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In the past, investigators have been able to produce hepatic amebiasis in laboratory animals only by direct introduction of parasites into the liver or its vasculature, or by other artificial manipulations. A natural model of human visceral amebiasis has been lacking. We document an extensive outbreak of amebic dysentery which took place in a colony of spider monkeys; severe hepatic abscesses occurred in many animals. The spider monkey is highly susceptible to infection with Entamoeba histolytica and could provide a valuable model for the study of the pathogenesis of invasive amebiasis.