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-
1.
Scholl P, Colwell D, Cepeda-Palacios R, 2019. Myiasis (Muscoidea, Oestroidea). Mullen GR, Durden LA, eds. Medical and Veterinary Entomology. 3rd ed. London, United Kingdom: Elsevier/Academic Press, 383–419.
-
2.
Wyss JH, 2000. Screwworm eradication in the Americas. Ann N Y Acad Sci 916: 186–193.
-
3.
SENASA (Servicio Nacional de Salud Animal), 2024. Boletín Epidemiológico Extraordinario Gusano Barrenador. Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería, Gobierno de Costa Rica. Available at: https://www.senasa.go.cr/informacion/centro-de-informacion/informacion/estado-sanitario/boletines-epidemiologicos-extraordinarios. Accessed June 14, 2024.
-
4.
Morales M, 1971. Las miasis en nuestros niños, estudio de 35 casos. Rev Med Hosp Nac Niños (Costa Rica) 6: 95–102.
-
5.
Niehaus H, Morales M, 1982. Miasis ótica. Rev Med Costa Rica 478: 5–6.
-
6.
Calderón O, Sánchez C, Sandi J, 1995. Miasis oral por Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera; Calliphoridae) en una paciente geriátrica. Rev Costarric Cienc Med 16: 61–66.
-
7.
Calderón O, Rivera P, Sánchez C, Solano M, 1996. Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera; Calliphoridae) como agente causal de miasis aural en un niño de Costa Rica. Parasitol Día 20: 130–132.
-
8.
Florez E, Wolff M, 2009. Descripción y clave de los estadios inmaduros de las principales especies de Calliphoridae (Diptera) de importancia forense en Colombia. Neotrop Entomol 38: 418–429.
-
9.
Laake EW, Cushing EC, Parish HE, 1936. Biology of the Primary Screw Worm Fly, Cochliomyia americana, and a Comparison of Its Stages with Those of C. macellaria. USDA Tech Bull 500. Special Collections, USDA National Agricultural Library. Available at: https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/items/show/7338. Accessed August 13, 2024.
-
10.
World Organisation for Animal Health, 2019. New World Screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) and Old World Screwworm (Chrysomya bezziana). WOAH. Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals, 12th ed. Available at: https://www.woah.org/en/what-we-do/standards/codes-and-manuals/terrestrial-manual-online-access/. Accessed June 14, 2024.
-
11.
Yusseff-Vanegas S, Agnarsson I, 2016. Molecular phylogeny of the forensically important genus Cochliomyia (Diptera: Calliphoridae). ZooKeys 609: 107–120.
-
12.
Folmer O, Black M, Hoeh W, Lutz R, Vrijenhoek R, 1994. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol 3: 294–299.
-
13.
Ministerio de Salud, 2024. Salud reporta primer caso en seres humanos de gusano barrenador. Ministerio de Salud, Gobierno de Costa Rica. Available at: https://www.ministeriodesalud.go.cr/index.php/prensa/61-noticias-2024/1809-salud-reporta-primer-caso-en-seres-humanos-de-gusano-barrenador#:∼:text=La%20semana%20pasada%2C%20el%20Ministerio,despu%C3%A9s%20de%20sufrir%20una%20ca%C3%ADda. Accessed June 14, 2024.
-
14.
Francesconi F, Lupi O, 2012. Myiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev 25: 79–105.
-
15.
Fernandes L, Pimenta F, Fernandes F, 2009. First report of human myiasis in GoiáS state, Brazil: Frequency of different types of myiasis, their various etiological agents, and associated factors. J Parasitol 95: 32–38.
-
16.
Sherman RA, 2000. Wound myiasis in urban and suburban United States. Arch Intern Med 160: 2004–2014.
-
17.
Olea MS, Centeno N, Aybar CA, Ortega ES, Galante GB, Olea L, Juri MJ, 2014. First report of myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in a diabetic foot ulcer patient in Argentina. Korean J Parasitol 52: 89–92.
-
18.
Africano FJ, Faccini-Martínez ÁA, Pérez CE, Espina LA, Bravo JS, Morales C, 2015. Pin-site myiasis caused by screwworm fly, Colombia. Emerg Infect Dis 21: 905–906.
-
19.
Mastrangelo T, Fresia P, Lyra M, Rodrigues R, Azeredo-Espin A, 2014. Genetic diversity and population structure of the New World screwworm fly from the Amazon region of Brazil. Acta Trop Suppl 138: S26–S33.
-
20.
Prado AM, Savino AG, Thyssen PJ, 2023. Interactive key for third instar larvae of Neotropical blow flies (Insecta, Diptera, Calliphoridae): The contribution of computational tools to assist in species identification. Neotrop Entomol 52: 373–379.
-
21.
Szpila K, Hall MJR, Wardhana AH, Pape T, 2014. Morphology of the first instar larva of obligatory traumatic myiasis agents (Diptera: Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae). Parasitol Res 113: 1629–1640.
-
22.
Leite AC, Guevara JD, 1993. Scanning electron microscopy of the larval instars of Cochliomyia hominivorax. Med Vet Entomol 7: 263–270.
-
23.
Akhoundi M, Mathieu A, Hannachi W, Nasrallah J, Quezel G, Blaizot R, Blanchet D, Ben Romdhane H, Epelboin L, Izri A, 2023. Morphological and molecular characterizations of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae responsible for wound myiasis in French Guiana. Diagnostics (Basel) 13: 2575.
-
24.
Adams T, 1979. The reproductive physiology of the screwworm Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae): Part II, effect of constant temperatures on oogenesis. J Med Entomol 15: 484–487.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1860 | 1860 | 69 |
| Full Text Views | 69 | 69 | 3 |
| PDF Downloads | 87 | 87 | 3 |
Case Report: Re-Emergence of Cochliomyia hominivorax in Costa Rica: Report of a Human Myiasis Case 23 Years after Elimination
Daniela P. Venegas-Montero
Daniela P. Venegas-Montero
Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Juana Pirola, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Puntarenas, Costa Rica;
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María J. Alfaro-Vellanero
María J. Alfaro-Vellanero
Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Juana Pirola, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Puntarenas, Costa Rica;
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Diana Rojas-Araya
Diana Rojas-Araya
Laboratorio de Investigación en Vectores, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica;
Sección de Entomología Médica, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
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Sección de Entomología Médica, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
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Ólger Calderón-Arguedas
Ólger Calderón-Arguedas
Laboratorio de Investigación en Vectores, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica;
Sección de Entomología Médica, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
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Sección de Entomología Médica, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
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Cinthya M. Vargas-Castro
Cinthya M. Vargas-Castro
Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Juana Pirola, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Puntarenas, Costa Rica;
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Andrés Baldioceda-Villarreal
Andrés Baldioceda-Villarreal
Laboratorio de Investigación en Vectores, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica;
Sección de Entomología Médica, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
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Sección de Entomología Médica, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
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Luis Enrique Chaves-González
Luis Enrique Chaves-González
Laboratorio de Investigación en Vectores, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica;
Sección de Entomología Médica, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
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Sección de Entomología Médica, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
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Jacqueline Camacho-Leandro
Jacqueline Camacho-Leandro
Laboratorio de Investigación en Vectores, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica;
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Adriana Troyo
adriana.troyo@ucr.ac.cr
Adriana Troyo
Laboratorio de Investigación en Vectores, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica;
Sección de Entomología Médica, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
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ABSTRACT.
The New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel (Diptera: Calliphoridae), was officially eliminated from Costa Rica in 2000, but it was reintroduced in 2023. A myiasis by C. hominivorax in a 71-year-old man with a 4-month history of foot hyperkeratosis and interdigital ulcers is reported. The myiasis was detected before sampling for bacterial culture. Approximately 160 first- and second-instar larvae were recovered and identified as C. hominivorax. Morphological identification was based mainly on characteristics of the cephalopharyngeal skeleton, spiracles, and pigmented dorsal tracheal trunks. Sequencing of a cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene fragment confirmed the identity. The ulcers healed after extraction of the larvae and ciprofloxacin treatment of a concurrent Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Given the reintroduction of C. hominivorax in Costa Rica and the risk of northward expansion, this report highlights its impact on public health and calls for awareness among clinicians and healthcare practitioners.
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Author Notes
Financial support:
Current contact information: Daniela P. Venegas-Montero, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Puntarenas, Costa Rica, E-mail: dvenegasm@ccss.sa.cr. María J. Alfaro-Vellanero and Cinthya M. Vargas-Castro, Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Juana Pirola, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Puntarenas, Costa Rica, E-mails: mjalfarov@ccss.sa.cr and cvargasc@ccss.sa.cr. Diana Rojas-Araya, Ólger Calderón-Arguedas, Andrés Baldioceda-Villarreal, Luis Enrique Chaves-González, and Adriana Troyo, Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica, E-mails: diana.rojas_a@ucr.ac.cr, olger.calderon@ucr.ac.cr, andres.baldioceda@ucr.ac.cr, luisenrique.chaves@ucr.ac.cr, and adriana.troyo@ucr.ac.cr. Jacqueline Camacho-Leandro, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica, E-mail: jacqueline.camacholeandro@ucr.ac.cr.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Scholl P, Colwell D, Cepeda-Palacios R, 2019. Myiasis (Muscoidea, Oestroidea). Mullen GR, Durden LA, eds. Medical and Veterinary Entomology. 3rd ed. London, United Kingdom: Elsevier/Academic Press, 383–419.
-
2.
Wyss JH, 2000. Screwworm eradication in the Americas. Ann N Y Acad Sci 916: 186–193.
-
3.
SENASA (Servicio Nacional de Salud Animal), 2024. Boletín Epidemiológico Extraordinario Gusano Barrenador. Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería, Gobierno de Costa Rica. Available at: https://www.senasa.go.cr/informacion/centro-de-informacion/informacion/estado-sanitario/boletines-epidemiologicos-extraordinarios. Accessed June 14, 2024.
-
4.
Morales M, 1971. Las miasis en nuestros niños, estudio de 35 casos. Rev Med Hosp Nac Niños (Costa Rica) 6: 95–102.
-
5.
Niehaus H, Morales M, 1982. Miasis ótica. Rev Med Costa Rica 478: 5–6.
-
6.
Calderón O, Sánchez C, Sandi J, 1995. Miasis oral por Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera; Calliphoridae) en una paciente geriátrica. Rev Costarric Cienc Med 16: 61–66.
-
7.
Calderón O, Rivera P, Sánchez C, Solano M, 1996. Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera; Calliphoridae) como agente causal de miasis aural en un niño de Costa Rica. Parasitol Día 20: 130–132.
-
8.
Florez E, Wolff M, 2009. Descripción y clave de los estadios inmaduros de las principales especies de Calliphoridae (Diptera) de importancia forense en Colombia. Neotrop Entomol 38: 418–429.
-
9.
Laake EW, Cushing EC, Parish HE, 1936. Biology of the Primary Screw Worm Fly, Cochliomyia americana, and a Comparison of Its Stages with Those of C. macellaria. USDA Tech Bull 500. Special Collections, USDA National Agricultural Library. Available at: https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/items/show/7338. Accessed August 13, 2024.
-
10.
World Organisation for Animal Health, 2019. New World Screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) and Old World Screwworm (Chrysomya bezziana). WOAH. Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals, 12th ed. Available at: https://www.woah.org/en/what-we-do/standards/codes-and-manuals/terrestrial-manual-online-access/. Accessed June 14, 2024.
-
11.
Yusseff-Vanegas S, Agnarsson I, 2016. Molecular phylogeny of the forensically important genus Cochliomyia (Diptera: Calliphoridae). ZooKeys 609: 107–120.
-
12.
Folmer O, Black M, Hoeh W, Lutz R, Vrijenhoek R, 1994. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol 3: 294–299.
-
13.
Ministerio de Salud, 2024. Salud reporta primer caso en seres humanos de gusano barrenador. Ministerio de Salud, Gobierno de Costa Rica. Available at: https://www.ministeriodesalud.go.cr/index.php/prensa/61-noticias-2024/1809-salud-reporta-primer-caso-en-seres-humanos-de-gusano-barrenador#:∼:text=La%20semana%20pasada%2C%20el%20Ministerio,despu%C3%A9s%20de%20sufrir%20una%20ca%C3%ADda. Accessed June 14, 2024.
-
14.
Francesconi F, Lupi O, 2012. Myiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev 25: 79–105.
-
15.
Fernandes L, Pimenta F, Fernandes F, 2009. First report of human myiasis in GoiáS state, Brazil: Frequency of different types of myiasis, their various etiological agents, and associated factors. J Parasitol 95: 32–38.
-
16.
Sherman RA, 2000. Wound myiasis in urban and suburban United States. Arch Intern Med 160: 2004–2014.
-
17.
Olea MS, Centeno N, Aybar CA, Ortega ES, Galante GB, Olea L, Juri MJ, 2014. First report of myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in a diabetic foot ulcer patient in Argentina. Korean J Parasitol 52: 89–92.
-
18.
Africano FJ, Faccini-Martínez ÁA, Pérez CE, Espina LA, Bravo JS, Morales C, 2015. Pin-site myiasis caused by screwworm fly, Colombia. Emerg Infect Dis 21: 905–906.
-
19.
Mastrangelo T, Fresia P, Lyra M, Rodrigues R, Azeredo-Espin A, 2014. Genetic diversity and population structure of the New World screwworm fly from the Amazon region of Brazil. Acta Trop Suppl 138: S26–S33.
-
20.
Prado AM, Savino AG, Thyssen PJ, 2023. Interactive key for third instar larvae of Neotropical blow flies (Insecta, Diptera, Calliphoridae): The contribution of computational tools to assist in species identification. Neotrop Entomol 52: 373–379.
-
21.
Szpila K, Hall MJR, Wardhana AH, Pape T, 2014. Morphology of the first instar larva of obligatory traumatic myiasis agents (Diptera: Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae). Parasitol Res 113: 1629–1640.
-
22.
Leite AC, Guevara JD, 1993. Scanning electron microscopy of the larval instars of Cochliomyia hominivorax. Med Vet Entomol 7: 263–270.
-
23.
Akhoundi M, Mathieu A, Hannachi W, Nasrallah J, Quezel G, Blaizot R, Blanchet D, Ben Romdhane H, Epelboin L, Izri A, 2023. Morphological and molecular characterizations of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae responsible for wound myiasis in French Guiana. Diagnostics (Basel) 13: 2575.
-
24.
Adams T, 1979. The reproductive physiology of the screwworm Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae): Part II, effect of constant temperatures on oogenesis. J Med Entomol 15: 484–487.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1860 | 1860 | 69 |
| Full Text Views | 69 | 69 | 3 |
| PDF Downloads | 87 | 87 | 3 |