Cárdenas G , Salgado P , Laura-Foronda E , Popoca-Rodriguez I , Delgado-Hernández RD , Rojas R , Palacios E , 2021. Neglected and (re-)emergent infections of the CNS in low-/middle-income countries. Infez Med 29: 513–525.
Butala C , Brook TM , Majekodunmi AO , Welburn SC , 2021. Neurocysticercosis: Current perspectives on diagnosis and management. Front Vet Sci 8: 615703.
Hamamoto Filho PT , Rodríguez-Rivas R , Fleury A , 2022. Neurocysticercosis: A review into treatment options, indications, and their efficacy. Res Rep Trop Med 13: 67–79.
Dixon MA , Winskill P , Harrison WE , Basáñez MG , 2021. Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis: From parasite biology and immunology to diagnosis and control. Adv Parasitol 112: 133–217.
Gabriël S , Blocher J , Dorny P , Abatih EN , Schmutzhard E , Ombay M , Mathias B , Winkler AS , 2012. Added value of antigen ELISA in the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis in resource poor settings. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1851.
Zea-Vera A et al.; Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru , 2013. Parasite antigen in serum predicts the presence of viable brain parasites in patients with apparently calcified cysticercosis only. Clin Infect Dis 57: e154–e159.
Praet N , Rodriguez-Hidalgo R , Speybroeck N , Ahounou S , Benitez-Ortiz W , Berkvens D , Hul AV , Barrionuevo-Samaniego M , Saegerman C , Dorny P , 2010. Infection with versus exposure to Taenia solium: What do serological test results tell us? Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 413–415.
Sahu PS , Parija S , Kumar D , Jayachandran S , Narayan S , 2014. Comparative profile of circulating antigenic peptides in CSF, serum & urine from patients with neurocysticercosis diagnosed by immunoblotting. Parasite Immunol 36: 509–521.
Castillo Y et al.; Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru , 2009. Urine antigen detection for the diagnosis of human neurocysticercosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80: 379–383.
Paredes A , Sáenz P , Marzal MW , Orrego MA , Castillo Y , Rivera A , Mahanty S , Guerra-Giraldez C , García HH , Nash TE ; Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru , 2016. Anti-Taenia solium monoclonal antibodies for the detection of parasite antigens in body fluids from patients with neurocysticercosis. Exp Parasitol 166: 37–43.
Toribio L , Handali S , Marin Y , Perez E , Castillo Y , Bustos JA , O’Neal SE , Garcia HH , 2023. A rapid point-of-care assay for cysticercosis antigen detection in urine samples. Am J Trop Med Hyg 108: 578–580.
Castillo Y , Toribio LM , Guzman C , Arroyo G , Espinoza C , Saavedra H , Bustos JA , Dorny P , O’Neal SE , Garcia HH ; Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru , 2023. Consistent measurement of parasite-specific antigen levels in sera of patients with neurocysticercosis using two different monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Pathogens 12: 566.
Villaran MV et al.; Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru , 2009. Epilepsy and neurocysticercosis: An incidence study in a Peruvian rural population. Neuroepidemiology 33: 25–31.
Mubanga C et al., 2021. Evaluation of an antibody detecting point of care test for diagnosis of Taenia solium cysticercosis in a Zambian rural community: A prospective diagnostic accuracy study. Diagnostics (Basel) 11: 2121.
McCleery E , Allen SE , Moyano LM , Gamboa R , Vilchez P , Muro C , Castillo Y , Dorny P , Garcia HH , O’Neal SE ; Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru , 2020. Population screening for urine antigens to detect asymptomatic subarachnoid neurocysticercosis: A pilot study in northern Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 103: 1125–1128.
Mahale RR , Mehta A , Rangasetty S , 2015. Extraparenchymal (racemose) neurocysticercosis and its multitude manifestations: A comprehensive review. J Clin Neurol 11: 203–211.
Rodriguez S , Wilkins P , Dorny P , 2012. Immunological and molecular diagnosis of cysticercosis. Pathog Glob Health 106: 286–298.
Esquivel-Velázquez M , Ostoa-Saloma P , Morales-Montor J , Hernández-Bello R , Larralde C , 2011. Immunodiagnosis of neurocysticercosis: Ways to focus on the challenge. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011: 516042.
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Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic disease of major public health importance. Definitive diagnosis requires neuroimaging, which is typically unavailable in rural impoverished regions of endemicity. Screening immunoassays can support diagnosis in this setting by identifying individuals most likely to have severe forms of disease for referral to imaging. Urine sampling is convenient, painless, and generally well accepted. We developed a rapid point-of-care (POC) assay to detect urinary antigens and assessed concordance with a standard antigen ELISA (Ag-ELISA), both using monoclonal antibodies TsW8/TsW5. From 28,145 stored community samples with Ag-ELISA results, we selected 843 for comparison, 281 each from nonreactive (ratio <1), reactive-below-cutoff (ratio 1:3), and positive (ratio ≥3) samples. Overall agreement was 73.6%, with strong agreement observed in the nonreactive (280/281, 99.6%) and positive (255/281, 90.8%) groups. This affordable noninvasive POC test can be applied to identify individuals in the community most at risk of developing severe disease.
Financial support: H. H. Garcia received funding from the
Disclosure: Both the parent study and the current study were approved by the institutional review board of the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (#161-14-23).
Current contact information: Luz M. Toribio, Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru, and Infection and Immunity Institute, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom, E-mail: ltoribio@sgul.ac.uk. Alessandra Vásquez and Yesenia Castillo, Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, E-mails: alessandra.vasquez@upch.pe and yesenia.castillo.b@upch.pe. S. Mathof Salas and Erika Perez, Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru, E-mails: selene.salas@upch.pe and perez.paredes.e@gmail.com. Javier A. Bustos, Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, and Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru, E-mail: javier.bustos.p@upch.pe. Seth E. O’Neal, School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Sciences University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, E-mail: natseth7@gmail.com. Hector H. Garcia, Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru, Asociacion Benefica PRISMA, Lima, Peru, and Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, E-mail: hgarcia@jhsph.edu.
Cárdenas G , Salgado P , Laura-Foronda E , Popoca-Rodriguez I , Delgado-Hernández RD , Rojas R , Palacios E , 2021. Neglected and (re-)emergent infections of the CNS in low-/middle-income countries. Infez Med 29: 513–525.
Butala C , Brook TM , Majekodunmi AO , Welburn SC , 2021. Neurocysticercosis: Current perspectives on diagnosis and management. Front Vet Sci 8: 615703.
Hamamoto Filho PT , Rodríguez-Rivas R , Fleury A , 2022. Neurocysticercosis: A review into treatment options, indications, and their efficacy. Res Rep Trop Med 13: 67–79.
Dixon MA , Winskill P , Harrison WE , Basáñez MG , 2021. Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis: From parasite biology and immunology to diagnosis and control. Adv Parasitol 112: 133–217.
Gabriël S , Blocher J , Dorny P , Abatih EN , Schmutzhard E , Ombay M , Mathias B , Winkler AS , 2012. Added value of antigen ELISA in the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis in resource poor settings. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1851.
Zea-Vera A et al.; Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru , 2013. Parasite antigen in serum predicts the presence of viable brain parasites in patients with apparently calcified cysticercosis only. Clin Infect Dis 57: e154–e159.
Praet N , Rodriguez-Hidalgo R , Speybroeck N , Ahounou S , Benitez-Ortiz W , Berkvens D , Hul AV , Barrionuevo-Samaniego M , Saegerman C , Dorny P , 2010. Infection with versus exposure to Taenia solium: What do serological test results tell us? Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 413–415.
Sahu PS , Parija S , Kumar D , Jayachandran S , Narayan S , 2014. Comparative profile of circulating antigenic peptides in CSF, serum & urine from patients with neurocysticercosis diagnosed by immunoblotting. Parasite Immunol 36: 509–521.
Castillo Y et al.; Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru , 2009. Urine antigen detection for the diagnosis of human neurocysticercosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80: 379–383.
Paredes A , Sáenz P , Marzal MW , Orrego MA , Castillo Y , Rivera A , Mahanty S , Guerra-Giraldez C , García HH , Nash TE ; Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru , 2016. Anti-Taenia solium monoclonal antibodies for the detection of parasite antigens in body fluids from patients with neurocysticercosis. Exp Parasitol 166: 37–43.
Toribio L , Handali S , Marin Y , Perez E , Castillo Y , Bustos JA , O’Neal SE , Garcia HH , 2023. A rapid point-of-care assay for cysticercosis antigen detection in urine samples. Am J Trop Med Hyg 108: 578–580.
Castillo Y , Toribio LM , Guzman C , Arroyo G , Espinoza C , Saavedra H , Bustos JA , Dorny P , O’Neal SE , Garcia HH ; Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru , 2023. Consistent measurement of parasite-specific antigen levels in sera of patients with neurocysticercosis using two different monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Pathogens 12: 566.
Villaran MV et al.; Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru , 2009. Epilepsy and neurocysticercosis: An incidence study in a Peruvian rural population. Neuroepidemiology 33: 25–31.
Mubanga C et al., 2021. Evaluation of an antibody detecting point of care test for diagnosis of Taenia solium cysticercosis in a Zambian rural community: A prospective diagnostic accuracy study. Diagnostics (Basel) 11: 2121.
McCleery E , Allen SE , Moyano LM , Gamboa R , Vilchez P , Muro C , Castillo Y , Dorny P , Garcia HH , O’Neal SE ; Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru , 2020. Population screening for urine antigens to detect asymptomatic subarachnoid neurocysticercosis: A pilot study in northern Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 103: 1125–1128.
Mahale RR , Mehta A , Rangasetty S , 2015. Extraparenchymal (racemose) neurocysticercosis and its multitude manifestations: A comprehensive review. J Clin Neurol 11: 203–211.
Rodriguez S , Wilkins P , Dorny P , 2012. Immunological and molecular diagnosis of cysticercosis. Pathog Glob Health 106: 286–298.
Esquivel-Velázquez M , Ostoa-Saloma P , Morales-Montor J , Hernández-Bello R , Larralde C , 2011. Immunodiagnosis of neurocysticercosis: Ways to focus on the challenge. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011: 516042.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 3082 | 3082 | 555 |
Full Text Views | 28 | 28 | 7 |
PDF Downloads | 37 | 37 | 13 |