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Transmission of Plasmodium Vivax Malaria in San Diego County, California, 1986
Yvonne A. Maldonado
Yvonne A. Maldonado
Infectious Disease Branch, California Department of Health Services, Division of Field Services, Epidemiology Program Office, Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, San Diego County Department of Health Services, Berkeley, California
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Bernard L. Nahlen
Bernard L. Nahlen
Infectious Disease Branch, California Department of Health Services, Division of Field Services, Epidemiology Program Office, Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, San Diego County Department of Health Services, Berkeley, California
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Ronald R. Roberto
Ronald R. Roberto
Infectious Disease Branch, California Department of Health Services, Division of Field Services, Epidemiology Program Office, Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, San Diego County Department of Health Services, Berkeley, California
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Michele Ginsberg
Michele Ginsberg
Infectious Disease Branch, California Department of Health Services, Division of Field Services, Epidemiology Program Office, Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, San Diego County Department of Health Services, Berkeley, California
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Eugenia Orellana
Eugenia Orellana
Infectious Disease Branch, California Department of Health Services, Division of Field Services, Epidemiology Program Office, Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, San Diego County Department of Health Services, Berkeley, California
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Moise Mizrahi
Moise Mizrahi
Infectious Disease Branch, California Department of Health Services, Division of Field Services, Epidemiology Program Office, Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, San Diego County Department of Health Services, Berkeley, California
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Keith McBarron
Keith McBarron
Infectious Disease Branch, California Department of Health Services, Division of Field Services, Epidemiology Program Office, Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, San Diego County Department of Health Services, Berkeley, California
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Hans O. Lobel
Hans O. Lobel
Infectious Disease Branch, California Department of Health Services, Division of Field Services, Epidemiology Program Office, Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, San Diego County Department of Health Services, Berkeley, California
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Carlos C. Campbell
Carlos C. Campbell
Infectious Disease Branch, California Department of Health Services, Division of Field Services, Epidemiology Program Office, Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, San Diego County Department of Health Services, Berkeley, California
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Between 18 June and 20 September 1986, 28 cases of Plasmodium vivax malaria were documented in Carlsbad, California, a coastal town north of San Diego. Malaria occurred in 1 local resident who had no risk factors, a second local resident who had traveled to a malarious area 9 months earlier, and 26 Mexican migrant workers (MWs). Among the 28 cases, 27 lived in a square mile marshy area where Anopheles hermsi, a newly described American species of the Anopheles maculipennis group, was known to be breeding. An investigation of MWs residing in the affected area was done to determine the extent of the outbreak and to identify risk factors for acquiring malaria. We interviewed and drew blood from 304 healthy MWs and 17 (65%) of the MWs with malaria. Fluorescent antibody titers to P. vivax ≥1:256 occurred in 14 (82%) of the 17 MWs with malaria tested and 9 (3%) of the healthy MWs. The principal risk factor identified for contracting malaria was sleeping outside on a hillside adjacent to the marshy area. Malaria in a local resident with no malaria risk factors and the clustering in time and place of 26 cases suggest that P. vivax malaria was introduced and local transmission was sustained through several generations, producing the largest outbreak of introduced malaria in the United States since 1952.
Author Notes
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 1310 | 968 | 60 |
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