad DJ, 1990. Chloroquine resistance not linked to mdr-like genes in a Plasmodium falciparum cross. Nature 345 :253–255.
-
7
von Seidlein L, Duraisingh MT, Drakeley CJ, Bailey R, Greenwood BM, Pinder M, 1997. Polymorphism of the Pfmdr1 gene and chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in The Gambia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91 :450–453.
-
8
Fidock DA, Nomura T, Talley AK, Cooper RA, Dzekunov SM, Ferdig MT, Ursos LM, Sidhu AB, Naude B, Deitsch KW, Su XZ, Wootton JC, Roepe PD, Wellems TE, 2000. Mutations in the P. falciparum digestive vacuole transmembrane protein Pfcrt and evidence for their role in chloroquine resistance. Mol Cell 6 :861–871.
-
9
Djimde A, Doumbo OK, Cortese JF, Kayentao K, Doumbo S, Diourte Y, Dicko A, Su XZ, Nomura T, Fidock DA, Wellems TE, Plowe CV, Coulibaly D, 2001. A molecular marker for chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med 344 :257–263.
-
10
Dorsey G, Kamya MR, Singh A, Rosenthal PJ, 2001. Polymorphisms in the Plasmodium falciparum pfcrt and pfmdr1 genes and clinical response to chloroquine in Kampala, Uganda. J Infect Dis 183 :1417–1420.
-
11
Mayor AG, Gomez-Olive X, Aponte JJ, Casimiro S, Mabunda S, Dgedge M, Barreto A, Alonso PL, 2001. Prevalence of the K76T mutation in the putative Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) gene and its relation to chloroquine resistance in Mozambique. J Infect Dis 183 :1413–1416.
-
12
Pillai DR, Labbe AC, Vanisaveth V, Hongvangthong B, Pomphida S, Inkathone S, Zhong K, Kain KC, 2001. Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Laos: chloroquine treatment outcome and predictive value of molecular markers. J Infect Dis 183 :789–795.
-
13
Bloland PB, Lackritz EM, Kazembe PN, Were JB, Steketee R, Campbell CC, 1993. Beyond chloroquine: implications of drug resistance for evaluating malaria therapy efficacy and treatment policy in Africa. J Infect Dis 167 :932–937.
-
14
Takechi M, Matsuo M, Ziba C, MacHeso A, Butao D, Zungu IL, Chakanika I, Bustos MD, 2001. Therapeutic efficacy of sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine and susceptibility in vitro of P. falcparum isolates to sulphadoxine-pyremethamine and other antimalarial drugs in Malawian children. Trop Med Int Health 6 :429–434.
-
15
Sakihama N, Mitamura T, Kaneko A, Horii T, Tanabe K, 2001. Long PCR amplification of Plasmodium falciparum DNA extracted from filter paper blots. Exp Parasitol 97 :50–54.
-
16
Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ, 1995. Biometry: The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research. Third edition. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company.
-
17
Slutsker LM, Khoromana CO, Payne D, Allen CR, Wirima JJ, Heymann DL, Patchen L, Steketee RW, 1990. Mefloquine therapy for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children under 5 years of age in Malawi: in vivo/in vitro efficacy and correlation of drug concentration with parasitological outcome. Bull World Health Organ 68 :53–59.
-
18
Mshinda H, Font F, Hirt R, Mashaka M, Ascaso C, Menendez C, 1996. A comparative study of the efficacies of chloroquine and a pyrimethamine-dapsone combination in clearing Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia in school children in Tanzania. Trop Med Int Health 1 :797–801.
-
19
Ariey F, Randrianarivelojosia M, Duchemin JB, Rakotondramarina D, Ouledi A, Robert V, Jambou R, Jahevitra M, Andrianantenaina H, Raharimalala L, Mauclere P, 2002. Mapping of a Plasmodium falciparum pfcrt K76T mutation: a useful strategy for controlling chloroquine resistance in Madagascar. J Infect Dis 185 :710–712.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 44 | 44 | 11 |
| Full Text Views | 399 | 86 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 65 | 9 | 1 |