| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1233 | 934 | 62 |
| Full Text Views | 785 | 25 | 6 |
| PDF Downloads | 388 | 19 | 2 |
An outbreak of West Nile virus in a New York City captive wildlife population.
George V Ludwig
George V Ludwig
Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21702-5011, USA. george.ludwig@det.amedd.army.mil
Search for other papers by George V Ludwig in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by George V Ludwig in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Paul P Calle
Paul P Calle
Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21702-5011, USA. george.ludwig@det.amedd.army.mil
Search for other papers by Paul P Calle in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Paul P Calle in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Joseph A Mangiafico
Joseph A Mangiafico
Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21702-5011, USA. george.ludwig@det.amedd.army.mil
Search for other papers by Joseph A Mangiafico in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Joseph A Mangiafico in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Bonnie L Raphael
Bonnie L Raphael
Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21702-5011, USA. george.ludwig@det.amedd.army.mil
Search for other papers by Bonnie L Raphael in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Bonnie L Raphael in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Denise K Danner
Denise K Danner
Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21702-5011, USA. george.ludwig@det.amedd.army.mil
Search for other papers by Denise K Danner in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Denise K Danner in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Julie A Hile
Julie A Hile
Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21702-5011, USA. george.ludwig@det.amedd.army.mil
Search for other papers by Julie A Hile in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Julie A Hile in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Tracy L Clippinger
Tracy L Clippinger
Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21702-5011, USA. george.ludwig@det.amedd.army.mil
Search for other papers by Tracy L Clippinger in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Tracy L Clippinger in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Jonathan F Smith
Jonathan F Smith
Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21702-5011, USA. george.ludwig@det.amedd.army.mil
Search for other papers by Jonathan F Smith in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jonathan F Smith in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Robert A Cook
Robert A Cook
Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21702-5011, USA. george.ludwig@det.amedd.army.mil
Search for other papers by Robert A Cook in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Robert A Cook in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Tracey McNamara
Tracey McNamara
Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21702-5011, USA. george.ludwig@det.amedd.army.mil
Search for other papers by Tracey McNamara in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Tracey McNamara in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
An outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) in and around New York City during the late summer of 1999 was the cause of extensive mortality among free-ranging birds. Within the Bronx Zoo/Wildlife Conservation Park, viral activity was also observed and produced some morbidity and mortality among specimens in the zoo's bird collection and probably caused morbidity in at least one specimen from the zoo's mammal collection. To determine the extent of the outbreak and attempt to ascertain the temporal appearance of virus within the park, a serologic survey of birds and mammals was performed. The survey showed that 34% of tested birds (125 of 368; 124 species) were positive for antibody to WNV. The virus caused a disease to infection ratio of 22% (27 of 125) among birds with a 70% (19 of 27) case fatality rate. In contrast, only 8% of the mammals (9 of 117; 35 species) possessed antibody to WNV and there was no virus-associated mortality. Testing of banked and fresh sera obtained from both birds and mammals revealed that there was no evidence of WNV circulation before the 1999 outbreak and that birds introduced into the park were not the source of the New York outbreak. West Nile virus RNA was detected in tissues from one bird that died in February 2000, long after the end of the mosquito transmission season. The potential importance of zoologic parks as possible sentinels for emerging diseases is discussed.
Author Notes
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1233 | 934 | 62 |
| Full Text Views | 785 | 25 | 6 |
| PDF Downloads | 388 | 19 | 2 |