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Japanese Encephalitis Virus-Specific Proliferative Responses of Human Peripheral Blood T Lymphocytes
Eiji Konishi
Eiji Konishi
Department of Medical Zoology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Kobe, Japan
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Ichiro Kurane
Ichiro Kurane
Department of Medical Zoology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Kobe, Japan
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Peter W. Mason
Peter W. Mason
Department of Medical Zoology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Kobe, Japan
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Bruce L. Innis
Bruce L. Innis
Department of Medical Zoology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Kobe, Japan
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Francis A. Ennis
Francis A. Ennis
Department of Medical Zoology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Kobe, Japan
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The T lymphocytes play an important role in prevention and recovery from viral infections. To characterize T lymphocyte responses to Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus infections, we analyzed JE virus-specific T lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from seven JE patients and 10 vaccinees who had received a formalin-inactivated, purified JE virus vaccine (Biken vaccine). These PBMC were examined for proliferative responses against live JE virus, a glutaraldehyde-fixed lysate of cells infected with JE virus, and extracellular particles (EPs; subviral membrane vesicles released from cells infected with recombinant vaccinia viruses encoding the JE virus premembrane and envelope proteins). Japanese encephalitis virus-specific T cell proliferation was demonstrated with PBMC from both patients and vaccinees after stimulation with infectious JE virus or the lysate of JE virus-infected cells. Proliferating PBMC included CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD8+ T lymphocytes in responses to either form of JE viral antigens. Responses to EPs were observed only with PBMC from some American vaccinees whose PBMC also responded to the virus and lysate. These results indicate that JE virus infection and immunization with an inactivated JE vaccine induce JE virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T memory lymphocytes that can be induced to proliferate by infectious JE virus and noninfectious JE antigens.
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