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-
1
World Health Organization, 1996. Schistosomiasis. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1–4.
-
2
Pammenter MD, Haribhai HC, Epstein SR, Roussow EJ, Bhigjee AI, Bill PLA, 1991. The value of immunological approaches to the diagnosis of schistosomal myelopathy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 44 :329–335.
-
3
Pollner JH, Schwartz A, Kobrine A, Parenti DM, 1994. Cerebral schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium: case report. Clin Infect Dis 18 :354–357.
-
4
Pittella JEH, 1991. The relation between involvement of the central nervous system in schistosomiasis mansoni and the clinical forms of the parasitosis. A review. J Trop Med Hyg 94 :15–21.
-
5
Pittella JEH, Lana-Peixoto MA, 1981. Brain involvement in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni. Brain 104 :621.
-
6
Queiroz AC, 1984. Estudo do plexo coróide na esquistossomose mansônica: relação dos depósitos protéicos com a presença de glomerulonefrite associada. Acta Med Port 5 :219–221.
-
7
Pittella JEH, Bambirra EA, 1989. Histopathological and immunofluorescence study of the choroid plexus in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni. Am J Trop Med Hyg 41 :548–552.
-
8
Houpis J, Brattleboro MD, Vermont J, Oexmann MDJ, Martin MDG, Jacobi MD, 1984. Acute schistosomiasis with transverse myelitis in American students returning from Kenya. JAMA 252: 1116, 1119, and 1123.
-
9
Andrade NA, 1986. Neuroesquistossomose. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 44 :275–279.
-
10
Andrade-Filho AS, Queiroz AC, 1991. Meningomielorradiculite esquistossomótica: estudo clínico-laboratorial de três casos tratados. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 49 :80–82.
-
11
Pellegrino AJP, Oliveira SP, Porto CA, Santos LA, Menezes EE, Silva AP, Brito AL, Pinheiro SP, Pinheiro S, Dias AB, 1988. Meningomielorradiculite por Schistosoma mansoni. Protocolo de investigação e registro de 21 casos. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 46: 49–60.
-
12
Salum PNB, Machado LR, Spina-França A, 1981. Meningomielorradiculopatia na esquistossomose mansônica: avaliação clínica e do líquido cefalorraqueano em 16 casos. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 39: 289–295.
-
13
Canelas HM, Aidar O, Campos EP, 1951. Esquistossomose com lesões meningo-radículo-medulares. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 9 :48–55.
-
14
Livramento JA, Machado LR, Silva LC, Spina-França A, 1985. Síndrome do líquido cefalorraqueano na neuroesquistossomose. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 43 :372–377.
-
15
Ferrari TCA, Moreira PRR, Ferrari MLA, 1993. Clinical and immunological study of schistosomal myeloradiculopathy. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 87 :295–297.
-
16
Ferrari TCA, Moreira PRR, Oliveira RC, Ferrari MLA, Gazzinelli G, Cunha AS, 1995. The value of an ELISA for the diagnosis of schistotomiasis mansoni myeloradiculopathy. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 89: 496–500.
-
17
Katz N, Chaves A, Pellegrino J, 1972. A simple devise for quantitative determination of Schistosoma mansoni eggs in feces examined by the thick smear technique. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 14 :397–400.
-
18
Harn DA, Mitsuyama M, David JR, 1984. Schistosoma mansoni: anti-egg monoclonal antibodies protect against cercarial challenge in vivo. J Exp Med 159 :1371–1387.
-
19
Silbergleit R, Silbergleit R, 1992. Schistosomal granuloma of the spinal cord: evaluation with MR imaging and intraoperative sonography. ARJ Am J Roentgenol 158: 1351–1353.
-
20
Mackenzie IR, Guha A, 1998. Manson’s schistosomiasis presenting as a brain tumor. Case report. J Neurosurg 89 :1052–1054.
-
21
Scrimgeour EM, Gajdusek DC, 1985. Involvement of the central nervous system in Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium infection. Brain 108 :1023–1038.
-
22
Ferrari TCA, Correa-Oliveira R, Xavier MAP, Gazzinelli G, Cunha AS, 1999. Estimation of the local synthesis of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the central nervous system of patients with spinal cord schistosomiasis by the IgG index. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93 :558–559.
-
23
Mott KE, Dixon H, 1982. Collaborative study on antigens for immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis. Bull World Health Organ 60 :729–753.
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ANTIBODIES TO SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI IN HUMAN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
ISIS F. MAGALHÃES-SANTOS
ISIS F. MAGALHÃES-SANTOS
Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz-FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia Brazil; Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia Brazil; José Silveira Foundation, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
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DENISE C. LEMAIRE
DENISE C. LEMAIRE
Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz-FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia Brazil; Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia Brazil; José Silveira Foundation, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
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ANTONIO S. ANDRADE-FILHO
ANTONIO S. ANDRADE-FILHO
Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz-FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia Brazil; Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia Brazil; José Silveira Foundation, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
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ARISTIDES C. QUEIROZ
ARISTIDES C. QUEIROZ
Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz-FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia Brazil; Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia Brazil; José Silveira Foundation, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
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OTÁVIO M. CARVALHO
OTÁVIO M. CARVALHO
Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz-FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia Brazil; Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia Brazil; José Silveira Foundation, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
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THEOMIRA M. A. CARMO
THEOMIRA M. A. CARMO
Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz-FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia Brazil; Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia Brazil; José Silveira Foundation, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
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ISADORA C. SIQUEIRA
ISADORA C. SIQUEIRA
Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz-FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia Brazil; Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia Brazil; José Silveira Foundation, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
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DÉBORA M. ANDRADE
DÉBORA M. ANDRADE
Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz-FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia Brazil; Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia Brazil; José Silveira Foundation, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
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MICHELY F. REGO
MICHELY F. REGO
Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz-FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia Brazil; Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia Brazil; José Silveira Foundation, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
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ANA PAULA T. GUEDES
ANA PAULA T. GUEDES
Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz-FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia Brazil; Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia Brazil; José Silveira Foundation, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
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MITERMAYER G. REIS
MITERMAYER G. REIS
Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz-FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia Brazil; Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia Brazil; José Silveira Foundation, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from patients suspected of having neuroschistosomiasis (NS) were evaluated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Monoclonal antibodies of various immunoglobulin isotypes (IgM, IgA, IgE, total IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) were used to detect antibodies against Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen (SEA) and soluble worm adult preparation (SWAP). Of the 83 CSF samples tested, 55% were reactive to SEA (26% were reactive only to SEA and 29% to both SEA and SWAP), 34% were reactive to SWAP (5% only to SWAP and 29% to both SEA and SWAP), and 40% were not reactive with any antigen. Cases that tested positive for SWAP in CSF and negative in serum were not found. Samples with high specific IgG antibody titers were selected for immunoglobulin isotype profiling. In the CSF samples, the antibodies against SEA and SWAP were mainly IgM, IgG1, and IgG4, although other immunoglobulins were also detected. Interestingly, nine patients had high levels of IgG1 only in the CSF. These results suggest that there is local synthesis of IgG1, and that this isotype could be an important immunologic marker in the diagnosis of NS.
Author Notes
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-
1
World Health Organization, 1996. Schistosomiasis. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1–4.
-
2
Pammenter MD, Haribhai HC, Epstein SR, Roussow EJ, Bhigjee AI, Bill PLA, 1991. The value of immunological approaches to the diagnosis of schistosomal myelopathy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 44 :329–335.
-
3
Pollner JH, Schwartz A, Kobrine A, Parenti DM, 1994. Cerebral schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium: case report. Clin Infect Dis 18 :354–357.
-
4
Pittella JEH, 1991. The relation between involvement of the central nervous system in schistosomiasis mansoni and the clinical forms of the parasitosis. A review. J Trop Med Hyg 94 :15–21.
-
5
Pittella JEH, Lana-Peixoto MA, 1981. Brain involvement in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni. Brain 104 :621.
-
6
Queiroz AC, 1984. Estudo do plexo coróide na esquistossomose mansônica: relação dos depósitos protéicos com a presença de glomerulonefrite associada. Acta Med Port 5 :219–221.
-
7
Pittella JEH, Bambirra EA, 1989. Histopathological and immunofluorescence study of the choroid plexus in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni. Am J Trop Med Hyg 41 :548–552.
-
8
Houpis J, Brattleboro MD, Vermont J, Oexmann MDJ, Martin MDG, Jacobi MD, 1984. Acute schistosomiasis with transverse myelitis in American students returning from Kenya. JAMA 252: 1116, 1119, and 1123.
-
9
Andrade NA, 1986. Neuroesquistossomose. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 44 :275–279.
-
10
Andrade-Filho AS, Queiroz AC, 1991. Meningomielorradiculite esquistossomótica: estudo clínico-laboratorial de três casos tratados. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 49 :80–82.
-
11
Pellegrino AJP, Oliveira SP, Porto CA, Santos LA, Menezes EE, Silva AP, Brito AL, Pinheiro SP, Pinheiro S, Dias AB, 1988. Meningomielorradiculite por Schistosoma mansoni. Protocolo de investigação e registro de 21 casos. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 46: 49–60.
-
12
Salum PNB, Machado LR, Spina-França A, 1981. Meningomielorradiculopatia na esquistossomose mansônica: avaliação clínica e do líquido cefalorraqueano em 16 casos. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 39: 289–295.
-
13
Canelas HM, Aidar O, Campos EP, 1951. Esquistossomose com lesões meningo-radículo-medulares. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 9 :48–55.
-
14
Livramento JA, Machado LR, Silva LC, Spina-França A, 1985. Síndrome do líquido cefalorraqueano na neuroesquistossomose. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 43 :372–377.
-
15
Ferrari TCA, Moreira PRR, Ferrari MLA, 1993. Clinical and immunological study of schistosomal myeloradiculopathy. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 87 :295–297.
-
16
Ferrari TCA, Moreira PRR, Oliveira RC, Ferrari MLA, Gazzinelli G, Cunha AS, 1995. The value of an ELISA for the diagnosis of schistotomiasis mansoni myeloradiculopathy. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 89: 496–500.
-
17
Katz N, Chaves A, Pellegrino J, 1972. A simple devise for quantitative determination of Schistosoma mansoni eggs in feces examined by the thick smear technique. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 14 :397–400.
-
18
Harn DA, Mitsuyama M, David JR, 1984. Schistosoma mansoni: anti-egg monoclonal antibodies protect against cercarial challenge in vivo. J Exp Med 159 :1371–1387.
-
19
Silbergleit R, Silbergleit R, 1992. Schistosomal granuloma of the spinal cord: evaluation with MR imaging and intraoperative sonography. ARJ Am J Roentgenol 158: 1351–1353.
-
20
Mackenzie IR, Guha A, 1998. Manson’s schistosomiasis presenting as a brain tumor. Case report. J Neurosurg 89 :1052–1054.
-
21
Scrimgeour EM, Gajdusek DC, 1985. Involvement of the central nervous system in Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium infection. Brain 108 :1023–1038.
-
22
Ferrari TCA, Correa-Oliveira R, Xavier MAP, Gazzinelli G, Cunha AS, 1999. Estimation of the local synthesis of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the central nervous system of patients with spinal cord schistosomiasis by the IgG index. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93 :558–559.
-
23
Mott KE, Dixon H, 1982. Collaborative study on antigens for immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis. Bull World Health Organ 60 :729–753.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1072 | 1017 | 17 |
| Full Text Views | 245 | 6 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 50 | 8 | 0 |