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Effect of Piped Water Supply on Human Water Contact Patterns in a Schistosoma haematobium-Endemic Area in Coast Province, Kenya
Shinichi Noda
Shinichi Noda
Department of Medical Zoology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Department of Parasitology and Tropical Public Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Masaaki Shimada
Masaaki Shimada
Department of Medical Zoology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Department of Parasitology and Tropical Public Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Ngethe D. Muhoho
Ngethe D. Muhoho
Department of Medical Zoology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Department of Parasitology and Tropical Public Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Katsuyuki Sato
Katsuyuki Sato
Department of Medical Zoology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Department of Parasitology and Tropical Public Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Francis B. M. Kiliku
Francis B. M. Kiliku
Department of Medical Zoology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Department of Parasitology and Tropical Public Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Simon M. Gatika
Simon M. Gatika
Department of Medical Zoology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Department of Parasitology and Tropical Public Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Peter G. Waiyaki
Peter G. Waiyaki
Department of Medical Zoology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Department of Parasitology and Tropical Public Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Yoshiki Aoki
Yoshiki Aoki
Department of Medical Zoology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Department of Parasitology and Tropical Public Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Kagoshima, Japan
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The effect of a piped water supply on human water contact in a Schistosoma haematobium-endemic area in Coast Province, Kenya was studied. After the construction of five community standpipes and one shower unit, there was a 35.1% reduction in the number of people observed using river water, a 44.1% reduction in the frequency of contact with river water, and a 25.4% reduction in the amount of contact. The frequency of river water contact per person also decreased significantly, but the amount of contact per person did not decrease. The total frequency of contact decreased significantly except for washing clothes by the river, washing utensils, and fishing. The frequency per person did not change for most of the activities and significantly increased for washing clothes. The frequency of river water contact in households with high piped water consumption showed a significant decrease compared with those with low piped water consumption. The volume of consumption of piped water was inversely proportional to the distance from the home to the community standpipe. These results indicate that in the study area, the effect of a piped water supply on river water contact behavior was heterologous while the total river water contact decreased significantly, and that the piped water had a beneficial effect on some villagers but very little effect on others.
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| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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