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Transmission of Onchocerca Volvulus by Secondary Vectors in Guatemala
Charles H. Porter
Charles H. Porter
Medical Entomology Research and Training Unit/Guatemala and Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333
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Richard C. Collins
Richard C. Collins
Medical Entomology Research and Training Unit/Guatemala and Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333
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A comprehensive study of the transmission of Onchocerca volvulus at 4 locations in Guatemala with different prevalence rates of onchocerciasis included observations on potential secondary vectors, the most prevalent of which were Simulium metallicum, S. callidum, and S. gonzalezi. Filariae encountered in S. metallicum were primarily of a Dipetalonema-like species, but third-stage larvae indistinguishable from O. volvulus were found in 4 flies of this species. Our findings suggest that O. volvulus may occasionally be transmitted by S. metallicum, but such transmission is likely limited to areas having both a high parasite prevalence maintained by S. ochraceum and a relatively high host-seeking density of S. metallicum. Two third-stage larvae that could not be differentiated from O. volvulus were found once in S. gonzalezi; however, transmission by this species appears to be inconsequential.
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