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Pires SM , Duarte AS , Hald T , 2018. Source Attribution and Risk Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29916343/. Accessed June 12, 2024.
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Schwarz S , Chaslus-Dancla E , 2001. Use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine and mechanisms of resistance. Vet Res 32: 201–225.
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Palma E , Tilocca B , Roncada P , 2020. Antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine: An overview. Int J Mol Sci 21: 1914.
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Bashahungm D , Odocha T , 2015. Assessment of Antibiotic Usage in Intensive Poultry Farms in Wakiso District, Uganda. Available at: http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd27/12/bash27247.html. Accessed May 10, 2024.
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Sajid A , Kashif N , Kifayat N , Ahmad S , 2016. Detection of antibiotic residues in poultry meat. Pak J Pharm Sci 29: 1691–1694.
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Bengtsson B , Greko C , 2014. Antibiotic resistance–Consequences for animal health, welfare, and food production. Ups J Med Sci 119: 96–102.
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Pokharel S , Shrestha P , Adhikari B , 2020. Antimicrobial use in food animals and human health: Time to implement ‘One Health’ approach. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 9: 181.
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Mambula G et al., 2023. Practices and challenges related to antibiotic use in paediatric treatment in hospitals and health centres in Niger and Uganda: A mixed methods study. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 12: 67.
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Dare SS , Eze ED , Echoru I , Usman IM , Ssempijja F , Bukenya EE , Ssebuufu R , 2022. Behavioural response to self-medication practice before and during COVID-19 pandemic in western Uganda. Patient Prefer Adherence 16: 2247–2257.
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Sun R , Yao T , Zhou X , Harbarth S , Lin L , 2022. Non-biomedical factors affecting antibiotic use in the community: A mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect 28: 345–354.
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Guni FS , Mbaga SH , Katule AM , Goromela EH , 2021. Performance evaluation of Kuroiler and Sasso chicken breeds reared under farmer management conditions in highland and lowland areas of Mvomero District, Eastern Tanzania. Trop Anim Health Prod 53: 245.
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Kiggundu R et al., 2022. Point prevalence survey of antibiotic use across 13 hospitals in Uganda. Antibiotics (Basel) 11: 199.
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Bonniface M , Nambatya W , Rajab K , 2021. An evaluation of antibiotic prescribing practices in a rural refugee settlement district in Uganda. Antibiotics (Basel) 10: 172.
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Nayiga S , Kayendeke M , Nabirye C , Willis LD , Chandler CIR , Staedke SG , 2020. Use of antibiotics to treat humans and animals in Uganda: A cross-sectional survey of households and farmers in rural, urban and peri-urban settings. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2: dlaa082.
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Mubito EP , Shahada F , Kimanya ME , Buza JJ , Mandela NR , Tanzania A , 2014. Antimicrobial use in the poultry industry in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania and public health implications. Am J Res Commun 2: 51–63.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 545 | 545 | 94 |
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Antibiotic Use Characteristics and Patterns in Humans and Poultry in Wakiso District, Uganda
David Wagaba
David Wagaba
Makerere University College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
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Peter Waiswa
Peter Waiswa
Makerere University College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
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John Bosco Kalule
kaluleb@gmail.com
John Bosco Kalule
Makerere University College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
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ABSTRACT.
Antibiotic use in animals has been identified as a major contributing factor for antibiotic resistance. Given the limited access to veterinary services, the choice of antibiotic and the dosage are determined by the farmers. By analyzing prescription practices and their appropriateness, we can compare performance in antibiotic stewardship across regions to drive change toward national goals and to guide policy interventions. This study used an integrated approach to assess antibiotic use at the grassroots in a rural poultry-keeping community in Wakiso District, Uganda. Medical prescriptions of 347 outpatients were captured between September 2021 and November 2021 via systematic random sampling of patients attending a local health center and were reviewed to decode antibiotic use characteristics and patterns. In the same period, structured questionnaires were issued to 36 poultry farmers in the same area to obtain information on their antibiotic use practices. Of the 347 human outpatient prescriptions reviewed, 250 (72%) recommended at least one antibiotic at a mean of 1.7 antibiotics per prescription. Conversely, all the poultry farms reported antibiotic use. There was significantly more use of macrolides and tetracyclines on poultry farms than at the local health centers and more use of penicillins, nitroimidazoles, and cephalosporins in humans than in poultry. There is unregulated use of critically important antibiotics in poultry and a misuse of antibiotics in the health center due to the lack of adequate diagnostic services. There is a need to improve point-of-care diagnostics of both human and poultry diseases in this community to guide antibiotic use.
- Supplemental Materials (PDF 238.73 KB)
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was funded by
Disclosures: Ethical approval for the study was received from the research and ethics committee of the College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity of Makerere University (HREC 2020/067). The study involved the review and analysis of archived patient identifier–delinked data and did not involve interaction with patients. Local hospital ethical clearance was obtained prior to the commencement of the study. Written informed consent in the local language detailing the purpose of the study, eligibility for participation, expected duration of participation, and description of the study was received from the owners of the poultry farms prior to administration of the questionnaire. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
Authors’ contributions: D. Wagaba participated in data collection, analysis, and writing of the manuscript. P. Waiswa participated in writing of the manuscript and supervision of D. Wagaba. J. B. Kalule planned the study, supervised D. Wagaba, and participated in the writing of the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the manuscript.
Data availability: The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. All the datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are presented as figures or tables. The authors confirm that there are no other datasets relating to this study that are not presented in the tables or figures.
Current contact information: David Wagaba, Peter Waiswa, and John Bosco Kalule, Makerere University College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, Kampala, Uganda, E-mails: wagabadavid45@gmail.com, pwaiswa4@gmail.com, and johnbosco.kalule@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Pires SM , Duarte AS , Hald T , 2018. Source Attribution and Risk Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29916343/. Accessed June 12, 2024.
-
2.
Schwarz S , Chaslus-Dancla E , 2001. Use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine and mechanisms of resistance. Vet Res 32: 201–225.
-
3.
Palma E , Tilocca B , Roncada P , 2020. Antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine: An overview. Int J Mol Sci 21: 1914.
-
4.
Bashahungm D , Odocha T , 2015. Assessment of Antibiotic Usage in Intensive Poultry Farms in Wakiso District, Uganda. Available at: http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd27/12/bash27247.html. Accessed May 10, 2024.
-
5.
Sajid A , Kashif N , Kifayat N , Ahmad S , 2016. Detection of antibiotic residues in poultry meat. Pak J Pharm Sci 29: 1691–1694.
-
6.
Uganda National Academy of Sciences , 2015. Antimicrobial Resistance in Uganda. Kampala, Uganda: Uganda National Academy of Sciences.
-
7.
O’Neill J , 2015. Antimicrobials in Agriculture and the Environment: Reducing Unnecessary Use and Waste. London, United Kingdom: Wellcome Collection.
-
8.
Bengtsson B , Greko C , 2014. Antibiotic resistance–Consequences for animal health, welfare, and food production. Ups J Med Sci 119: 96–102.
-
9.
Pokharel S , Shrestha P , Adhikari B , 2020. Antimicrobial use in food animals and human health: Time to implement ‘One Health’ approach. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 9: 181.
-
10.
Mambula G et al., 2023. Practices and challenges related to antibiotic use in paediatric treatment in hospitals and health centres in Niger and Uganda: A mixed methods study. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 12: 67.
-
11.
Dare SS , Eze ED , Echoru I , Usman IM , Ssempijja F , Bukenya EE , Ssebuufu R , 2022. Behavioural response to self-medication practice before and during COVID-19 pandemic in western Uganda. Patient Prefer Adherence 16: 2247–2257.
-
12.
Sun R , Yao T , Zhou X , Harbarth S , Lin L , 2022. Non-biomedical factors affecting antibiotic use in the community: A mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect 28: 345–354.
-
13.
Guni FS , Mbaga SH , Katule AM , Goromela EH , 2021. Performance evaluation of Kuroiler and Sasso chicken breeds reared under farmer management conditions in highland and lowland areas of Mvomero District, Eastern Tanzania. Trop Anim Health Prod 53: 245.
-
14.
Kiggundu R et al., 2022. Point prevalence survey of antibiotic use across 13 hospitals in Uganda. Antibiotics (Basel) 11: 199.
-
15.
Bonniface M , Nambatya W , Rajab K , 2021. An evaluation of antibiotic prescribing practices in a rural refugee settlement district in Uganda. Antibiotics (Basel) 10: 172.
-
16.
Musoke D et al., 2021. Access, use and disposal of antimicrobials among humans and animals in Wakiso district, Uganda: A qualitative study. J Pharm Policy Pract 14: 69.
-
17.
Nayiga S , Kayendeke M , Nabirye C , Willis LD , Chandler CIR , Staedke SG , 2020. Use of antibiotics to treat humans and animals in Uganda: A cross-sectional survey of households and farmers in rural, urban and peri-urban settings. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2: dlaa082.
-
18.
Mubito EP , Shahada F , Kimanya ME , Buza JJ , Mandela NR , Tanzania A , 2014. Antimicrobial use in the poultry industry in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania and public health implications. Am J Res Commun 2: 51–63.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 545 | 545 | 94 |
| Full Text Views | 43 | 43 | 25 |
| PDF Downloads | 30 | 30 | 19 |