ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Hoogstraal H., 1979. The epidemiology of tickborne Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Asia, Europe, and Africa. J. Med. Entomol., 15: 307–417.
-
2.
Hoogstraal H., 1981. Changing patterns of tick-borne diseases in modem society. Ann. Rev. Entomol., 26: 75–99.
-
3.
Swanepoel R., Shepherd A. J., Leman P. A., Shepherd S. P., McGillivray G. M., Erasmus M. J., Searle L. A., Gill D. E., 1987. Epidemiological and clinical features of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in southern Africa. Am. J. Trap. Med. Hyg., 36: 130–142.
-
4.
Woodall J. P., Williams M. C., Simpson d. I. H., 1967. Congo virus: A hitherto undescribed virus occurring in Africa. Part 2. Identification studies. East Afr. Med. J., 44: 93–98.
-
5.
Casals J., 1969. Antigenic similarity between the virus causing Crimean hemorrhagic fever and Congo virus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 131: 233–236.
-
6.
Zavadova T. I., Butenko A. M., Tkachenko e. A., Chumakov M. P., 1971. Properties of the neutralization test in Crimean haemorrhagic fever. Trudy Inst. Polio. Virus. Entsef Akad. Med. Nauk SSSR, 19: 61–65. (In Russian; English translation NAMRU-T926).
-
7.
Casals J., Tignor G. H., 1974. Neutralization and haemagglutination-inhibition tests with Crimean haemorrhagic fever-Congo virus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 145: 960–966.
-
8.
Buckley S. M., 1974. Cross plaque neutralization tests with cloned Crimean hemorrhagic fever-Congo (CHF-C) and Hazara viruses. Proc. Soc. Exp. Bioi. Med., 146: 594–600.
-
9.
Saidi S., Casals J., Faghih M. A., 1975. Crimean haemorrhagic fever-Congo (CHF-C) virus antibodies in man, and in domestic and small mammals, in Iran. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 24: 353–357.
-
10.
Casals J., Tignor G. H., 1980. The Nairo-virus genus: Serological relationships. Intervirology, 14: 144–147.
-
11.
Tignor G. H., Smith A. L., Casals J., Ezeokoli C.D., Okoli J., 1980. Close relationship of Crimean hemorrhagic fever-Congo (CHF-C) virus strains by neutralizing antibody assays. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 29: 676–685.
-
12.
Swanepoel R., Struthers J. K., Shepherd A. J., McGillivray G. M., Nel M. J., Jupp P. G., 1963. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in South Africa. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 32: 1407–1415.
-
13.
Simpson D. I. H., Knight E. M., Courtois M. C. Gh., Weinbren M. P., Kibukamusoke I. W., 1967. Congo virus: A hitherto undescribed virus occurring in Africa. Part I. Human isolations- clinical notes. East Afr. Med. J., 44: 87–92.
-
14.
Causey O. R., Kemp G. E., Madbouly H. M., David-West T. T., 1970. Congo virus from domestic livestock, African hedgehog, and arthropods in Nigeria. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 19: 846–850.
-
15.
C'1arke D. H., Casals J., 1958. Techniques for hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition with arthropod-borne viruses. Am. J. Trap. Med. Hyg, 7: 561–573.
-
16.
Kohler G., Milstein C., 1975. Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. Nature, 256: 495–497.
-
17.
de St. Groth S. F., Scheidegger D., 1980. Production of monoclonal antibodies: Strategy and tactics. J. Immunol. Meth., 35: 1–21.
-
18.
Smith A. L., Tignor G. H>, Mifune K., Motohashi T., 1977. Isolation and assay of rabies serogroup viruses in CER cells. Intervirology, 8: 92–99.
-
19.
Swanepoel R., Struthers J. K., Erasmus M. J., Shepherd S. P., McGillivray G. M., 1986. Comparison of techniques for demonstrating antibodies to Rift Valley fever virus. J. Hyg., Camb., 97: 317–329.
-
20.
Blackburn N. K., Swanepoel R., 1980. An investigation of flavivirus infections of cattle in Zimbabwe Rhodesia with particular reference to Wesselsbron virus. J. Hyg., Camb., 85: 1–33.
-
21.
Swanepoel R., Struthers J. K., McGillivray G. M., 1983. Reversed passive hemagglutination and inhibition with Rift Valley fever and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever viruses. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 32: 610–617.
-
22.
Struthers J. K., Swanepoel R., Shepherd S. P., 1984. Protein synthesis in Rift Valley fever virus-infected cells. Virology, 134: 118–124.
-
23.
Bishop D. H. L., Calisher C., Casals J., Chumakov M. P., Gaidomovich S. Y., Hannoun C., Lvov D. K., Marshall I. D., Oker-Blom N., Pettersson R. F., Porterfield J. S., Russell P. K., Shope R. E., Westaway E. G., 1981. Bunyaviridae. Intervirology, 14: 125–143.
-
24.
Clerx J. P. M., Casals J., Bishop D. H. L., 1981. Structural characteristics of Nairoviruses (Genus Nairovirus, Bunyaviridae). J. Gen. Virol., 55: 165–178.
-
25.
Karabatsos N., 1985. International Catalogue of Arboviruses Including Certain Other Viruses of Vertebrates. American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, San Antonio, Texas..
-
26.
Shepherd A. J., Swanepoel R., Leman P. A., Shepherd S. P., 1986. Comparison of methods for isolation and titration of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus.. J. Clin. Microbiol., 24: 654–656.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 577 | 194 | 26 |
| Full Text Views | 52 | 8 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 65 | 11 | 1 |
Preparation and Use of Monoclonal Antibodies for Identifying Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus
Nigel Keith Blackburn
Nigel Keith Blackburn
Department of Virology, University of the Witwatersrand, and Special Pathogens Unit, National Institute for Virology, Sandringham 2131, Republic of South Africa
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Terry Gail Besselaar
Terry Gail Besselaar
Department of Virology, University of the Witwatersrand, and Special Pathogens Unit, National Institute for Virology, Sandringham 2131, Republic of South Africa
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Alasdair James Shepherd
Alasdair James Shepherd
Department of Virology, University of the Witwatersrand, and Special Pathogens Unit, National Institute for Virology, Sandringham 2131, Republic of South Africa
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Robert Swanepoel
Robert Swanepoel
Department of Virology, University of the Witwatersrand, and Special Pathogens Unit, National Institute for Virology, Sandringham 2131, Republic of South Africa
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Seven monoclonal antibodies were prepared against a South African strain of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus and were found to be directed against viral nucleocapsid protein. Five of the monoclonal antibodies reacted to high titer in indirect immunofluorescence (IF) tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) with 22 strains of CCHF virus and failed to cross-react with the closest antigenic relative of CCHF, Hazara virus, or with 4 other nairoviruses which need to be distinguished from CCHF virus in Africa. These antibodies, used in the IF technique, readily detected antigens induced by all strains of CCHF virus included in the study in cell culture monolayers and mouse brain tissue, which represent the systems commonly used for isolation of CCHF virus. The IF technique with monoclonal antibodies constitutes a rapid and specific means of identifying newly isolated strains of CCHF virus.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Hoogstraal H., 1979. The epidemiology of tickborne Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Asia, Europe, and Africa. J. Med. Entomol., 15: 307–417.
-
2.
Hoogstraal H., 1981. Changing patterns of tick-borne diseases in modem society. Ann. Rev. Entomol., 26: 75–99.
-
3.
Swanepoel R., Shepherd A. J., Leman P. A., Shepherd S. P., McGillivray G. M., Erasmus M. J., Searle L. A., Gill D. E., 1987. Epidemiological and clinical features of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in southern Africa. Am. J. Trap. Med. Hyg., 36: 130–142.
-
4.
Woodall J. P., Williams M. C., Simpson d. I. H., 1967. Congo virus: A hitherto undescribed virus occurring in Africa. Part 2. Identification studies. East Afr. Med. J., 44: 93–98.
-
5.
Casals J., 1969. Antigenic similarity between the virus causing Crimean hemorrhagic fever and Congo virus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 131: 233–236.
-
6.
Zavadova T. I., Butenko A. M., Tkachenko e. A., Chumakov M. P., 1971. Properties of the neutralization test in Crimean haemorrhagic fever. Trudy Inst. Polio. Virus. Entsef Akad. Med. Nauk SSSR, 19: 61–65. (In Russian; English translation NAMRU-T926).
-
7.
Casals J., Tignor G. H., 1974. Neutralization and haemagglutination-inhibition tests with Crimean haemorrhagic fever-Congo virus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 145: 960–966.
-
8.
Buckley S. M., 1974. Cross plaque neutralization tests with cloned Crimean hemorrhagic fever-Congo (CHF-C) and Hazara viruses. Proc. Soc. Exp. Bioi. Med., 146: 594–600.
-
9.
Saidi S., Casals J., Faghih M. A., 1975. Crimean haemorrhagic fever-Congo (CHF-C) virus antibodies in man, and in domestic and small mammals, in Iran. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 24: 353–357.
-
10.
Casals J., Tignor G. H., 1980. The Nairo-virus genus: Serological relationships. Intervirology, 14: 144–147.
-
11.
Tignor G. H., Smith A. L., Casals J., Ezeokoli C.D., Okoli J., 1980. Close relationship of Crimean hemorrhagic fever-Congo (CHF-C) virus strains by neutralizing antibody assays. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 29: 676–685.
-
12.
Swanepoel R., Struthers J. K., Shepherd A. J., McGillivray G. M., Nel M. J., Jupp P. G., 1963. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in South Africa. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 32: 1407–1415.
-
13.
Simpson D. I. H., Knight E. M., Courtois M. C. Gh., Weinbren M. P., Kibukamusoke I. W., 1967. Congo virus: A hitherto undescribed virus occurring in Africa. Part I. Human isolations- clinical notes. East Afr. Med. J., 44: 87–92.
-
14.
Causey O. R., Kemp G. E., Madbouly H. M., David-West T. T., 1970. Congo virus from domestic livestock, African hedgehog, and arthropods in Nigeria. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 19: 846–850.
-
15.
C'1arke D. H., Casals J., 1958. Techniques for hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition with arthropod-borne viruses. Am. J. Trap. Med. Hyg, 7: 561–573.
-
16.
Kohler G., Milstein C., 1975. Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. Nature, 256: 495–497.
-
17.
de St. Groth S. F., Scheidegger D., 1980. Production of monoclonal antibodies: Strategy and tactics. J. Immunol. Meth., 35: 1–21.
-
18.
Smith A. L., Tignor G. H>, Mifune K., Motohashi T., 1977. Isolation and assay of rabies serogroup viruses in CER cells. Intervirology, 8: 92–99.
-
19.
Swanepoel R., Struthers J. K., Erasmus M. J., Shepherd S. P., McGillivray G. M., 1986. Comparison of techniques for demonstrating antibodies to Rift Valley fever virus. J. Hyg., Camb., 97: 317–329.
-
20.
Blackburn N. K., Swanepoel R., 1980. An investigation of flavivirus infections of cattle in Zimbabwe Rhodesia with particular reference to Wesselsbron virus. J. Hyg., Camb., 85: 1–33.
-
21.
Swanepoel R., Struthers J. K., McGillivray G. M., 1983. Reversed passive hemagglutination and inhibition with Rift Valley fever and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever viruses. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 32: 610–617.
-
22.
Struthers J. K., Swanepoel R., Shepherd S. P., 1984. Protein synthesis in Rift Valley fever virus-infected cells. Virology, 134: 118–124.
-
23.
Bishop D. H. L., Calisher C., Casals J., Chumakov M. P., Gaidomovich S. Y., Hannoun C., Lvov D. K., Marshall I. D., Oker-Blom N., Pettersson R. F., Porterfield J. S., Russell P. K., Shope R. E., Westaway E. G., 1981. Bunyaviridae. Intervirology, 14: 125–143.
-
24.
Clerx J. P. M., Casals J., Bishop D. H. L., 1981. Structural characteristics of Nairoviruses (Genus Nairovirus, Bunyaviridae). J. Gen. Virol., 55: 165–178.
-
25.
Karabatsos N., 1985. International Catalogue of Arboviruses Including Certain Other Viruses of Vertebrates. American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, San Antonio, Texas..
-
26.
Shepherd A. J., Swanepoel R., Leman P. A., Shepherd S. P., 1986. Comparison of methods for isolation and titration of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus.. J. Clin. Microbiol., 24: 654–656.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 577 | 194 | 26 |
| Full Text Views | 52 | 8 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 65 | 11 | 1 |