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-
1
Ottesen EA, Ramachandran CP, 1995. Lymphatic filariasis infection and disease: control strategies. Parasitol Today 11 :129–131.
-
2
World Health Organization, 1992. Lymphatic filariasis: the disease and its control. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 821.
-
3
Ottesen EA, 1985. Efficacy of diethylcarbamazine in eradicating infection with lymphatic-dwelling filariae in humans. Rev Infect Dis 7 :341–356.
-
4
Maizels RM, Denham DA, 1992. Diethylcarbamazine (DEC): immunopharmacological interactions of an anti-filarial drug. Parasitology 105 :S49–60.
-
5
Tyagi K, Murthy PK, Chatterjee RK, 1994. Brugia malayi in Mastomys natalensis: influence of immunostimulators on exertion of antifilarial activity of diethylcarbamazine. Trop Med Parasitol 45 :24–26.
-
6
Dreyer G, Amaral F, Noroes J, Medeiros Z, Addiss D, 1995. A new tool to assess the adulticidal efficacy in vivo of antifilarial drugs for Bancroftian filariasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 89 :225–226.
-
7
McCarthy JS, Guinea A, Weil GJ, Ottesen EA, 1995. Clearance of circulating filarial antigen as a measure of the macrofilaricidal activity of diethylcarbamazine in Wuchereria bancrofti infection. J Infect Dis 172 :521–526.
-
8
Eberhard ML, Hightower AW, Addiss DG, Lammie PJ, 1997. Clearance of Wuchereria bancrofti antigen after treatment with diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin. Am J Trop Med Hyg 57 :483–486.
-
9
Weil GJ, Lammie PJ, Richards FO Jr, Eberhard ML, 1991. Changes in circulating parasite antigen levels after treatment of Bancroftian filariasis with diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin. J Infect Dis 164 :814–816.
-
10
Ottesen EA, Skvaril F, Tripathy SP, Poindexter RW, Hussain R, 1985. Prominence of IgG4 in the IgG antibody response to human filariasis. J Immunol 134 :2707–2712.
-
11
Kwan-Lim GE, Forsyth KP, Maizels RM, 1990. Filarial-specific IgG4 response correlates with active Wuchereria bancrofti infection. J Immunol 145 :4298–4305.
-
12
Haarbrink M, Terhell A, Abadi K, van Beers S, Asri M, Yazdanbakhsh M, 1995. IgG4 antibody assay in the detection of filariasis (letter). Lancet 346 :853–854.
-
13
Kurniawan A, Yazdanbakhsh M, van Ree R, Aalberse R, Selkirk ME, Partono F, Maizels RM, 1993. Differential expression of IgE and IgG4 specific antibody responses in asymptomatic and chronic human filariasis. J Immunol 150 :3941–3950.
-
14
Mahanty S, Day KP, Alpers MP, Kazura JW, 1994. Anti-filarial IgG4 antibodies in children from filaria-endemic areas correlate with duration of infection and are dissociated from antifilarial IgE antibodies. J Infect Dis 170 :1339–1343.
-
15
Lammie PJ, Reiss MD, Dimock KA, Streit TG, Roberts JM, Eberhard ML, 1998. Longitudinal analysis of the development of filarial infection and antifilarial immunity in a cohort of Haitian children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :217–221.
-
16
Atmadja AK, Atkinson R, Sartono E, Partono F, Yazdanbakhsh M, Maizels RM, 1995. Differential decline in filaria-specific IgG1, IgG4, and IgE antibodies in Brugia malayi-infected patients after diethylcarbamazine chemotherapy. J Infect Dis 172 :1567–1572.
-
17
Wamae CN, Roberts JM, Eberhard ML, Lammie PJ, 1992. Kinetics of circulating human IgG4 after diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin treatment of Bancroftian filariasis. J Infect Dis 165 :1158–1160.
-
18
Partono F, Oemijati S, Hudojo, Joesoef A, Sajidiman H, Putrali J, Clarke MD, Carney WP, Cross JH, 1977. Malayan filariasis in central Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 8 :452–458.
-
19
Wv S, 1930. Onderzoek naar het voorkomen van filaria te Mamoedjoe. Geneeskundig Tijdschrift van Nederlands-Indië 70 :444–450.
-
20
Partono F, Hudojo, Oemijati, Sri, Noor N, Borahina, Cross, JH, Clarke MD, Irving GS, Duncan CF, 1972. Malayan filariasis in Margolembo, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 3 :537–547.
-
21
Terhell AJ, Price R, Koot JW, Abadi K, Yazdanbakhsh M, 2000. The development of specific IgG4 and IgE in a paediatric population is influenced by filarial endemicity and gender. Parasitology 121 :535–543.
-
22
Ramaprasad P, Prasad GB, Harinath BC, 1988. Microfilaraemia, filarial antibody, antigen and immune complex levels in human filariasis before, during and after DEC therapy. A two-year follow-up. Acta Trop 45 :245–255.
-
23
Meyrowitsch DW, Simonsen PE, 1998. Long-term effect of mass diethylcarbamazine chemotherapy on Bancroftian filariasis, results at four years after start of treatment. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 92 :98–103.
-
24
Padigel UM, Reddy MV, Alikhan A, Harinath BC, 1995. Immunomonitoring of filarial patients during DEC therapy in an endemic area: a seven-year follow-up. J Trop Med Hyg 98 :52–56.
-
25
Dissanayake S, 1989. Microfilaraemia, serum antibody and development of clinical disease in microfilaraemic subjects infected with Wuchereria bancrofti and treated with diethylcarbamazine citrate. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 83 :384–388.
-
26
Eberhard ML, Dickerson JW, Hightower AW, Lammie PJ, 1991. Bancroftian filariasis: long-term effects of treatment with diethylcarbamazine in a Haitian population. Am J Trop Med Hyg 45 :728–733.
-
27
Eberhard ML, Lammie PJ, Dickinson CM, Roberts JM, 1991. Evidence of nonsusceptibility to diethylcarbamazine in Wuchereria bancrofti. J Infect Dis 163 :1157–1160.
-
28
Noroes J, Dreyer G, Santos A, Mendes VG, Medeiros Z, Addiss D, 1997. Assessment of the efficacy of diethylcarbamazine on adult Wuchereria bancrofti in vivo. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91 :78–81.
-
29
Das PK, Ramaiah KD, Vanamail P, Pani SP, Yuvaraj J, Balarajan K, Bundy DA, 2001. Placebo-controlled community trial of four cycles of single-dose diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin against Wuchereria bancrofti infection and transmission in India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95 :336–341.
-
30
Terhell AJ, Haarbrink M, Abadi K, Syafruddin, Maizels RM, Yazdanbakhsh M, Sartono E, 2001. Adults acquire filarial infection more rapidly than children: a study in Indonesian transmigrants. Parasitology 122 :633–640.
-
31
Ottesen EA, Ismail MM, Horton J, 1999. The role of albendazole in programs to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. Parasitol Today 15 :382–386.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 20 | 20 | 4 |
| Full Text Views | 221 | 104 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 68 | 30 | 0 |
LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF TREATMENT WITH DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE ON ANTI-FILARIAL IgG4: DOSAGE, COMPLIANCE, AND DIFFERENTIAL PATTERNS IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN
A. J. TERHELL
A. J. TERHELL
Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Parasitology, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia
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M. HAARBRINK
M. HAARBRINK
Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Parasitology, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia
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A. VAN DEN BIGGELAAR
A. VAN DEN BIGGELAAR
Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Parasitology, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia
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A. MANGALI
A. MANGALI
Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Parasitology, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia
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E. SARTONO
E. SARTONO
Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Parasitology, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia
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M. YAZDANBAKHSH
M. YAZDANBAKHSH
Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Parasitology, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia
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We have followed a population in an area endemic for Brugia malayi for three years after intensive treatment with diethylcarbamazine (DEC). Microfilariae were cleared from the circulation within four months in all eligible study participants (n = 60). There appeared to be a strong correlation between the maximum reduction in specific IgG4 and the number of days drug was taken under supervision (ρ = 0.41, P < 0.001), indicating that high total dosage of DEC is necessary for optimal reduction of active infection. In individuals with good compliance (at least 180 mg/kg of body weight, n = 34), we observed variable IgG4 patterns. All pre-treatment IgG4+ children (9–14 years old) and 40% of the IgG4+ adult population (≥ 15 years old) showed a gradual decrease in anti-filarial IgG4; 53% of these showed complete clearance of worm burden by the end of the study. In contrast, another group of male IgG4+ adults showed IgG4 patterns that started to increase between nine months and two years after treatment, indicating either a partial efficacy of DEC that allowed recovery of resident adult worms or reinfection.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
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-
1
Ottesen EA, Ramachandran CP, 1995. Lymphatic filariasis infection and disease: control strategies. Parasitol Today 11 :129–131.
-
2
World Health Organization, 1992. Lymphatic filariasis: the disease and its control. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 821.
-
3
Ottesen EA, 1985. Efficacy of diethylcarbamazine in eradicating infection with lymphatic-dwelling filariae in humans. Rev Infect Dis 7 :341–356.
-
4
Maizels RM, Denham DA, 1992. Diethylcarbamazine (DEC): immunopharmacological interactions of an anti-filarial drug. Parasitology 105 :S49–60.
-
5
Tyagi K, Murthy PK, Chatterjee RK, 1994. Brugia malayi in Mastomys natalensis: influence of immunostimulators on exertion of antifilarial activity of diethylcarbamazine. Trop Med Parasitol 45 :24–26.
-
6
Dreyer G, Amaral F, Noroes J, Medeiros Z, Addiss D, 1995. A new tool to assess the adulticidal efficacy in vivo of antifilarial drugs for Bancroftian filariasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 89 :225–226.
-
7
McCarthy JS, Guinea A, Weil GJ, Ottesen EA, 1995. Clearance of circulating filarial antigen as a measure of the macrofilaricidal activity of diethylcarbamazine in Wuchereria bancrofti infection. J Infect Dis 172 :521–526.
-
8
Eberhard ML, Hightower AW, Addiss DG, Lammie PJ, 1997. Clearance of Wuchereria bancrofti antigen after treatment with diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin. Am J Trop Med Hyg 57 :483–486.
-
9
Weil GJ, Lammie PJ, Richards FO Jr, Eberhard ML, 1991. Changes in circulating parasite antigen levels after treatment of Bancroftian filariasis with diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin. J Infect Dis 164 :814–816.
-
10
Ottesen EA, Skvaril F, Tripathy SP, Poindexter RW, Hussain R, 1985. Prominence of IgG4 in the IgG antibody response to human filariasis. J Immunol 134 :2707–2712.
-
11
Kwan-Lim GE, Forsyth KP, Maizels RM, 1990. Filarial-specific IgG4 response correlates with active Wuchereria bancrofti infection. J Immunol 145 :4298–4305.
-
12
Haarbrink M, Terhell A, Abadi K, van Beers S, Asri M, Yazdanbakhsh M, 1995. IgG4 antibody assay in the detection of filariasis (letter). Lancet 346 :853–854.
-
13
Kurniawan A, Yazdanbakhsh M, van Ree R, Aalberse R, Selkirk ME, Partono F, Maizels RM, 1993. Differential expression of IgE and IgG4 specific antibody responses in asymptomatic and chronic human filariasis. J Immunol 150 :3941–3950.
-
14
Mahanty S, Day KP, Alpers MP, Kazura JW, 1994. Anti-filarial IgG4 antibodies in children from filaria-endemic areas correlate with duration of infection and are dissociated from antifilarial IgE antibodies. J Infect Dis 170 :1339–1343.
-
15
Lammie PJ, Reiss MD, Dimock KA, Streit TG, Roberts JM, Eberhard ML, 1998. Longitudinal analysis of the development of filarial infection and antifilarial immunity in a cohort of Haitian children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :217–221.
-
16
Atmadja AK, Atkinson R, Sartono E, Partono F, Yazdanbakhsh M, Maizels RM, 1995. Differential decline in filaria-specific IgG1, IgG4, and IgE antibodies in Brugia malayi-infected patients after diethylcarbamazine chemotherapy. J Infect Dis 172 :1567–1572.
-
17
Wamae CN, Roberts JM, Eberhard ML, Lammie PJ, 1992. Kinetics of circulating human IgG4 after diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin treatment of Bancroftian filariasis. J Infect Dis 165 :1158–1160.
-
18
Partono F, Oemijati S, Hudojo, Joesoef A, Sajidiman H, Putrali J, Clarke MD, Carney WP, Cross JH, 1977. Malayan filariasis in central Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 8 :452–458.
-
19
Wv S, 1930. Onderzoek naar het voorkomen van filaria te Mamoedjoe. Geneeskundig Tijdschrift van Nederlands-Indië 70 :444–450.
-
20
Partono F, Hudojo, Oemijati, Sri, Noor N, Borahina, Cross, JH, Clarke MD, Irving GS, Duncan CF, 1972. Malayan filariasis in Margolembo, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 3 :537–547.
-
21
Terhell AJ, Price R, Koot JW, Abadi K, Yazdanbakhsh M, 2000. The development of specific IgG4 and IgE in a paediatric population is influenced by filarial endemicity and gender. Parasitology 121 :535–543.
-
22
Ramaprasad P, Prasad GB, Harinath BC, 1988. Microfilaraemia, filarial antibody, antigen and immune complex levels in human filariasis before, during and after DEC therapy. A two-year follow-up. Acta Trop 45 :245–255.
-
23
Meyrowitsch DW, Simonsen PE, 1998. Long-term effect of mass diethylcarbamazine chemotherapy on Bancroftian filariasis, results at four years after start of treatment. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 92 :98–103.
-
24
Padigel UM, Reddy MV, Alikhan A, Harinath BC, 1995. Immunomonitoring of filarial patients during DEC therapy in an endemic area: a seven-year follow-up. J Trop Med Hyg 98 :52–56.
-
25
Dissanayake S, 1989. Microfilaraemia, serum antibody and development of clinical disease in microfilaraemic subjects infected with Wuchereria bancrofti and treated with diethylcarbamazine citrate. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 83 :384–388.
-
26
Eberhard ML, Dickerson JW, Hightower AW, Lammie PJ, 1991. Bancroftian filariasis: long-term effects of treatment with diethylcarbamazine in a Haitian population. Am J Trop Med Hyg 45 :728–733.
-
27
Eberhard ML, Lammie PJ, Dickinson CM, Roberts JM, 1991. Evidence of nonsusceptibility to diethylcarbamazine in Wuchereria bancrofti. J Infect Dis 163 :1157–1160.
-
28
Noroes J, Dreyer G, Santos A, Mendes VG, Medeiros Z, Addiss D, 1997. Assessment of the efficacy of diethylcarbamazine on adult Wuchereria bancrofti in vivo. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91 :78–81.
-
29
Das PK, Ramaiah KD, Vanamail P, Pani SP, Yuvaraj J, Balarajan K, Bundy DA, 2001. Placebo-controlled community trial of four cycles of single-dose diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin against Wuchereria bancrofti infection and transmission in India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95 :336–341.
-
30
Terhell AJ, Haarbrink M, Abadi K, Syafruddin, Maizels RM, Yazdanbakhsh M, Sartono E, 2001. Adults acquire filarial infection more rapidly than children: a study in Indonesian transmigrants. Parasitology 122 :633–640.
-
31
Ottesen EA, Ismail MM, Horton J, 1999. The role of albendazole in programs to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. Parasitol Today 15 :382–386.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 20 | 20 | 4 |
| Full Text Views | 221 | 104 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 68 | 30 | 0 |