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-
1
Mackowiak PA, Wasserman SS, Levine MM, 1992. An analysis of the quantitative relation between oral temperature and severity of illness in experimental Shigellosis. J Infect Dis 166 :1181–1184.
-
2
World Health Organization, 1990. Severe and complicated malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 84 (Suppl 2) :1–65.
-
3
Newton CR, Krishna S, 1998. Severe falciparum malaria in children: current understanding of pathophysiology and supportive treatment. Pharmacol Ther 79 :1–53.
-
4
Krosgstad DJ, 2000. Plasmodium species (Malaria). Bennet JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Volume 2. Fifth edition. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, 2817-2831.
-
5
Opal SM, Cohen JC, 1999. Clinical gram-positive sepsis: does it fundamentally differ from gram-negative bacterial sepsis? Crit Care Med 27 :1608–1616.
-
6
Bates CA, Kwiatkowski D, 1994. Inhibitory immunoglobulin M antibodies to tumor necrosis factor-inducing toxins in patients with malaria. Infect Immun 62 :3086–3091.
-
7
Karunaweera ND, Carter R, Grau GE, Kwiatkowski D, Del Giudice G, Mendis KN, 1992. Tumor necrosis factor-dependent parasite-killing effects during paroxysms in non-immune Plasmodium vivax malaria patients. Clin Exp Immunol 88 :499–505.
-
8
Karunaweera ND, Grau GE, Gamage P, Carter R, Mendis KN, 1992. Dynamics of fever and serum TNF levels are closely associated during clinical paroxysms in Plasmodium vivax malaria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 :3200–3203.
-
9
Clark IA, Rockett KA, Cowden WB, 1992. TNF in malaria. Beutler B, ed. Tumor Necrosis Factors: The Molecules and Their Emerging Role in Medicine. New York: Raven Press, 303-328.
-
10
Karunaweera ND, Carter R, Mendis KN, 1998. Demonstration of anti-disease immunity to Plasmodium vivax malaria in Sri Lanka using a quantitative method to assess clinical disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58 :204–210.
-
11
Mendis KN, Carter R, 1992. The role of cytokines in Plasmodium vivax malaria. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 87 (Suppl 3) :51–55.
-
12
Netea MG, Kulberg BJ, van der Meer JWM, 2000. Circulating cytokines as mediators of fever. Clin Infect Dis 31 (Suppl 5) :S178–S184.
-
13
Roth J, Markin D, Storr B, Zeisberger E, 1998. Neutralization of pyrogen-induced tumor necrosis factor by its type 1 soluble receptor in guinea pigs: effects on fever and interleukin-6 release. J Physiol 509 :267–275.
-
14
Krogstad DJ, 2000. Malaria. Goldman L, Bennett JC, eds. Cecil Textbook of Medicine. Volume 2. 21st edition. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1947-1951.
-
15
Tracey KJ, Lowry SF, 1990. The role of cytokine mediators in septic shock. Adv Surg 23 :21–36.
-
16
Blatteis CM, Sehic E, Li S, 2000. Pyrogen sensing and signaling: old views and new concepts. Clin Infect Dis 31 (Suppl 5) :S168–S177.
-
17
Brown AE, Teja-Isavadham P, Webster HK, 1991. Macrophage activation in vivax malaria fever is associated with increased levels of neopterin and interferon-gamma. Parasitol Immunol 13 :673–679.
-
18
Zetterstrom M, Sundgren-Andersson AK, Ostlund P, Bartfai T, 1998. Delination of the proinflammatory cytokine cascade in fever induction. Ann NY Acad Sci 856 :48–52.
-
19
Dinarello CA, 1999. Cytokines as endogenous pyrogens. J Infect Dis 179 (Suppl 2) :S294–S304.
-
20
Walley KR, Lukacs NW, Standiford TG, Streiter RM, 1996. Balance of inflammatory cytokines related to severity and mortality of murine sepsis. Infect Immun 64 :4733–4738.
-
21
Crokie EP, 1988. Analytical review of structure and regulation of hemopoiesis. Blood Cells 14 :313–316.
-
22
Suwa T, Hogg JC, English D, van Eeden SF, 2000. Interleukin-6 induces demargination of intravascular neutrophils and shorten their transit in marrow. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 279 :H2952–H2960.
-
23
Prybylski D, Khaliq A, Fox E, Sarwari A, Strikland TG, 1999. Parasite density and malaria morbidity in the Pakistani Punjab. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :791–801.
-
24
Kamolratanakul P, Dhanumun B, Lertmaharitis S, 1992. Malaria in rural area of eastern Thailand: baseline epidemiological studies at Bo Thong. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 23 :783–787.
-
25
Oh MD, Shin H, Shin D, Kim U, Lee S, Kim N, Choi MH, Chai JY, Choe K, 2001. Clinical features of vivax malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :143–146.
-
26
Romanovsky AA, Ivanov AI, Szekely M, 2000. Neural route of pyrogen signaling to the brain. Clin Infect Dis 31 (Suppl 5) S162–S167.
-
27
Tatro JB, 2000. Endogenous antipyretics. Clin Infect Dis 31 (Suppl 5) :S190–S201.
-
28
Landgrat B, Kollaritsch H, Wiedermann G, Wernsdorfer WH, 1994. Parasite density of Plasmodium falciparum in Ghanaian schoolchildren: evidence for influence of sex hormones? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88 :73–74.
-
29
Hazra BR, Chowdhury RS, Saha SK, Ghosh MB, Mazumder AK, 1998. Changing scenario of malaria: a study at Calcutta. Indian J Malariol 35 :111–116.
-
30
Walker AJ, 1950. Malaria. Pullen RL, ed. Communicable Diseases. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 853-860.
-
31
Kwiatkowski D, Cannon JG, Manogue KR, Cerami A, Dinarello CA, Greenwood BM, 1989. Tumor necrosis factor production in falciparum malaria and its association with schizont rupture. Clin Exp Immunol 77 :361–366.
-
32
Richards AL, 1997. Tumor necrosis factor and associated cytokines in the host’s response to malaria. Int J Parasitol 27 :1251–1263.
-
33
Butcher GA, Garland G, Ajdukiewicz AB, Clark IA, 1990. Serum tumor necrosis factor associated with malaria in patients in the Solomon Islands. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 84 :658–661.
-
34
Wijesekera SK, Carter R, Rathnayaka L, Mendis KN, 1996. A malaraial parasite toxin associated with Plasmodium vivax paroxysms. Clin Exp Immunol 104 :221–227.
-
35
Jason J, Archibald LK, Nwanyanwu OC, Bell M,Buchanan I, Larned J, Kazembe PN, Dobbie H, Parekh B, Byrd MG, Eick A, Han A, 2001. Cytokines and malaria parasitemia. Clin Immunol 100 :208–218.
-
36
Kluger MG, 1991. Fever: role of pyrogens and cryogens. Physiol Rev 71 :93–127.
-
37
Adak T, Sharma VP, Orlov VS, 1998. Studies of Plasmodium vivax relapse pattern in Delhi, India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :175–179.
-
38
Barnova AM, Sergiev VP, 1995. Changes in the manifestations of tertian malaria on the territory of the CIS nations. Med Parazitol 1 :11–13.
-
39
Chai JY, 1999. Re-emerging Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Republic of Korea. Korean J Parasitol 37 :129–143.
-
40
Kim MB, 2000. Epidemiologic characteristics of malaria in non-malarious area, Jeollabukdo, Korea. Korean J Parasitol 39 :223–226.
-
41
Park JW, Moon AH, Yeom JS, Lim KJ, Sohn MJ, Jung WC, Cho YJ, Jeon KW, Ju W,Ki CS, Oh MD, Choe K, 2001. Naturally acquired antibody responses to the C-terminal region of merozoite surface protein 1 of Plasmodium vivax in Korea. Clin Diag Lab Immunol 8 :14–20.
-
42
Lee JS, Kho WG, Lee HW, Seo M, Lee WJ, 1998. Current status of vivax malaria among civilians in Korea. Korean J Parasitol 36 :241–248.
-
43
Bradford VP, Graham BP, Reinert KG, 1993. Accuracy of self-reported health histories: a study. Mil Med 158 :263–265.
-
44
Yoshika TT, Turner JA, 1980. Common protozoan infections. Yoshika TT, Chow AW, Guzz LB, eds. Infectious Diseases. Diagnosis and Management. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 613-633.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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SERUM CYTOKINE PROFILES IN PATIENTS WITH PLASMODIUM VIVAX MALARIA: A COMPARISON BETWEEN THOSE WHO PRESENTED WITH AND WITHOUT HYPERPYREXIA
JU-YOUNG SEOH
JU-YOUNG SEOH
Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine, and Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Korean Armed Forces Medical Command, Seongnam, Korea; Department of Microbiology, Gachon Medical School, Inchon, Korea
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MOHAMMAD KHAN
MOHAMMAD KHAN
Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine, and Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Korean Armed Forces Medical Command, Seongnam, Korea; Department of Microbiology, Gachon Medical School, Inchon, Korea
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SE-HO PARK
SE-HO PARK
Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine, and Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Korean Armed Forces Medical Command, Seongnam, Korea; Department of Microbiology, Gachon Medical School, Inchon, Korea
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HAE-KYUNG PARK
HAE-KYUNG PARK
Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine, and Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Korean Armed Forces Medical Command, Seongnam, Korea; Department of Microbiology, Gachon Medical School, Inchon, Korea
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MYONG-HEON SHIN
MYONG-HEON SHIN
Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine, and Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Korean Armed Forces Medical Command, Seongnam, Korea; Department of Microbiology, Gachon Medical School, Inchon, Korea
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EUN-HEE HA
EUN-HEE HA
Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine, and Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Korean Armed Forces Medical Command, Seongnam, Korea; Department of Microbiology, Gachon Medical School, Inchon, Korea
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BO-EUN LEE
BO-EUN LEE
Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine, and Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Korean Armed Forces Medical Command, Seongnam, Korea; Department of Microbiology, Gachon Medical School, Inchon, Korea
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KWON YOO
KWON YOO
Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine, and Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Korean Armed Forces Medical Command, Seongnam, Korea; Department of Microbiology, Gachon Medical School, Inchon, Korea
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HO-SEONG HAN
HO-SEONG HAN
Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine, and Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Korean Armed Forces Medical Command, Seongnam, Korea; Department of Microbiology, Gachon Medical School, Inchon, Korea
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SEJOONG OH
SEJOONG OH
Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine, and Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Korean Armed Forces Medical Command, Seongnam, Korea; Department of Microbiology, Gachon Medical School, Inchon, Korea
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JUN-HWAN WI
JUN-HWAN WI
Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine, and Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Korean Armed Forces Medical Command, Seongnam, Korea; Department of Microbiology, Gachon Medical School, Inchon, Korea
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CHANG-KWON HONG
CHANG-KWON HONG
Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine, and Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Korean Armed Forces Medical Command, Seongnam, Korea; Department of Microbiology, Gachon Medical School, Inchon, Korea
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CHANG-HYUN OH
CHANG-HYUN OH
Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine, and Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Korean Armed Forces Medical Command, Seongnam, Korea; Department of Microbiology, Gachon Medical School, Inchon, Korea
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YOUNG-A KIM
YOUNG-A KIM
Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine, and Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Korean Armed Forces Medical Command, Seongnam, Korea; Department of Microbiology, Gachon Medical School, Inchon, Korea
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JAE-WON PARK
JAE-WON PARK
Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine, and Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Korean Armed Forces Medical Command, Seongnam, Korea; Department of Microbiology, Gachon Medical School, Inchon, Korea
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Serum cytokine profiles in patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria who presented with and without hyperpyrexia were compared by a retrospective review of the medical records of the consecutive patients seen at the military hospitals near the demilitarized zone in the Republic of Korea from April 2000 through October 2001. Of 162 male patients studied, 120 (86.4%) presented with hyperpyrexia (i.e., an axillary temperature ≥ 40°C). The mean ± SEM ages of the patients with and without hyperpyrexia were 21.5 ± 0.14 and 21.9 ± 0.39 years, respectively (P = 0.33). The mean ± SEM concentrations of serum interleukin (IL)-6 (379.7 ± 44.1 pg/mL versus 105.4 ± 26.8 pg/mL; P = 0.002), IL-10 (583.4 ± 58.2 pg/mL versus 142.4 ± 39.7 pg/mL; P = 0.0001), and interferon-𝛄 (312.6 ± 33.9 pg/mL versus 112.9 ± 27.1 pg/mL; P = 0.0001) were significantly higher in patients with hyperpyrexia compared with those without hyperpyrexia. The mean ± SEM concentrations of serum tumor necrosis factor-α were 155.5 ± 54.5 pg/mL and 109.9 ± 29.3 pg/mL (P = 0.27) in patients who presented with and without hyperpyrexia, respectively. Further studies are needed to examine whether serum concentrations of these cytokines also parallel their concentrations at the tissue sites of their production and action.
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-
1
Mackowiak PA, Wasserman SS, Levine MM, 1992. An analysis of the quantitative relation between oral temperature and severity of illness in experimental Shigellosis. J Infect Dis 166 :1181–1184.
-
2
World Health Organization, 1990. Severe and complicated malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 84 (Suppl 2) :1–65.
-
3
Newton CR, Krishna S, 1998. Severe falciparum malaria in children: current understanding of pathophysiology and supportive treatment. Pharmacol Ther 79 :1–53.
-
4
Krosgstad DJ, 2000. Plasmodium species (Malaria). Bennet JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Volume 2. Fifth edition. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, 2817-2831.
-
5
Opal SM, Cohen JC, 1999. Clinical gram-positive sepsis: does it fundamentally differ from gram-negative bacterial sepsis? Crit Care Med 27 :1608–1616.
-
6
Bates CA, Kwiatkowski D, 1994. Inhibitory immunoglobulin M antibodies to tumor necrosis factor-inducing toxins in patients with malaria. Infect Immun 62 :3086–3091.
-
7
Karunaweera ND, Carter R, Grau GE, Kwiatkowski D, Del Giudice G, Mendis KN, 1992. Tumor necrosis factor-dependent parasite-killing effects during paroxysms in non-immune Plasmodium vivax malaria patients. Clin Exp Immunol 88 :499–505.
-
8
Karunaweera ND, Grau GE, Gamage P, Carter R, Mendis KN, 1992. Dynamics of fever and serum TNF levels are closely associated during clinical paroxysms in Plasmodium vivax malaria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 :3200–3203.
-
9
Clark IA, Rockett KA, Cowden WB, 1992. TNF in malaria. Beutler B, ed. Tumor Necrosis Factors: The Molecules and Their Emerging Role in Medicine. New York: Raven Press, 303-328.
-
10
Karunaweera ND, Carter R, Mendis KN, 1998. Demonstration of anti-disease immunity to Plasmodium vivax malaria in Sri Lanka using a quantitative method to assess clinical disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58 :204–210.
-
11
Mendis KN, Carter R, 1992. The role of cytokines in Plasmodium vivax malaria. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 87 (Suppl 3) :51–55.
-
12
Netea MG, Kulberg BJ, van der Meer JWM, 2000. Circulating cytokines as mediators of fever. Clin Infect Dis 31 (Suppl 5) :S178–S184.
-
13
Roth J, Markin D, Storr B, Zeisberger E, 1998. Neutralization of pyrogen-induced tumor necrosis factor by its type 1 soluble receptor in guinea pigs: effects on fever and interleukin-6 release. J Physiol 509 :267–275.
-
14
Krogstad DJ, 2000. Malaria. Goldman L, Bennett JC, eds. Cecil Textbook of Medicine. Volume 2. 21st edition. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1947-1951.
-
15
Tracey KJ, Lowry SF, 1990. The role of cytokine mediators in septic shock. Adv Surg 23 :21–36.
-
16
Blatteis CM, Sehic E, Li S, 2000. Pyrogen sensing and signaling: old views and new concepts. Clin Infect Dis 31 (Suppl 5) :S168–S177.
-
17
Brown AE, Teja-Isavadham P, Webster HK, 1991. Macrophage activation in vivax malaria fever is associated with increased levels of neopterin and interferon-gamma. Parasitol Immunol 13 :673–679.
-
18
Zetterstrom M, Sundgren-Andersson AK, Ostlund P, Bartfai T, 1998. Delination of the proinflammatory cytokine cascade in fever induction. Ann NY Acad Sci 856 :48–52.
-
19
Dinarello CA, 1999. Cytokines as endogenous pyrogens. J Infect Dis 179 (Suppl 2) :S294–S304.
-
20
Walley KR, Lukacs NW, Standiford TG, Streiter RM, 1996. Balance of inflammatory cytokines related to severity and mortality of murine sepsis. Infect Immun 64 :4733–4738.
-
21
Crokie EP, 1988. Analytical review of structure and regulation of hemopoiesis. Blood Cells 14 :313–316.
-
22
Suwa T, Hogg JC, English D, van Eeden SF, 2000. Interleukin-6 induces demargination of intravascular neutrophils and shorten their transit in marrow. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 279 :H2952–H2960.
-
23
Prybylski D, Khaliq A, Fox E, Sarwari A, Strikland TG, 1999. Parasite density and malaria morbidity in the Pakistani Punjab. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :791–801.
-
24
Kamolratanakul P, Dhanumun B, Lertmaharitis S, 1992. Malaria in rural area of eastern Thailand: baseline epidemiological studies at Bo Thong. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 23 :783–787.
-
25
Oh MD, Shin H, Shin D, Kim U, Lee S, Kim N, Choi MH, Chai JY, Choe K, 2001. Clinical features of vivax malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :143–146.
-
26
Romanovsky AA, Ivanov AI, Szekely M, 2000. Neural route of pyrogen signaling to the brain. Clin Infect Dis 31 (Suppl 5) S162–S167.
-
27
Tatro JB, 2000. Endogenous antipyretics. Clin Infect Dis 31 (Suppl 5) :S190–S201.
-
28
Landgrat B, Kollaritsch H, Wiedermann G, Wernsdorfer WH, 1994. Parasite density of Plasmodium falciparum in Ghanaian schoolchildren: evidence for influence of sex hormones? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88 :73–74.
-
29
Hazra BR, Chowdhury RS, Saha SK, Ghosh MB, Mazumder AK, 1998. Changing scenario of malaria: a study at Calcutta. Indian J Malariol 35 :111–116.
-
30
Walker AJ, 1950. Malaria. Pullen RL, ed. Communicable Diseases. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 853-860.
-
31
Kwiatkowski D, Cannon JG, Manogue KR, Cerami A, Dinarello CA, Greenwood BM, 1989. Tumor necrosis factor production in falciparum malaria and its association with schizont rupture. Clin Exp Immunol 77 :361–366.
-
32
Richards AL, 1997. Tumor necrosis factor and associated cytokines in the host’s response to malaria. Int J Parasitol 27 :1251–1263.
-
33
Butcher GA, Garland G, Ajdukiewicz AB, Clark IA, 1990. Serum tumor necrosis factor associated with malaria in patients in the Solomon Islands. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 84 :658–661.
-
34
Wijesekera SK, Carter R, Rathnayaka L, Mendis KN, 1996. A malaraial parasite toxin associated with Plasmodium vivax paroxysms. Clin Exp Immunol 104 :221–227.
-
35
Jason J, Archibald LK, Nwanyanwu OC, Bell M,Buchanan I, Larned J, Kazembe PN, Dobbie H, Parekh B, Byrd MG, Eick A, Han A, 2001. Cytokines and malaria parasitemia. Clin Immunol 100 :208–218.
-
36
Kluger MG, 1991. Fever: role of pyrogens and cryogens. Physiol Rev 71 :93–127.
-
37
Adak T, Sharma VP, Orlov VS, 1998. Studies of Plasmodium vivax relapse pattern in Delhi, India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :175–179.
-
38
Barnova AM, Sergiev VP, 1995. Changes in the manifestations of tertian malaria on the territory of the CIS nations. Med Parazitol 1 :11–13.
-
39
Chai JY, 1999. Re-emerging Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Republic of Korea. Korean J Parasitol 37 :129–143.
-
40
Kim MB, 2000. Epidemiologic characteristics of malaria in non-malarious area, Jeollabukdo, Korea. Korean J Parasitol 39 :223–226.
-
41
Park JW, Moon AH, Yeom JS, Lim KJ, Sohn MJ, Jung WC, Cho YJ, Jeon KW, Ju W,Ki CS, Oh MD, Choe K, 2001. Naturally acquired antibody responses to the C-terminal region of merozoite surface protein 1 of Plasmodium vivax in Korea. Clin Diag Lab Immunol 8 :14–20.
-
42
Lee JS, Kho WG, Lee HW, Seo M, Lee WJ, 1998. Current status of vivax malaria among civilians in Korea. Korean J Parasitol 36 :241–248.
-
43
Bradford VP, Graham BP, Reinert KG, 1993. Accuracy of self-reported health histories: a study. Mil Med 158 :263–265.
-
44
Yoshika TT, Turner JA, 1980. Common protozoan infections. Yoshika TT, Chow AW, Guzz LB, eds. Infectious Diseases. Diagnosis and Management. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 613-633.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 20 | 20 | 4 |
| Full Text Views | 200 | 77 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 43 | 16 | 0 |