Authors:
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and
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1.
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2023. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: https://www.chinacdc.cn/. Accessed October 11, 2023.
-
2.
Ahmed SK, Mohamed MG, Dabou EA, Abuijlan I, Chandran D, El-Shall NA, Chopra H, Dhama K, 2023. Monkeypox (mpox) in immunosuppressed patients. F1000Res 12: 127.
-
3.
Lum FM, Torres-Ruesta A, Tay MZ, Lin RTP, Lye DC, Rénia L, Ng LFD, 2022. Monkeypox: Disease epidemiology, host immunity and clinical interventions. Nat Rev Immunol 22: 597–613.
-
4.
Liu Q et al., 2023. Clinical characteristics of human mpox (monkeypox) in 2022: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pathogens 12: 146.
-
5.
Mitjà O et al.; SHARE-NET Writing Group, 2023. Mpox in people with advanced HIV infection: A global case series. Lancet 401: 939–949.
-
6.
Nolasco S et al., 2023. First case of monkeypox virus, SARS-CoV-2 and HIV co-infection. J Infect 86: e21–e23.
-
7.
Angelo KM et al.; GeoSentinel Network Collaborators, 2023. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with monkeypox in the GeoSentinel Network: A cross-sectional study. Lancet Infect Dis 23: 196–206.
-
8.
Ogoina D et al., 2020. Clinical course and outcome of human monkeypox in Nigeria. Clin Infect Dis 71: e210–e214.
-
9.
Curran KG, Carcelain G, Samri A, Parizot C, Lafaurie M, Abgrall S, Delcey V, Vicaut E, Sereni D, Autran B; Monkeypox, HIV, and STI Team, 2022. HIV and sexually transmitted infections among persons with monkeypox—Eight U.S. jurisdictions, May 17–July 22, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 71: 1141–1147.
-
10.
Navarro-Bielsa A, Gracia-Cazana T, Aldea-Manrique B, Abadías-Granado I, Ballano A, Bernad I, Gilaberte Y, 2023. COVID-19 infection and vaccines: Potential triggers of Herpesviridae reactivation. An Bras Dermatol 98: 347–354.
-
11.
Almatrafi MA et al., 2022. Disseminated tuberculosis post COVID-19 infection: A case report. Cureus 14: e31489.
-
12.
Noori MAM, Younes I, Latif A, Fichadiya H, Elkattawy S, Khandait H, Nawachukwu O, Garg V, 2022. Reactivation of tuberculosis in the setting of COVID-19 infection. Cureus 14: e23417.
-
13.
Pauli G et al., 2010. Orthopox viruses: Infections in humans. Transfus Med Hemother 37: 351–364.
-
14.
Sharov KS, 2021. HIV/SARS-CoV-2 co-infection: T cell profile, cytokine dynamics and role of exhausted lymphocytes. Int J Infect Dis 102: 163–169.
-
15.
Warner NC, Shishido A, Fulco PP, Sastry S, 2023. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome due to monkeypox in two patients with AIDS. AIDS 37: 1187–1188.
-
16.
Barber DL, Andrade BB, Sereti I, Sher A, 2012. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: The trouble with immunity when you had none. Nat Rev Microbiol 10: 150–156.
-
17.
Bourgarit A, Carcelain G, Martinez V, Lascoux C, Delcey V, Gicquel B, Vicaut E, Lagrange PH, Sereni D, Autran B, 2006. Explosion of tuberculin-specific Th1-responses induces immune restoration syndrome in tuberculosis and HIV co-infected patients. AIDS 20: F1–F7.
-
18.
Bourgarit A, Carcelain G, Samri A, Parizot C, Lafaurie M, Abgrall S, Delcey V, Vicaut E, Sereni D, Autran B; PARADOX Study Group, 2009. Tuberculosis-associated immune restoration syndrome in HIV-1-infected patients involves tuberculin-specific CD4 Th1 cells and KIR-negative gammadelta T cells. J Immunol 183: 3915–3923.
-
19.
Golden J, Harryman L, Crofts M, Muir P, Donati M, Gillett S, Irish C, 2023. Case of apparent mpox reinfection. Sex Transm Infect 99: 283–284.
-
20.
Musumeci S, Najjar I, Amari EBE, Schibler M, Jacquerioz F, Yerly S, Renzoni A, Calmy A, Kaiser L, 2023. A case of mpox reinfection. Clin Infect Dis 77: 135–137.
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Mpox Recrudescence after SARS-CoV-2 Coinfection in a Patient with AIDS
Yaqing Liu
Yaqing Liu
Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;
Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China;
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Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China;
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Shi Zou
Shi Zou
Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;
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Shihui Song
Shihui Song
Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;
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Yingcai Wan
Yingcai Wan
Department of Dermatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;
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Jianbo Wu
Jianbo Wu
Department of Dermatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;
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Mingqi Luo
Mingqi Luo
Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;
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Wei Guo
guowei@whu.edu.cn
Wei Guo
Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;
Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;
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Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;
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Ke Liang
keliang@whu.edu.cn
Ke Liang
Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;
Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China;
Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;
Hubei Engineering Center for Infectious Disease Prevention, Control and Treatment, Wuhan, China
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Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China;
Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;
Hubei Engineering Center for Infectious Disease Prevention, Control and Treatment, Wuhan, China
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ABSTRACT.
People living with HIV (PLWH) are known to exhibit more severe or prolonged symptoms of mpox (formerly monkeypox). However, the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on PLWH with mpox has not been adequately described. We report a case of mpox in an AIDS patient who had recurrent symptoms due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patient presented with a low CD4+ lymphocyte count (CD4 count) without antiretroviral therapy (ART) and suffered from severe mpox. The ART was initiated 17 days after the diagnosis of mpox, and the patient’s skin lesions began crusting after 1 week of ART. However, after a SARS-CoV-2 infection, the mpox flared up again. The patient presented with more severe symptoms than those during the initial bout and with rectal involvement. We speculate that SARS-CoV-2 infection might cause a recrudescence of mpox in AIDS patients, which requires further investigation.
Author Notes
Financial support: Financial support was received from
Disclosure: We declare that the case report was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Current contact information: Yaqing Liu, Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, and Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China, E-mail: jqxxqs123@163.com. Shi Zou, Shihui Song, and Mingqi Luo, Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, E-mails: zoushi321@163.com, shsong2013@163.com, and mingqiluo@163.com. Yingcai Wan and Jianbo Wu, Department of Dermatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, E-mails: 326389548@qq.com and wurudai@163.com. Wei Guo, Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, E-mail: guowei@whu.edu.cn. Ke Liang, Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China, Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, and Hubei Engineering Center for Infectious Disease Prevention, Control and Treatment, Wuhan, China, E-mail: keliang@whu.edu.cn.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2023. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: https://www.chinacdc.cn/. Accessed October 11, 2023.
-
2.
Ahmed SK, Mohamed MG, Dabou EA, Abuijlan I, Chandran D, El-Shall NA, Chopra H, Dhama K, 2023. Monkeypox (mpox) in immunosuppressed patients. F1000Res 12: 127.
-
3.
Lum FM, Torres-Ruesta A, Tay MZ, Lin RTP, Lye DC, Rénia L, Ng LFD, 2022. Monkeypox: Disease epidemiology, host immunity and clinical interventions. Nat Rev Immunol 22: 597–613.
-
4.
Liu Q et al., 2023. Clinical characteristics of human mpox (monkeypox) in 2022: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pathogens 12: 146.
-
5.
Mitjà O et al.; SHARE-NET Writing Group, 2023. Mpox in people with advanced HIV infection: A global case series. Lancet 401: 939–949.
-
6.
Nolasco S et al., 2023. First case of monkeypox virus, SARS-CoV-2 and HIV co-infection. J Infect 86: e21–e23.
-
7.
Angelo KM et al.; GeoSentinel Network Collaborators, 2023. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with monkeypox in the GeoSentinel Network: A cross-sectional study. Lancet Infect Dis 23: 196–206.
-
8.
Ogoina D et al., 2020. Clinical course and outcome of human monkeypox in Nigeria. Clin Infect Dis 71: e210–e214.
-
9.
Curran KG, Carcelain G, Samri A, Parizot C, Lafaurie M, Abgrall S, Delcey V, Vicaut E, Sereni D, Autran B; Monkeypox, HIV, and STI Team, 2022. HIV and sexually transmitted infections among persons with monkeypox—Eight U.S. jurisdictions, May 17–July 22, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 71: 1141–1147.
-
10.
Navarro-Bielsa A, Gracia-Cazana T, Aldea-Manrique B, Abadías-Granado I, Ballano A, Bernad I, Gilaberte Y, 2023. COVID-19 infection and vaccines: Potential triggers of Herpesviridae reactivation. An Bras Dermatol 98: 347–354.
-
11.
Almatrafi MA et al., 2022. Disseminated tuberculosis post COVID-19 infection: A case report. Cureus 14: e31489.
-
12.
Noori MAM, Younes I, Latif A, Fichadiya H, Elkattawy S, Khandait H, Nawachukwu O, Garg V, 2022. Reactivation of tuberculosis in the setting of COVID-19 infection. Cureus 14: e23417.
-
13.
Pauli G et al., 2010. Orthopox viruses: Infections in humans. Transfus Med Hemother 37: 351–364.
-
14.
Sharov KS, 2021. HIV/SARS-CoV-2 co-infection: T cell profile, cytokine dynamics and role of exhausted lymphocytes. Int J Infect Dis 102: 163–169.
-
15.
Warner NC, Shishido A, Fulco PP, Sastry S, 2023. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome due to monkeypox in two patients with AIDS. AIDS 37: 1187–1188.
-
16.
Barber DL, Andrade BB, Sereti I, Sher A, 2012. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: The trouble with immunity when you had none. Nat Rev Microbiol 10: 150–156.
-
17.
Bourgarit A, Carcelain G, Martinez V, Lascoux C, Delcey V, Gicquel B, Vicaut E, Lagrange PH, Sereni D, Autran B, 2006. Explosion of tuberculin-specific Th1-responses induces immune restoration syndrome in tuberculosis and HIV co-infected patients. AIDS 20: F1–F7.
-
18.
Bourgarit A, Carcelain G, Samri A, Parizot C, Lafaurie M, Abgrall S, Delcey V, Vicaut E, Sereni D, Autran B; PARADOX Study Group, 2009. Tuberculosis-associated immune restoration syndrome in HIV-1-infected patients involves tuberculin-specific CD4 Th1 cells and KIR-negative gammadelta T cells. J Immunol 183: 3915–3923.
-
19.
Golden J, Harryman L, Crofts M, Muir P, Donati M, Gillett S, Irish C, 2023. Case of apparent mpox reinfection. Sex Transm Infect 99: 283–284.
-
20.
Musumeci S, Najjar I, Amari EBE, Schibler M, Jacquerioz F, Yerly S, Renzoni A, Calmy A, Kaiser L, 2023. A case of mpox reinfection. Clin Infect Dis 77: 135–137.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 982 | 982 | 433 |
| Full Text Views | 29 | 29 | 16 |
| PDF Downloads | 28 | 28 | 13 |