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Ocampo CB, Guzman-Rodriguez L, Moreno M, Castro MDM, Valderrama-Ardila C, Alexander N, 2021. Integration of phlebotomine ecological niche modelling, and mapping of cutaneous leishmaniasis surveillance data, to identify areas at risk of under-estimation. Acta Trop 224: 106122.
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Effectiveness of Antileishmanial Treatments in Three Endemic Areas of Colombia: A Community-Based Cohort Study
María del Mar Castro
mcastro@cideim.org.co
María del Mar Castro
Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas (CIDEIM), Cali, Colombia;
Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
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Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
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Alejandra María Del Castillo
Alejandra María Del Castillo
Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas (CIDEIM), Cali, Colombia;
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Ruth Mabel Castillo
Ruth Mabel Castillo
Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas (CIDEIM), Cali, Colombia;
Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
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Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
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Alexandra Cossio
Alexandra Cossio
Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas (CIDEIM), Cali, Colombia;
Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
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Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
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Patricia Castaño Grajales
Patricia Castaño Grajales
Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas (CIDEIM), Cali, Colombia;
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Yeison Gutiérrez
Yeison Gutiérrez
Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas (CIDEIM), Cali, Colombia;
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Neal Alexander
Neal Alexander
Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas (CIDEIM), Cali, Colombia;
Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
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Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
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ABSTRACT.
The effectiveness of treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in rural settings remains underexplored. This study assessed the effectiveness of standard antileishmanial treatments using a community-based approach supported by mobile health (mHealth) in three rural areas of Colombia. From January 2018 to September 2021, we assessed treatment outcomes, adherence, and adverse drug reactions in CL patients, with the support of the Guaral+ST app. Treatment decisions were made by providers at health facilities at each site in accordance with national guidelines, whereas treatment follow-up and presumptive case identification were made by trained community leaders and health agents at the community level. In total, 231 participants received antileishmanial treatment (63 received miltefosine, 110 meglumine antimoniate, and 58 pentamidine). Disease presentation was mild (median number of lesions = 1, interquartile range [IQR]: 1–2) and of short duration (1.5 months, IQR: 1–3). The strategy yielded information on the therapeutic outcomes in 81% of study participants. Effectiveness, measured as the proportion of cure at 90 to 180 days, was 86.3% (95% CI: 73.3–93.48) for miltefosine; 77.6% (67.5–85.3) for meglumine antimoniate, and 73.1% (59.0–83.6) for pentamidine. The effectiveness of pentamidine in children ≤10 years old was 79.4% (61.6–90.3). This is one of the few reports of effectiveness of pentamidine in children with prospective data collection in the Americas. Adverse drug reactions occurred in 32% of patients, most frequently with meglumine antimoniate. Our findings demonstrate that standard antileishmanial treatments are effective in rural areas where the disease is endemic and that mHealth has a pivotal role in improving patient follow-up and data collection on therapeutic outcomes.
- Supplemental Materials (PDF 162.19 KB)
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was financed by
Disclosures: This study was approved and monitored by the Ethics Committee of the CIDEIM in accordance with national and international regulations (reference number 1272, date of initial approval: October 30, 2017). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants and guardians of participants under 18 years of age. Assent was obtained from children ≥7 years of age. Approval of the indigenous governor of the Emberá communities in the Pueblo Rico study site was obtained prior to the initiation of the study, in addition to individual consent by community members.
Current contact information: María del Mar Castro, Ruth Mabel Castillo, Alexandra Cossio, and Neal Alexander, Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas (CIDEIM), Cali, Colombia, and Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia, E-mails: mcastro@cideim.org.co, rmcastillo@cideim.org.co, acossio@cideim.org.co, and nalexander@cideim.org.co. Alejandra María Del Castillo, Patricia Castaño Grajales, and Yeison Gutiérrez, Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas (CIDEIM), Cali, Colombia. E-mails: adel168@unab.edu.co, patriciacastanograjales@gmail.com, and yeison.gutierrez@ucm.edu.co.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2022. Leishmaniasis. Informe Epidemiologico de las Americas. Washington, DC: Pan American Health Organization.
-
2.
Instituto Nacional de Salud, 2022. Informe De Evento Leishmaniasis Cutánea. Bogotá, Colombia: Instituto Nacional de Salud. Available at: https://www.ins.gov.co/buscador-eventos/Informesdeevento/LEISHMANIASIS%20CUTANEA%20PE%20XIII%202022.pdf. Accessed March 23, 2024.
-
3.
Eid D, San Sebastian M, Hurtig AK, Goicolea I, 2019. Leishmaniasis patients’ pilgrimage to access health care in rural Bolivia: A qualitative study using human rights to health approach. BMC Int Health Hum Rights 19: 12.
-
4.
Bautista-Gomez MM, Doerfler J, Del Mar Castro M, 2022. Barriers to cutaneous leishmaniasis care faced by indigenous communities of rural areas in Colombia: A qualitative study. BMC Infect Dis 22: 302.
-
5.
Palacios R, Osorio LE, Grajalew LF, Ochoa MT, 2001. Treatment failure in children in a randomized clinical trial with 10 and 20 days of meglumine antimonate for cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania viannia species. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64: 187–193.
-
6.
Castro MDM, Cossio A, Velasco C, Osorio L, 2017. Risk factors for therapeutic failure to meglumine antimoniate and miltefosine in adults and children with cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia: A cohort study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11: e0005515.
-
7.
Machado PR, Ampuero J, Guimaraes LH, Villasboas L, Rocha AT, Schriefer A, Sousa RS, Talhari A, Penna G, Carvalho EM, 2010. Miltefosine in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis in Brazil: A randomized and controlled trial. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e912.
-
8.
Soto J, Rea J, Balderrama M, Toledo J, Soto P, Valda L, Berman JD, 2008. Efficacy of miltefosine for Bolivian cutaneous leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 210–211.
-
9.
Chrusciak-Talhari A, Dietze R, Chrusciak Talhari C, da Silva RM, Gadelha Yamashita EP, de Oliveira Penna G, Lima Machado PR, Talhari S, 2011. Randomized controlled clinical trial to access efficacy and safety of miltefosine in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis in Manaus, Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84: 255–260.
-
10.
Olliaro P, et al., 2018. Harmonized clinical trial methodologies for localized cutaneous leishmaniasis and potential for extensive network with capacities for clinical evaluation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 12: e0006141.
-
11.
Maia-Elkhoury ANS, Valadas SYOB, Puppim-Buzanovsky L, Rocha F, Sanchez-Vazquez MJ, 2017. SisLeish: A multi-country standardized information system to monitor the status of leishmaniasis in the Americas. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11: e0005868.
-
12.
Castro MDM, et al., 2023. Cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment and therapeutic outcomes in special populations: A collaborative retrospective study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 17: e0011029.
-
13.
Del Castillo AM, Castro MDM, Cossio A, Garcia Luna JA, Rincon D, Castillo RM, Prieto MD, Rebellon-Sanchez DE, Navarro A, Alexander N, 2022. Sensitivity and specificity of the remote evaluation of therapeutic response in cutaneous leishmaniasis using photographs from a mobile application. Am J Trop Med Hyg 107: 662–668.
-
14.
Castillo M, Alexander N, Rubiano L, Rojas C, Navarro A, Rincon D, Bernal LV, Lerma YO, Saravia NG, Aronoff-Spencer E, 2023. Randomized trial evaluating an mHealth intervention for the early community-based detection and follow-up of cutaneous leishmaniasis in rural Colombia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 17: e0011180.
-
15.
Cossio A, et al., 2023. mHealth monitoring of treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients: A community-based implementation study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 109: 778–790.
-
16.
DANE, 2018. San Andrés de Tumaco/Nariño. Available at: https://sitios.dane.gov.co/cnpv/app/views/informacion/perfiles/52835_infografia.pdf. Accessed May 24, 2024.
-
17.
Cossio A, Jojoa J, Castro MDM, Castillo RM, Osorio L, Shelite TR, Gore Saravia N, Melby PC, Travi BL, 2021. Diagnostic performance of a recombinant polymerase amplification test-lateral flow (RPA-LF) for cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic setting of Colombia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 15: e0009291.
-
18.
Cossio A, Castro-Arroyave D, Castro MDM, Triviño Z, 2019. Prevención, Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de la Leishmaniasis Cutánea. Manual Educativo para Líderes y Comunidades. Available at: https://www.cideim.org.co/cideim/images/documentos/manual_lideres_completo.pdf. Accessed January 20, 2024.
-
19.
Ocampo CB, Guzman-Rodriguez L, Moreno M, Castro MDM, Valderrama-Ardila C, Alexander N, 2021. Integration of phlebotomine ecological niche modelling, and mapping of cutaneous leishmaniasis surveillance data, to identify areas at risk of under-estimation. Acta Trop 224: 106122.
-
20.
DANE, 2018. Pueblo Rico/Risaralda. Available at: https://sitios.dane.gov.co/cnpv/app/views/informacion/perfiles/66572_infografia.pdf. Accessed May 23, 2024.
-
21.
DANE, 2018. Rovira/Tolima. Available at: https://sitios.dane.gov.co/cnpv/app/views/informacion/perfiles/73624_infografia.pdf. Accessed May 23, 2024.
-
22.
Grimaldi G Jr., David JR, McMahon-Pratt D, 1987. Identification and distribution of New World Leishmania species characterized by serodeme analysis using monoclonal antibodies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 36: 270–287.
-
23.
Saravia NG, Weigle K, Navas C, Segura I, Valderrama L, Valencia AZ, Escorcia B, McMahon-Pratt D, 2002. Heterogeneity, geographic distribution, and pathogenicity of serodemes of Leishmania viannia in Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 738–744.
-
24.
Olliaro P, Vaillant M, Arana B, Grogl M, Modabber F, Magill A, Lapujade O, Buffet P, Alvar J, 2013. Methodology of clinical trials aimed at assessing interventions for cutaneous leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2130.
-
25.
Ministerio de Salud y Proteccion Social, 2018. Lineamientos para la Atención Clínica de Leishmaniasis en Colombia. Transmisibles. Bogota, Colombia: Dirección de promoción y prevención. Subdirección de enfermedades transmisibles.
-
26.
Castro MDM, Cossio A, Navas A, Fernandez O, Valderrama L, Cuervo-Pardo L, Marquez-Onate R, Gomez MA, Saravia NG, 2022. Pentoxifylline in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: A randomized clinical trial in Colombia. Pathogens 11: 378.
-
27.
Rubiano LC, et al., 2012. Noninferiority of miltefosine versus meglumine antimoniate for cutaneous leishmaniasis in children. J Infect Dis 205: 684–692.
-
28.
Castro MDM, Gomez MA, Kip AE, Cossio A, Ortiz E, Navas A, Dorlo TPC, Saravia NG, 2017. Pharmacokinetics of miltefosine in children and adults with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 61: e02198-16.
-
29.
Oviedo Sarmiento OJ, Castro MDM, Lerma YO, Bernal LV, Navarro A, Alexander NDE, 2021. Data management plan for a community-level study of the hidden burden of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia. BMC Res Notes 14: 213.
-
30.
Dean N, Pagano M, 2015. Evaluating confidence interval methods for binomial proportions in clustered surveys. J Surv Stat Methodol 3: 484–503.
-
31.
Unger A, O’Neal S, Machado PR, Guimaraes LH, Morgan DJ, Schriefer A, Bacellar O, Glesby MJ, Carvalho EM, 2009. Association of treatment of American cutaneous leishmaniasis prior to ulcer development with high rate of failure in northeastern Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80: 574–579.
-
32.
Antonio Lde F, et al., 2014. Montenegro skin test and age of skin lesion as predictors of treatment failure in cutaneous leishmaniasis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 56: 375–380.
-
33.
Pan American Health Organization, 2022. Guideline for the Treatment of Leishmaniasis in the Americas, 2nd ed. Washington, DC: PAHO.
-
34.
Uribe-Restrepo A, Cossio A, Desai MM, Dávalos D, Castro MDM, 2018. Interventions to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis in children: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 12: e0006986.
-
35.
Heleine M, Elenga N, Njuieyon F, Martin E, Piat C, Pansart C, Couppie P, Hernandez M, Demar M, Blaizot R, 2023. Using pentamidine to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis in children: A 10-year study in French Guiana. Clin Exp Dermatol 48: 913–915.
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