ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Kumanan T , Sujanitha V , Sreeharan N , 2020. Amoebic liver abscess: A neglected tropical disease. Lancet Infect Dis 20: 160–162.
-
2.
Khim G , Em S , Mo S , Townell N , 2019. Liver abscess: Diagnostic and management issues found in the low resource setting. Br Med Bull 132: 45–52.
-
3.
Blessmann J , Van Linh P , Nu PAT , Thi HD , Muller-Myhsok B , Buss H , Tannich E , 2002. Epidemiology of amebiasis in a region of high incidence of amebic liver abscess in central Vietnam. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 578–583.
-
4.
Tharmaratnam T et al., 2020. Entamoeba histolytica and amoebic liver abscess in northern Sri Lanka: A public health problem. Trop Med Health 48: 2.
-
5.
Neill L , Edwards F , Collin SM , Harrington D , Wakerley D , Rao GG , McGregor AC , 2019. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in a cohort of patients with pyogenic and amoebic liver abscess. BMC Infect Dis 19: 490.
-
6.
Singh A , Banerjee T , Kumar R , Shukla SK , 2019. Prevalence of cases of amebic liver abscess in a tertiary care centre in India: A study on risk factors, associated microflora and strain variation of Entamoeba histolytica. PLoS One 14: e0214880.
-
7.
Singh A , Banerjee T , Shukla SK , 2021. Factors associated with high rates of recurrence of amebic liver abscess (ALA) in north India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 104: 1383–1387.
-
8.
Fotedar R , Stark D , Beebe N , Marriott D , Ellis J , Harkness J , 2007. Laboratory diagnostic techniques for Entamoeba species. Clin Microbiol Rev 20: 511–532.
-
9.
Haque R , Mollah NU , Ali IK , Alam K , Eubanks A , Lyerly D , Petri WA , 2000. Diagnosis of amebic liver abscess and intestinal infection with the TechLab Entamoeba histolytica II antigen detection and antibody tests. J Clin Microbiol 38: 3235–3323.
-
10.
Dhanalakshmi S , Meenachi C , Parija SC , 2016. Indirect haemagglutination test in comparison with ELISA for detection of antibodies against invasive amoebiasis. J Clin Diagn Res 10: DC05–DC08.
-
11.
Noordin R , Yunus MH , Saidin S , Mohamed Z , Fuentes Corripio I , Rubio JM , Golkar M , Hisam S , Lee R , Mahmud R , 2020. Multi-laboratory evaluation of a lateral flow rapid test for detection of amebic liver abscess. Am J Trop Med Hyg 103: 2233–2238.
-
12.
Saidin S , Othman N , Noordin R , 2019. Update on laboratory diagnosis of amoebiasis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 38: 15–38.
-
13.
Khan U , Mirdha BR , Samantaray JC , Sharma MP , 2006. Detection of Entamoeba histolytica using polymerase chain reaction in pus samples from amebic liver abscess. Indian J Gastroenterol 25: 55–57.
-
14.
Dinoop KP , Parija SC , Mandal J , Swaminathan RP , Narayanan P , 2016. Comparison of nested-multiplex, Taqman & SYBR Green real-time PCR in diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess in a tertiary health care institute in India. Indian J Med Res 143: 49–56.
-
15.
Singh P , Mirdha BR , Ahuja V , Singh S , 2013. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid detection of Entamoeba histolytica in amoebic liver abscess. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 29: 27–32.
-
16.
Handa D , Gupta M , Lehl SS , Gupta A , Singh R , 2021. Utility of loop-mediated isothermal amplification as a point-of-care test in diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess. Trop Doct 51: 488–491.
-
17.
Ghelfenstein-Ferreira T , Gits-Muselli M , Dellière S , Denis B , Guigue N , Hamane S , Alanio A , Bretagne S , 2020. Entamoeba histolytica DNA detection in serum from patients with suspected amoebic liver abscess. J Clin Microbiol 58: e01153–e20.
-
18.
Liang S-Y et al., 2009. Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of Entamoeba histolytica. J Clin Microbiol 47: 1892–1895.
-
19.
Verweij JJ , Blangé RA , Templeton K , Schinkel J , Brienen EAT , van Rooyen MAA , van Lieshout L , Polderman AM , 2004. Simultaneous detection of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium parvum in fecal samples by using multiplex real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 42: 1220–1223.
-
20.
Kiselinova M , Pasternak AO , De Spiegelaere W , Vogelaers D , Berkhout B , Vandekerckhove L , 2014. Comparison of droplet digital PCR and seminested real-time PCR for quantification of cell-associated HIV-1 RNA. PLoS One 9: e85999.
-
21.
Srisutham S , Saralamba N , Malleret B , Rénia L , Dondorp AM , Imwong M , 2017. Four human Plasmodium species quantification using droplet digital PCR. PLoS One 12: e0175771.
-
22.
Li Y , Lord-Bessen J , Shiyko M , Loeb R , 2018. Bayesian latent class analysis tutorial. Multivariate Behav Res 53: 430–451.
-
23.
McHugh ML , 2012. Interrater reliability: The kappa statistic. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 22: 276–282.
-
24.
Chaudhary S , Noor MT , Jain S , Kumar R , Thakur BS , 2016. Amoebic liver abscess: A report from central India. Trop Doct 46: 12–15.
-
25.
Sharma N , Sharma A , Varma S , Lal A , Singh V , 2010. Amoebic liver abscess in the medical emergency of a north Indian hospital. BMC Res Notes 3: 21.
-
26.
Amarapurkar DN , Patel N , Amarapurkar AD , 2003. Amoebic liver abscess. J Hepatol 39: 291–292.
-
27.
Jackson-Akers JY , Prakash V , Oliver TI , 2022. Amebic liver abscess. StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing.
-
28.
Ghosh S , Sharma S , Gadpayle AK , Gupta HK , Mahajan RK , Sahoo R , Kumar N , 2014. Clinical, laboratory, and management profile in patients of liver abscess from northern India. J Trop Med 2014: 142382.
-
30.
Iamrod K et al., 2021. Development and efficacy of droplet digital PCR for detection of Strongyloides stercoralis in stool. Am J Trop Med Hyg 106: 312–319.
-
31.
Weerakoon KG , Gordon CA , Williams GM , Cai P , Gobert GN , Olveda RM , Ross AG , Olveda DU , McManus DP , 2017. Droplet digital PCR diagnosis of human schistosomiasis: Parasite cell-free DNA detection in diverse clinical samples. J Infect Dis 216: 1611–1622.
-
32.
García-Bernalt Diego J , Fernández-Soto P , Muro A , 2021. LAMP in neglected tropical diseases: A focus on parasites. Diagnostics (Basel) 11: 521.
-
33.
Gadkar VJ , Goldfarb DM , Gantt S , Tilley PAG , 2018. Real-time detection and monitoring of loop mediated amplification (LAMP) reaction using self-quenching and de-quenching fluorogenic probes. Sci Rep 8: 5548.
-
34.
Gong L , Tang F , Liu E , Liu X , Xu H , Wang Y , Song Y , Liang J , 2021. Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay combined with a nanoparticle-based lateral flow biosensor for rapid detection of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1. PLoS One 16: e0249582.
-
35.
Parija SC , Khairnar K , 2007. Detection of excretory Entamoeba histolytica DNA in the urine, and detection of E. histolytica DNA and lectin antigen in the liver abscess pus for the diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess. BMC Microbiol 7: 41.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1968 | 1968 | 58 |
| Full Text Views | 89 | 89 | 25 |
| PDF Downloads | 80 | 80 | 14 |
Evaluation of Molecular Assays for Diagnosis of Amoebic Liver Abscess in India with Bayesian Latent Class Analysis
Sitara Swarna Rao Ajjampur
sitararao@cmcvellore.ac.in
Sitara Swarna Rao Ajjampur
The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;
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Sanket Mankad
Sanket Mankad
Department of Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;
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Malathi Manuel
Malathi Manuel
The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;
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Renita Ruth
Renita Ruth
The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;
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Ashok D. Prabakaran
Ashok D. Prabakaran
The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;
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Venkateshprabhu Janagaraj
Venkateshprabhu Janagaraj
The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;
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Thambu David
Thambu David
Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;
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Philip Joseph
Philip Joseph
Department of Hepatopancreatico Biliary Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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Priscilla Rupali
prisci@cmcvellore.ac.in
Priscilla Rupali
Department of Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;
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ABSTRACT.
Amoebic liver abscess (ALA) is the most common extra-intestinal complication of Entamoeba histolytica, accounting for 50,000 deaths annually, and is endemic in South Asia. Diagnosis based on microscopic examination is insensitive, and serological assays are not discerning of current infections in endemic settings with high exposure. For a rapid and confirmatory laboratory diagnosis of ALA, the performance of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative real time PCR (qPCR), digital droplet PCR (ddPCR), and a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay that detects E. histolytica DNA in liver abscess pus, and a lectin antigen detection ELISA were evaluated against clinical diagnosis (based on predefined criteria) as the gold standard. Owing to the lack of a laboratory gold standard, a Bayesian latent class analysis approach was also used to determine sensitivity and specificity of these assays. In the latent class analysis, qPCR and ddPCR showed the highest sensitivity (98% and 98.1%) and specificity (both 96.6%), and although clinical diagnosis had a comparable sensitivity to qPCR and ddPCR (95.2%), poorer specificity (64.3%) was seen. Kappa agreement analysis showed that qPCR and ddPCR had a perfect agreement of 1 followed by an agreement of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.64–0.88) with PCR. Considering the performance characteristics and relative ease of setting up qPCR as well as the wide availability of qPCR equipment needed, this would be the most optimal assay for rapid, confirmatory, molecular diagnosis of ALA in the tertiary care laboratory setting in India, whereas further optimization of LAMP or antibody-based detection is required for use at smaller or secondary hospitals.
- Supplemental Materials (PDF 186.51 KB)
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was supported by an institutional grant (
Disclosure: The Institutional Review Board of Christian Medical College, Vellore (IRB Min no.7491, dated 28.04.2011) reviewed and approved the study. Written informed consent was obtained from all study subjects prior to enrollment.
Current contact information: Sitara Swarna Rao Ajjampur, Malathi Manuel, Renita Ruth, Ashok D Prabakaran, and Venkateshprabhu Janagaraj, The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India, E-mails: sitararao@cmcvellore.ac.in, malathimanuel25@gmail.com, renita@cmcvellore.ac.in, ashokdani@gmail.com, and venkateshjanagaraj@gmail.com. Sanket Mankad and Priscilla Rupali, Department of Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India, E-mails: drsanketmankad@gmail.com and prisci@cmcvellore.ac.in. Thambu David, Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, E-mail: thambu@cmcvellore.ac.in. Philip Joseph, Department of Hepatopancreatico Biliary Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, E-mail: pj1982@cmcvellore.ac.in.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Kumanan T , Sujanitha V , Sreeharan N , 2020. Amoebic liver abscess: A neglected tropical disease. Lancet Infect Dis 20: 160–162.
-
2.
Khim G , Em S , Mo S , Townell N , 2019. Liver abscess: Diagnostic and management issues found in the low resource setting. Br Med Bull 132: 45–52.
-
3.
Blessmann J , Van Linh P , Nu PAT , Thi HD , Muller-Myhsok B , Buss H , Tannich E , 2002. Epidemiology of amebiasis in a region of high incidence of amebic liver abscess in central Vietnam. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 578–583.
-
4.
Tharmaratnam T et al., 2020. Entamoeba histolytica and amoebic liver abscess in northern Sri Lanka: A public health problem. Trop Med Health 48: 2.
-
5.
Neill L , Edwards F , Collin SM , Harrington D , Wakerley D , Rao GG , McGregor AC , 2019. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in a cohort of patients with pyogenic and amoebic liver abscess. BMC Infect Dis 19: 490.
-
6.
Singh A , Banerjee T , Kumar R , Shukla SK , 2019. Prevalence of cases of amebic liver abscess in a tertiary care centre in India: A study on risk factors, associated microflora and strain variation of Entamoeba histolytica. PLoS One 14: e0214880.
-
7.
Singh A , Banerjee T , Shukla SK , 2021. Factors associated with high rates of recurrence of amebic liver abscess (ALA) in north India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 104: 1383–1387.
-
8.
Fotedar R , Stark D , Beebe N , Marriott D , Ellis J , Harkness J , 2007. Laboratory diagnostic techniques for Entamoeba species. Clin Microbiol Rev 20: 511–532.
-
9.
Haque R , Mollah NU , Ali IK , Alam K , Eubanks A , Lyerly D , Petri WA , 2000. Diagnosis of amebic liver abscess and intestinal infection with the TechLab Entamoeba histolytica II antigen detection and antibody tests. J Clin Microbiol 38: 3235–3323.
-
10.
Dhanalakshmi S , Meenachi C , Parija SC , 2016. Indirect haemagglutination test in comparison with ELISA for detection of antibodies against invasive amoebiasis. J Clin Diagn Res 10: DC05–DC08.
-
11.
Noordin R , Yunus MH , Saidin S , Mohamed Z , Fuentes Corripio I , Rubio JM , Golkar M , Hisam S , Lee R , Mahmud R , 2020. Multi-laboratory evaluation of a lateral flow rapid test for detection of amebic liver abscess. Am J Trop Med Hyg 103: 2233–2238.
-
12.
Saidin S , Othman N , Noordin R , 2019. Update on laboratory diagnosis of amoebiasis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 38: 15–38.
-
13.
Khan U , Mirdha BR , Samantaray JC , Sharma MP , 2006. Detection of Entamoeba histolytica using polymerase chain reaction in pus samples from amebic liver abscess. Indian J Gastroenterol 25: 55–57.
-
14.
Dinoop KP , Parija SC , Mandal J , Swaminathan RP , Narayanan P , 2016. Comparison of nested-multiplex, Taqman & SYBR Green real-time PCR in diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess in a tertiary health care institute in India. Indian J Med Res 143: 49–56.
-
15.
Singh P , Mirdha BR , Ahuja V , Singh S , 2013. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid detection of Entamoeba histolytica in amoebic liver abscess. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 29: 27–32.
-
16.
Handa D , Gupta M , Lehl SS , Gupta A , Singh R , 2021. Utility of loop-mediated isothermal amplification as a point-of-care test in diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess. Trop Doct 51: 488–491.
-
17.
Ghelfenstein-Ferreira T , Gits-Muselli M , Dellière S , Denis B , Guigue N , Hamane S , Alanio A , Bretagne S , 2020. Entamoeba histolytica DNA detection in serum from patients with suspected amoebic liver abscess. J Clin Microbiol 58: e01153–e20.
-
18.
Liang S-Y et al., 2009. Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of Entamoeba histolytica. J Clin Microbiol 47: 1892–1895.
-
19.
Verweij JJ , Blangé RA , Templeton K , Schinkel J , Brienen EAT , van Rooyen MAA , van Lieshout L , Polderman AM , 2004. Simultaneous detection of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium parvum in fecal samples by using multiplex real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 42: 1220–1223.
-
20.
Kiselinova M , Pasternak AO , De Spiegelaere W , Vogelaers D , Berkhout B , Vandekerckhove L , 2014. Comparison of droplet digital PCR and seminested real-time PCR for quantification of cell-associated HIV-1 RNA. PLoS One 9: e85999.
-
21.
Srisutham S , Saralamba N , Malleret B , Rénia L , Dondorp AM , Imwong M , 2017. Four human Plasmodium species quantification using droplet digital PCR. PLoS One 12: e0175771.
-
22.
Li Y , Lord-Bessen J , Shiyko M , Loeb R , 2018. Bayesian latent class analysis tutorial. Multivariate Behav Res 53: 430–451.
-
23.
McHugh ML , 2012. Interrater reliability: The kappa statistic. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 22: 276–282.
-
24.
Chaudhary S , Noor MT , Jain S , Kumar R , Thakur BS , 2016. Amoebic liver abscess: A report from central India. Trop Doct 46: 12–15.
-
25.
Sharma N , Sharma A , Varma S , Lal A , Singh V , 2010. Amoebic liver abscess in the medical emergency of a north Indian hospital. BMC Res Notes 3: 21.
-
26.
Amarapurkar DN , Patel N , Amarapurkar AD , 2003. Amoebic liver abscess. J Hepatol 39: 291–292.
-
27.
Jackson-Akers JY , Prakash V , Oliver TI , 2022. Amebic liver abscess. StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing.
-
28.
Ghosh S , Sharma S , Gadpayle AK , Gupta HK , Mahajan RK , Sahoo R , Kumar N , 2014. Clinical, laboratory, and management profile in patients of liver abscess from northern India. J Trop Med 2014: 142382.
-
30.
Iamrod K et al., 2021. Development and efficacy of droplet digital PCR for detection of Strongyloides stercoralis in stool. Am J Trop Med Hyg 106: 312–319.
-
31.
Weerakoon KG , Gordon CA , Williams GM , Cai P , Gobert GN , Olveda RM , Ross AG , Olveda DU , McManus DP , 2017. Droplet digital PCR diagnosis of human schistosomiasis: Parasite cell-free DNA detection in diverse clinical samples. J Infect Dis 216: 1611–1622.
-
32.
García-Bernalt Diego J , Fernández-Soto P , Muro A , 2021. LAMP in neglected tropical diseases: A focus on parasites. Diagnostics (Basel) 11: 521.
-
33.
Gadkar VJ , Goldfarb DM , Gantt S , Tilley PAG , 2018. Real-time detection and monitoring of loop mediated amplification (LAMP) reaction using self-quenching and de-quenching fluorogenic probes. Sci Rep 8: 5548.
-
34.
Gong L , Tang F , Liu E , Liu X , Xu H , Wang Y , Song Y , Liang J , 2021. Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay combined with a nanoparticle-based lateral flow biosensor for rapid detection of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1. PLoS One 16: e0249582.
-
35.
Parija SC , Khairnar K , 2007. Detection of excretory Entamoeba histolytica DNA in the urine, and detection of E. histolytica DNA and lectin antigen in the liver abscess pus for the diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess. BMC Microbiol 7: 41.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1968 | 1968 | 58 |
| Full Text Views | 89 | 89 | 25 |
| PDF Downloads | 80 | 80 | 14 |