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1
World Health Organization, 1996. Assessment of therapeutic efficacy of antimalarial drugs for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in areas with intense transmission. WHO Document No. WHO/MAL/96.1077. Geneva: WHO.
-
2
Khoromana CO, Campbell CC, Wirima JJ, Heymann DL, 1986. In vivo efficacy of chloroquine treatment for Plasmodium falciparum in Malawian children under five years of age. Am J Trop Med Hyg 35 :465–471.
-
3
Brandling-Bennett AD, Oloo AJ, Watkins WM, Boriga DA, Kariuki DM, Collins WE, 1988. Chloroquine treatment of falciparum malaria in an area of Kenya of intermediate chloroquine resistance. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 82 :833–837.
-
4
Bloland PB, Lackritz EM, Kazembe PN, Were JBO, Steketee R, Campbell CC, 1993. Beyond chloroquine: implications of drug resistance for evaluating malaria therapy efficacy and treatment policy in Africa. J Infect Dis 167 :932–937.
-
5
Ringwald P, Ekobo AS, Keundjian A, Mangamba DK, Basco LK, 2000. Chimiorésistance de P. falciparum en milieu urbain á Yaoundé, Cameroun: Part I. surveillance in vitro et in vivo de la résistance de Plasmodium falciparum á la chloroquine entre 1994 et 1999 á Yaoundé. Cameroun.Trop Med Int Health 6 :92–98.
-
6
Barat LM, Himonga B, Nkunika S, Ettling M, Ruebush TK, Kapelwa W, Bloland PB, 1998. A systematic approach to the development of a rational malaria treatment policy in Zambia. Trop Med Int Health 3 :535–542.
-
7
East Africa Network for Monitoring Antimalarial Treatment, 2001. Monitoring antimalarial drug resistance within National Malaria Control Programmes: the EANMAT experience. Trop Med Int Health 6 :1–8.
-
8
Pan American Health Organization, 1998. Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of drugs for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the Americas. OPS/HCP/ HCT/113/98. Washington, DC, Pan American Health Organization.
-
9
Lemeshow S, Tabor S, 1991. Lot quality assurance sampling: single- and double-sampling plans. World Health Stat Q 44 :115–132.
-
10
Lwanga SK, Lemeshow S, 1991. Sample side determination in health studies: a practical manual. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
11
Bruce-Chwatt LJ, 1986. Chemotherapy of malaria, 2nd ed. World Health Organization Monograph Series No. 27. Geneva: World Health Organization.
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12
Ministerio de Salud, 2000. Programa de Control de Malaria y Otras Enfermedades Metaxénicas, Lima, Peru.
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PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF IN VIVO ANTIMALARIAL DRUG EFFICACY TESTING IN THE AMERICAS
TRENTON K. RUEBUSH II
TRENTON K. RUEBUSH II
National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Lima, Peru; Instituto Nacional de Salud Lima, Peru; Programa de Control de Malaria y Otras Enfermedades Metaxénicas Ministerio de Salud, Lima, Peru; Programa Nacional de Control de la Malaria Ministerio de Salud Pública y Previsión Social, La Paz, Bolivia; Servicio Nacional de Erradicación de la Malaria Ministerio de Salud Pública, Quito, Ecuador
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WILMER MARQUIÑO
WILMER MARQUIÑO
National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Lima, Peru; Instituto Nacional de Salud Lima, Peru; Programa de Control de Malaria y Otras Enfermedades Metaxénicas Ministerio de Salud, Lima, Peru; Programa Nacional de Control de la Malaria Ministerio de Salud Pública y Previsión Social, La Paz, Bolivia; Servicio Nacional de Erradicación de la Malaria Ministerio de Salud Pública, Quito, Ecuador
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JORGE ZEGARRA
JORGE ZEGARRA
National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Lima, Peru; Instituto Nacional de Salud Lima, Peru; Programa de Control de Malaria y Otras Enfermedades Metaxénicas Ministerio de Salud, Lima, Peru; Programa Nacional de Control de la Malaria Ministerio de Salud Pública y Previsión Social, La Paz, Bolivia; Servicio Nacional de Erradicación de la Malaria Ministerio de Salud Pública, Quito, Ecuador
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DANIEL NEYRA
DANIEL NEYRA
National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Lima, Peru; Instituto Nacional de Salud Lima, Peru; Programa de Control de Malaria y Otras Enfermedades Metaxénicas Ministerio de Salud, Lima, Peru; Programa Nacional de Control de la Malaria Ministerio de Salud Pública y Previsión Social, La Paz, Bolivia; Servicio Nacional de Erradicación de la Malaria Ministerio de Salud Pública, Quito, Ecuador
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RODOLFO VILLAROEL
RODOLFO VILLAROEL
National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Lima, Peru; Instituto Nacional de Salud Lima, Peru; Programa de Control de Malaria y Otras Enfermedades Metaxénicas Ministerio de Salud, Lima, Peru; Programa Nacional de Control de la Malaria Ministerio de Salud Pública y Previsión Social, La Paz, Bolivia; Servicio Nacional de Erradicación de la Malaria Ministerio de Salud Pública, Quito, Ecuador
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JUAN CARLOS AVILA
JUAN CARLOS AVILA
National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Lima, Peru; Instituto Nacional de Salud Lima, Peru; Programa de Control de Malaria y Otras Enfermedades Metaxénicas Ministerio de Salud, Lima, Peru; Programa Nacional de Control de la Malaria Ministerio de Salud Pública y Previsión Social, La Paz, Bolivia; Servicio Nacional de Erradicación de la Malaria Ministerio de Salud Pública, Quito, Ecuador
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CÉSAR DÍAZ
CÉSAR DÍAZ
National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Lima, Peru; Instituto Nacional de Salud Lima, Peru; Programa de Control de Malaria y Otras Enfermedades Metaxénicas Ministerio de Salud, Lima, Peru; Programa Nacional de Control de la Malaria Ministerio de Salud Pública y Previsión Social, La Paz, Bolivia; Servicio Nacional de Erradicación de la Malaria Ministerio de Salud Pública, Quito, Ecuador
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EFRAÍN BELTRÁN
EFRAÍN BELTRÁN
National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Lima, Peru; Instituto Nacional de Salud Lima, Peru; Programa de Control de Malaria y Otras Enfermedades Metaxénicas Ministerio de Salud, Lima, Peru; Programa Nacional de Control de la Malaria Ministerio de Salud Pública y Previsión Social, La Paz, Bolivia; Servicio Nacional de Erradicación de la Malaria Ministerio de Salud Pública, Quito, Ecuador
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The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed guidelines for in vivo antimalarial drug efficacy testing for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in areas with low-to-moderate transmission, such as the Americas. These guidelines are used widely by ministries of health and national malaria control programs to assess the efficacy of their first-line and second-line drugs for the treatment of malaria and to provide the information necessary to update national malaria treatment policies. Following the WHO guidelines, we have conducted in vivo efficacy trials with a variety of drugs and drug combinations against P. falciparum and P. vivax at 13 sites in Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador. Based on these experiences, we have identified several modifications that we believe should be made in the WHO recommendations to make them more suitable to the relatively low levels of P. falciparum transmission in the Americas and to the logistic challenges of carrying out such studies in sparsely populated areas, such as the Amazon Basin. These include changes in inclusion and exclusion criteria, in enrollment and follow-up procedures, and in the measurement of study outcomes.
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ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
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Zotero
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-
1
World Health Organization, 1996. Assessment of therapeutic efficacy of antimalarial drugs for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in areas with intense transmission. WHO Document No. WHO/MAL/96.1077. Geneva: WHO.
-
2
Khoromana CO, Campbell CC, Wirima JJ, Heymann DL, 1986. In vivo efficacy of chloroquine treatment for Plasmodium falciparum in Malawian children under five years of age. Am J Trop Med Hyg 35 :465–471.
-
3
Brandling-Bennett AD, Oloo AJ, Watkins WM, Boriga DA, Kariuki DM, Collins WE, 1988. Chloroquine treatment of falciparum malaria in an area of Kenya of intermediate chloroquine resistance. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 82 :833–837.
-
4
Bloland PB, Lackritz EM, Kazembe PN, Were JBO, Steketee R, Campbell CC, 1993. Beyond chloroquine: implications of drug resistance for evaluating malaria therapy efficacy and treatment policy in Africa. J Infect Dis 167 :932–937.
-
5
Ringwald P, Ekobo AS, Keundjian A, Mangamba DK, Basco LK, 2000. Chimiorésistance de P. falciparum en milieu urbain á Yaoundé, Cameroun: Part I. surveillance in vitro et in vivo de la résistance de Plasmodium falciparum á la chloroquine entre 1994 et 1999 á Yaoundé. Cameroun.Trop Med Int Health 6 :92–98.
-
6
Barat LM, Himonga B, Nkunika S, Ettling M, Ruebush TK, Kapelwa W, Bloland PB, 1998. A systematic approach to the development of a rational malaria treatment policy in Zambia. Trop Med Int Health 3 :535–542.
-
7
East Africa Network for Monitoring Antimalarial Treatment, 2001. Monitoring antimalarial drug resistance within National Malaria Control Programmes: the EANMAT experience. Trop Med Int Health 6 :1–8.
-
8
Pan American Health Organization, 1998. Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of drugs for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the Americas. OPS/HCP/ HCT/113/98. Washington, DC, Pan American Health Organization.
-
9
Lemeshow S, Tabor S, 1991. Lot quality assurance sampling: single- and double-sampling plans. World Health Stat Q 44 :115–132.
-
10
Lwanga SK, Lemeshow S, 1991. Sample side determination in health studies: a practical manual. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
11
Bruce-Chwatt LJ, 1986. Chemotherapy of malaria, 2nd ed. World Health Organization Monograph Series No. 27. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
12
Ministerio de Salud, 2000. Programa de Control de Malaria y Otras Enfermedades Metaxénicas, Lima, Peru.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 179 | 105 | 3 |
| Full Text Views | 440 | 6 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 55 | 8 | 0 |