Pathology of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi Infection in Bandicota savilei, a Natural Host in Thailand

Daniel Strickman Department of Medical Entomology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Army Medical Component (USAMC), Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Royal Thai Army Component, AFRIMS, Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Department of Rickettsial Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bangkok, Thailand

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C. Dahlem Smith Department of Medical Entomology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Army Medical Component (USAMC), Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Royal Thai Army Component, AFRIMS, Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Department of Rickettsial Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bangkok, Thailand

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Kevin D. Corcoran Department of Medical Entomology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Army Medical Component (USAMC), Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Royal Thai Army Component, AFRIMS, Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Department of Rickettsial Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bangkok, Thailand

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Montip Ngampochjana Department of Medical Entomology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Army Medical Component (USAMC), Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Royal Thai Army Component, AFRIMS, Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Department of Rickettsial Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bangkok, Thailand

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Pochaman Watcharapichat Department of Medical Entomology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Army Medical Component (USAMC), Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Royal Thai Army Component, AFRIMS, Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Department of Rickettsial Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bangkok, Thailand

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Duangporn Phulsuksombati Department of Medical Entomology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Army Medical Component (USAMC), Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Royal Thai Army Component, AFRIMS, Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Department of Rickettsial Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bangkok, Thailand

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Panita Tanskul Department of Medical Entomology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Army Medical Component (USAMC), Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Royal Thai Army Component, AFRIMS, Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Department of Rickettsial Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bangkok, Thailand

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Gregory A. Dasch Department of Medical Entomology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Army Medical Component (USAMC), Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Royal Thai Army Component, AFRIMS, Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Department of Rickettsial Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bangkok, Thailand

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Daryl J. Kelly Department of Medical Entomology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Army Medical Component (USAMC), Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Royal Thai Army Component, AFRIMS, Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Department of Rickettsial Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bangkok, Thailand

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1994.51.416
Volume/Issue:
Volume 51: Issue 4
Page(s):
416–423
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Following rodent surveys in a rice-growing area of central Thailand where we found Bandicota savilei, B. indica, and Rattus rattus infected with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, we performed a study of pathogenesis of R. tsutsugamushi in laboratory-reared B. savilei. Eight animals were injected with saline and 19 animals were injected with 4.0 × 106 mouse 50% lethal dose units of a strain of R. tsutsugamushi isolated from a human in central Thailand. Animals were evaluated at intervals for IgG and IgM antibodies to R. tsutsugamushi by an indirect immunoperoxidase assay, the presence of the pathogen in liver and spleen by murine inoculation, and the pathology of representative tissues by gross and microscopic examination. The infected animals began to show internal evidence of mild illness 7–14 days after inoculation, and exhibited no changes in behavior. Total white blood cell counts decreased on day seven (including lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes), followed by an almost equal increase on day 14. Gross pathology noted at necropsy was limited to slight liver and spleen enlargement accompanied by low numbers of abscesses and fibrinous tags present in the abdominal cavity. In addition to the gross morphologic changes, histopathologic lesions noted were all mild, consisting of vasculitis of the lung, activation of the mononuclear phagocyte system, abdominal mesothelial cell hyperplasia, and peritonitis. Rickettsiae were isolated from liver and spleen on days 0, 7, and 14, but not thereafter. Specific antibody response was first observed on day 14, peaked on day 21, and it decreased to levels observed in uninfected animals between days 120 and 180. The course of infection in B. savilei was less prolonged and more pathologic than that reported in wild southeast Asian Rattus species.
Copyright:
Copyright © 1994 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1994
Published Online:
Oct 1994
Cover The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Print ISSN:
0002-9637
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