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-
1
Santos-Buch CA, Acosta AM, 1985. Pathology of Chagas’ disease. Tizard I, ed. Immunology and Pathogenesis of Trypanosomiasis. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 145–182.
-
2
Degrave W, Fragoso SP, Britto C, van Heuverswyn H, Kidane GZ, Cardoso MA, Mueller RU, Simpson L, Morel CM, 1988. Peculiar sequence organization of kinetoplast DNA mini-circles from Trypanosoma cruzi.Mol Biochem Parasitol 27 :63–70.
-
3
Degrave W, Fernandes O, Thiemann O, Wincker P, Britto C, Cardoso A, Pereira JB, Bozza M, Lopes U, Morel C, 1994. Detection of Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania using the polymerase chain reaction. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 89 :367–368.
-
4
Lane JE, Olivares-Villagomez D, Vnencak-Jones CL, McCurley TL, Carter CE, 1997. Detection of Trypanosoma cruzi with the polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization in infected murine cardiac tissue. Am J Trop Med Hyg 56 :588–595.
-
5
Kierszenbaum F, 1999. Chagas’ disease and the autoimmunity hypothesis. Clin Microbiol Rev 12 :210–223.
-
6
Cunha-Neto E, Kalil J, 1995. Autoimmunity in Chagas’ heart disease. Rev Paul Med 113 :757–766.
-
7
Cunha-Neto E, Coelho V, Guilherme L, Fiorelli A, Stolf N, Kalil J, 1996. Autoimmunity in Chagas’ disease. Identification of cardiac myosin-B13 Trypanosoma cruzi protein crossreactive T cell clones in heart lesions of a chronic Chagas’ cardiomyopathy patient. J Clin Invest 98 :1709–1712.
-
8
Levin MJ, Mesri E, Benarous R, Levitus G, Schijman A, Levy-Yeyati P, Chiale PA, Ruiz AM, Kahn A, Rosenbaum MB, Torres H, Segura EL, 1989. Identification of major Trypanosoma cruzi antigenic determinants in chronic Chagas’ heart disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg 41 :530–538.
-
9
Gea S, Ordonez P, Cerban F, Iosa D, Chizzolini C, Vottero-Cima E, 1993. Chagas’ disease cardioneuropathy: association of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and anti-sciatic nerve antibodies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49 :581–588.
-
10
Borda E, Pascual J, Cossio P, De La Vega M, Arana R, Sterin-Borda L, 1984. A circulating IgG in Chagas’ disease which binds to beta-adrenoceptors of myocardium and modulates their activity. Clin Exp Immunol 57 :679–686.
-
11
Ferrari I, Levin MJ, Wallukat G, Elies R, Lebesgue D, Chiale P, Elizari M, Rosenbaum M, Hoebeke J, 1995. Molecular mimicry between the immunodominant ribosomal protein P0 of Trypanosoma cruzi and a functional epitope on the human beta 1-adrenergic receptor. J Exp Med 182 :59–65.
-
12
Elies R, Ferrari I, Wallukat G, Lebesgue D, Chiale P, Elizari M, Rosenbaum M, Hoebeke J, Levin MJ, 1996. Structural and functional analysis of the B cell epitopes recognized by anti-receptor autoantibodies in patients with Chagas’ disease. J Immunol 157 :4203–4211.
-
13
Schröder AE, Greiner A, Seyfert C, Berek C, 1996. Differentiation of B cells in the nonlymphoid tissue of the synovial membrane of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93 :221–225.
-
14
Sturm NR, Degrave W, Morel C, Simpson L, 1989. Sensitive detection and schizodeme classification of Trypanosoma cruzi cells by amplification of kinetoplast minicircle DNA sequences: use in diagnosis of Chagas’ disease. Mol Biochem Parasitol 33 :205–214.
-
15
Vazquez M, Lorenzi H, Schijman AG, Ben-Dov C, Levin MJ, 1999. Analysis of the distribution of SIRE in the nuclear genome of Trypanosoma cruzi.Gene 239 :207–216.
-
16
Vazquez MP, Schijman AG, Levin MJ, 1994. A short interspersed repetitive element provides a new 3′ acceptor site for trans-splicing in certain ribosomal P2 beta protein genes of Trypanosoma cruzi.Mol Biochem Parasitol 64 :327–336.
-
17
Jones EM, Colley DG, Tostes S, Lopes ER, Vnencak-Jones CL, McCurley TL, 1993. Amplification of a Trypanosoma cruzi DNA sequence from inflammatory lesions in human chagasic cardiomyopathy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 48 :348–357.
-
18
Brandariz S, Schijman A, Vigliano C, Arteman P, Viotti R, Beldjord C, Levin MJ, 1995. Detection of parasite DNA in Chagas’ heart disease. Lancet 346 :1370–1371.
-
19
Olivares-Villagomez D, McCurley TL, Vnencak-Jones CL, Correa-Oliveira R, Colley DG, Carter CE, 1998. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of three different Trypanosoma cruzi DNA sequences from human chagasic cardiac tissue. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :563–570.
-
20
Zhang L, Tarleton RL, 1999. Parasite persistence correlates with disease severity and localization in chronic Chagas’ disease. J Infect Dis 180 :480–486.
-
21
Buckner FS, Wilson AJ, Van Voorhis WC, 1999. Detection of live Trypanosoma cruzi in tissues of infected mice by using histochemical stain for beta-galactosidase. Infect Immun 67 :403–409.
-
22
Higuchi M, De Brito T, Martins Reis M, Barbosa A, Belloti G, Pereira-Barreto AC, Pileggi F, 1993. Correlation between Trypanosoma cruzi parasitism and myocardial inflammatory infiltrate in human chronic chagasic myocarditis: light microscopy and immunohistochemical findings. Cardiovasc Pathol 2 :101–106.
-
23
King CA, Spellerberg MB, Zhu D, Rice J, Sahota SS, Thompsett AR, Hamblin TJ, Radl J, Stevenson FK, 1998. DNA vaccines with single-chain Fv fused to fragment C of tetanus toxin induce protective immunity against lymphoma and myeloma. Nat Med 4 :1281–1286.
-
24
Viotti R, Vigliano C, Armenti H, Segura E, 1994. Treatment of chronic Chagas’ disease with benznidazole: clinical and serologic evolution of patients with long-term follow-up. Am Heart J 127 :151–162.
-
25
Bocchi EA, Bellotti G, Mocelin AO, Uip D, Bacal F, Higuchi ML, Amato-Neto V, Fiorelli A, Stolf NA, Jatene AD, Pileggi F, 1996. Heart transplantation for chronic Chagas’ heart disease. Ann Thorac Surg 61 :1727–1733.
-
26
Ferreira MS, Nishioka S, Silvestre MT, Borges AS, Nunes-Araujo FR, Rocha A, 1997. Reactivation of Chagas’ disease in patients with AIDS: report of three new cases and review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis 25 :1397–1400.
-
27
Aretz HT, Billingham ME, Edwards WD, Factor SM, Fallon JT, Fenoglio JJ Jr, Olsen EG, Schoen FJ, 1987.Myocarditis. A histopathologic definition and classification. Am J Cardiovasc Pathol 1 :3–14.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 18 | 18 | 4 |
| Full Text Views | 239 | 84 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 29 | 13 | 0 |
ANALYSIS OF THE PRESENCE OF TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI IN THE HEART TISSUE OF THREE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC CHAGAS’ HEART DISEASE
FERNANDO E. ELIAS
FERNANDO E. ELIAS
Deutsches Rheuma ForschungsZentrum, Berlin, Germany; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; División Patología, Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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CARLOS A. VIGLIANO
CARLOS A. VIGLIANO
Deutsches Rheuma ForschungsZentrum, Berlin, Germany; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; División Patología, Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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RUBÉN P. LAGUENS
RUBÉN P. LAGUENS
Deutsches Rheuma ForschungsZentrum, Berlin, Germany; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; División Patología, Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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MARIANO J. LEVIN
MARIANO J. LEVIN
Deutsches Rheuma ForschungsZentrum, Berlin, Germany; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; División Patología, Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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CLAUDIA BEREK
CLAUDIA BEREK
Deutsches Rheuma ForschungsZentrum, Berlin, Germany; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; División Patología, Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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It is still unclear to what extent myocarditis-associated, chronic Chagas’ heart disease is due to persisting Trypanosoma cruzi. In the present study, we have analyzed tissue samples from the hearts of three patients with this disease. In situ hybridization provided little evidence for the presence of intact T. cruzi, even at sites of strong inflammation. Nevertheless, micromanipulation techniques detected remnants of both T. cruzi kinetoplast DNA and nuclear DNA. Trypanosoma cruzi DNA was also detected in single macrophages dissected directly from frozen heart tissue sections. Thus, this analysis demonstrates that T. cruzi kinetoplast DNA and nuclear DNA are widely dispersed in the heart tissue, although in low amounts. Since we rarely detected intact T. cruzi parasites during the chronic phase of Chagas’ heart disease, we can exclude heart tissue as a major parasite reservoir.
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-
1
Santos-Buch CA, Acosta AM, 1985. Pathology of Chagas’ disease. Tizard I, ed. Immunology and Pathogenesis of Trypanosomiasis. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 145–182.
-
2
Degrave W, Fragoso SP, Britto C, van Heuverswyn H, Kidane GZ, Cardoso MA, Mueller RU, Simpson L, Morel CM, 1988. Peculiar sequence organization of kinetoplast DNA mini-circles from Trypanosoma cruzi.Mol Biochem Parasitol 27 :63–70.
-
3
Degrave W, Fernandes O, Thiemann O, Wincker P, Britto C, Cardoso A, Pereira JB, Bozza M, Lopes U, Morel C, 1994. Detection of Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania using the polymerase chain reaction. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 89 :367–368.
-
4
Lane JE, Olivares-Villagomez D, Vnencak-Jones CL, McCurley TL, Carter CE, 1997. Detection of Trypanosoma cruzi with the polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization in infected murine cardiac tissue. Am J Trop Med Hyg 56 :588–595.
-
5
Kierszenbaum F, 1999. Chagas’ disease and the autoimmunity hypothesis. Clin Microbiol Rev 12 :210–223.
-
6
Cunha-Neto E, Kalil J, 1995. Autoimmunity in Chagas’ heart disease. Rev Paul Med 113 :757–766.
-
7
Cunha-Neto E, Coelho V, Guilherme L, Fiorelli A, Stolf N, Kalil J, 1996. Autoimmunity in Chagas’ disease. Identification of cardiac myosin-B13 Trypanosoma cruzi protein crossreactive T cell clones in heart lesions of a chronic Chagas’ cardiomyopathy patient. J Clin Invest 98 :1709–1712.
-
8
Levin MJ, Mesri E, Benarous R, Levitus G, Schijman A, Levy-Yeyati P, Chiale PA, Ruiz AM, Kahn A, Rosenbaum MB, Torres H, Segura EL, 1989. Identification of major Trypanosoma cruzi antigenic determinants in chronic Chagas’ heart disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg 41 :530–538.
-
9
Gea S, Ordonez P, Cerban F, Iosa D, Chizzolini C, Vottero-Cima E, 1993. Chagas’ disease cardioneuropathy: association of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and anti-sciatic nerve antibodies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49 :581–588.
-
10
Borda E, Pascual J, Cossio P, De La Vega M, Arana R, Sterin-Borda L, 1984. A circulating IgG in Chagas’ disease which binds to beta-adrenoceptors of myocardium and modulates their activity. Clin Exp Immunol 57 :679–686.
-
11
Ferrari I, Levin MJ, Wallukat G, Elies R, Lebesgue D, Chiale P, Elizari M, Rosenbaum M, Hoebeke J, 1995. Molecular mimicry between the immunodominant ribosomal protein P0 of Trypanosoma cruzi and a functional epitope on the human beta 1-adrenergic receptor. J Exp Med 182 :59–65.
-
12
Elies R, Ferrari I, Wallukat G, Lebesgue D, Chiale P, Elizari M, Rosenbaum M, Hoebeke J, Levin MJ, 1996. Structural and functional analysis of the B cell epitopes recognized by anti-receptor autoantibodies in patients with Chagas’ disease. J Immunol 157 :4203–4211.
-
13
Schröder AE, Greiner A, Seyfert C, Berek C, 1996. Differentiation of B cells in the nonlymphoid tissue of the synovial membrane of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93 :221–225.
-
14
Sturm NR, Degrave W, Morel C, Simpson L, 1989. Sensitive detection and schizodeme classification of Trypanosoma cruzi cells by amplification of kinetoplast minicircle DNA sequences: use in diagnosis of Chagas’ disease. Mol Biochem Parasitol 33 :205–214.
-
15
Vazquez M, Lorenzi H, Schijman AG, Ben-Dov C, Levin MJ, 1999. Analysis of the distribution of SIRE in the nuclear genome of Trypanosoma cruzi.Gene 239 :207–216.
-
16
Vazquez MP, Schijman AG, Levin MJ, 1994. A short interspersed repetitive element provides a new 3′ acceptor site for trans-splicing in certain ribosomal P2 beta protein genes of Trypanosoma cruzi.Mol Biochem Parasitol 64 :327–336.
-
17
Jones EM, Colley DG, Tostes S, Lopes ER, Vnencak-Jones CL, McCurley TL, 1993. Amplification of a Trypanosoma cruzi DNA sequence from inflammatory lesions in human chagasic cardiomyopathy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 48 :348–357.
-
18
Brandariz S, Schijman A, Vigliano C, Arteman P, Viotti R, Beldjord C, Levin MJ, 1995. Detection of parasite DNA in Chagas’ heart disease. Lancet 346 :1370–1371.
-
19
Olivares-Villagomez D, McCurley TL, Vnencak-Jones CL, Correa-Oliveira R, Colley DG, Carter CE, 1998. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of three different Trypanosoma cruzi DNA sequences from human chagasic cardiac tissue. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :563–570.
-
20
Zhang L, Tarleton RL, 1999. Parasite persistence correlates with disease severity and localization in chronic Chagas’ disease. J Infect Dis 180 :480–486.
-
21
Buckner FS, Wilson AJ, Van Voorhis WC, 1999. Detection of live Trypanosoma cruzi in tissues of infected mice by using histochemical stain for beta-galactosidase. Infect Immun 67 :403–409.
-
22
Higuchi M, De Brito T, Martins Reis M, Barbosa A, Belloti G, Pereira-Barreto AC, Pileggi F, 1993. Correlation between Trypanosoma cruzi parasitism and myocardial inflammatory infiltrate in human chronic chagasic myocarditis: light microscopy and immunohistochemical findings. Cardiovasc Pathol 2 :101–106.
-
23
King CA, Spellerberg MB, Zhu D, Rice J, Sahota SS, Thompsett AR, Hamblin TJ, Radl J, Stevenson FK, 1998. DNA vaccines with single-chain Fv fused to fragment C of tetanus toxin induce protective immunity against lymphoma and myeloma. Nat Med 4 :1281–1286.
-
24
Viotti R, Vigliano C, Armenti H, Segura E, 1994. Treatment of chronic Chagas’ disease with benznidazole: clinical and serologic evolution of patients with long-term follow-up. Am Heart J 127 :151–162.
-
25
Bocchi EA, Bellotti G, Mocelin AO, Uip D, Bacal F, Higuchi ML, Amato-Neto V, Fiorelli A, Stolf NA, Jatene AD, Pileggi F, 1996. Heart transplantation for chronic Chagas’ heart disease. Ann Thorac Surg 61 :1727–1733.
-
26
Ferreira MS, Nishioka S, Silvestre MT, Borges AS, Nunes-Araujo FR, Rocha A, 1997. Reactivation of Chagas’ disease in patients with AIDS: report of three new cases and review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis 25 :1397–1400.
-
27
Aretz HT, Billingham ME, Edwards WD, Factor SM, Fallon JT, Fenoglio JJ Jr, Olsen EG, Schoen FJ, 1987.Myocarditis. A histopathologic definition and classification. Am J Cardiovasc Pathol 1 :3–14.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 18 | 18 | 4 |
| Full Text Views | 239 | 84 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 29 | 13 | 0 |