Authors:
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and
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Reference Manager
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-
1.
Burgdorfer W , 1960. Colorado tick fever. II. The behavior of Colorado tick fever virus in rodents. J Infect Dis 107: 384–388.
-
2.
Clark GM , Clifford CM , Fadness LV , Jones EK , 1970. Contributions to the ecology of Colorado tick fever virus. J Med Entomol 7: 189–197.
-
3.
Williamson BN , Fischer RJ , Lopez JE , Ebihara H , Schwan TG , 2019. Prevalence and strains of Colorado tick fever virus in Rocky Mountain wood ticks in the Bitterroot Valley, Montana. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 19: 694–702.
-
4.
Harris EK , Foy BD , Ebel GD , 2023. Colorado tick fever virus: A review of historical literature and research emphasis for a modern era. J Med Entomol 60: 1214–1220.
-
5.
Bowen GS & Monath TP The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 159–176.
-
6.
Goodpasture HC , Poland JD , Francy DB , Bowen GS , Horn KA , 1978. Colorado tick fever: Clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory aspects of 228 cases in Colorado in 1973–1974. Ann Intern Med 88: 303–310.
-
7.
Brackney MM , Marfin AA , Staples JE , Stallones L , Keefe T , Black WC , Campbell GL , 2010. Epidemiology of Colorado tick fever in Montana, Utah, and Wyoming, 1995–2003. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 10: 381–385.
-
8.
Spruance SL , Bailey A , 1973. Colorado tick fever. A review of 115 laboratory confirmed cases. Arch Intern Med 131: 288–293.
-
9.
McDonald E et al., 2019. Notes from the field: Investigation of Colorado tick fever virus disease cases—Oregon, 2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 68: 289–290.
-
10.
Soto RA et al., 2023. Increase in Colorado tick fever virus disease cases and effect of COVID-19 pandemic on behaviors and testing practices, Montana, 2020. Emerg Infect Dis 29: 561–568.
-
11.
Yendell SJ , Fischer M , Staples JE , 2015. Colorado tick fever in the United States, 2002–2012. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 15: 311–316.
-
12.
James AM , Freier JE , Keirans JE , Durden LA , Mertins JW , Schlater JL , 2006. Distribution, seasonality, and hosts of the Rocky Mountain wood tick in the United States. J Med Entomol 43: 17–24.
-
13.
Kadkhoda K , Semus M , Jelic T , Walkty A , 2018. Case report: A case of Colorado tick fever acquired in southwestern Saskatchewan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 98: 891–893.
-
14.
Padgett KA , Kjemtrup A , Novak M , Velez JO , Panella N , 2022. Colorado tick fever virus in the far west: Forgotten, but not gone. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 22: 443–448.
-
15.
Eisen L , Ibarra-Juarez LA , Eisen RJ , Piesman J , 2008. Indicators for elevated risk of human exposure to host-seeking adults of the Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni) in Colorado. J Vector Ecol 33: 117–128.
-
16.
Geissler AL , Thorp E , Van Houten C , Lanciotti RS , Panella N , Cadwell BL , Murphy T , Staples JE , 2014. Infection with Colorado tick fever virus among humans and ticks in a national park and forest, Wyoming, 2010. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 14: 675–680.
-
17.
Lambert AJ , Kosoy O , Velez JO , Russell BJ , Lanciotti RS , 2007. Detection of Colorado tick fever viral RNA in acute human serum samples by a quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay. J Virol Methods 140: 43–48.
-
18.
United States Census Bureau , 2023. 2020 Census. Available at: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade/2020/2020-census-main.html. Accessed June 30, 2023.
-
19.
McDonald E , Mathis S , Martin SW , Staples JE , Fischer M , Lindsey NP , 2021. Surveillance for West Nile virus disease—United States, 2009–2018. MMWR Surveill Summ 70: 1–15.
-
20.
Calisher CH , Poland JD , Calisher SB , Warmoth LA , 1985. Diagnosis of Colorado tick fever virus infection by enzyme immunoassays for immunoglobulin M and G antibodies. J Clin Microbiol 22: 84–88.
-
21.
Emmons RW , Dondero DV , Devlin V , Lennette EH , 1969. Serologic diagnosis of Colorado tick fever. A comparison of complement-fixation, immunofluorescence, and plaque-reduction methods. Am J Trop Med Hyg 18: 796–802.
-
22.
Hughes HR , Velez JO , Fitzpatrick K , Davis EH , Russell BJ , Lambert AJ , Staples JE , Brault AC , 2021. Genomic evaluation of the genus Coltivirus indicates genetic diversity among Colorado tick fever virus strains and demarcation of a new species. Diseases 9: 92.
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| Abstract Views | 2595 | 2595 | 166 |
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Colorado Tick Fever in the United States, 2013–2022
Anna Fagre
Anna Fagre
Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado;
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Jennifer Lehman
Jennifer Lehman
Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado;
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Susan L. Hills
Susan L. Hills
Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado;
Search for other papers by Susan L. Hills in
Current site
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Search for other papers by Susan L. Hills in
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ABSTRACT.
Colorado tick fever (CTF) virus is an arbovirus maintained in an enzootic cycle between Rocky Mountain wood ticks (Dermacentor andersoni) and rodent species in the western United States. Individuals with CTF typically present with symptoms including fever, headache, myalgia, and lethargy, with a biphasic illness frequently occurring. We reviewed data on CTF cases reported to the national U.S. arboviral disease surveillance system and identified through testing at the CDC to characterize the epidemiology of CTF from 2013–2022. During this period, 148 CTF cases were identified, all likely infected in an endemic area in one of six states (Montana, Wyoming, Oregon, Colorado, Utah, Idaho). A median of 11 cases (range: 5–37) were identified per year, with an average annual national incidence of 0.04 cases per million population. The median age of cases was 55 years (range: 1–84 years), and 96 (65%) were male. Most (n = 145; 98%) cases acquired infection from April through July. The hospitalization rate was 16% (16 of 102 cases with data), and no deaths were reported. These findings substantiate the continued circulation of CTF virus in the western United States, highlighting the importance of implementing approaches to ensure CTF awareness for medical providers and providing education on tick bite prevention strategies for residents and visitors to risk areas.
Author Notes
Disclosures: The findings and conclusions of this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Current contact information: Anna Fagre, Jennifer Lehman, and Susan L. Hills, Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, E-mails: anna.fagre@gmail.com, jlehman@cdc.gov, and shills@cdc.gov.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Burgdorfer W , 1960. Colorado tick fever. II. The behavior of Colorado tick fever virus in rodents. J Infect Dis 107: 384–388.
-
2.
Clark GM , Clifford CM , Fadness LV , Jones EK , 1970. Contributions to the ecology of Colorado tick fever virus. J Med Entomol 7: 189–197.
-
3.
Williamson BN , Fischer RJ , Lopez JE , Ebihara H , Schwan TG , 2019. Prevalence and strains of Colorado tick fever virus in Rocky Mountain wood ticks in the Bitterroot Valley, Montana. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 19: 694–702.
-
4.
Harris EK , Foy BD , Ebel GD , 2023. Colorado tick fever virus: A review of historical literature and research emphasis for a modern era. J Med Entomol 60: 1214–1220.
-
5.
Bowen GS & Monath TP The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 159–176.
-
6.
Goodpasture HC , Poland JD , Francy DB , Bowen GS , Horn KA , 1978. Colorado tick fever: Clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory aspects of 228 cases in Colorado in 1973–1974. Ann Intern Med 88: 303–310.
-
7.
Brackney MM , Marfin AA , Staples JE , Stallones L , Keefe T , Black WC , Campbell GL , 2010. Epidemiology of Colorado tick fever in Montana, Utah, and Wyoming, 1995–2003. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 10: 381–385.
-
8.
Spruance SL , Bailey A , 1973. Colorado tick fever. A review of 115 laboratory confirmed cases. Arch Intern Med 131: 288–293.
-
9.
McDonald E et al., 2019. Notes from the field: Investigation of Colorado tick fever virus disease cases—Oregon, 2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 68: 289–290.
-
10.
Soto RA et al., 2023. Increase in Colorado tick fever virus disease cases and effect of COVID-19 pandemic on behaviors and testing practices, Montana, 2020. Emerg Infect Dis 29: 561–568.
-
11.
Yendell SJ , Fischer M , Staples JE , 2015. Colorado tick fever in the United States, 2002–2012. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 15: 311–316.
-
12.
James AM , Freier JE , Keirans JE , Durden LA , Mertins JW , Schlater JL , 2006. Distribution, seasonality, and hosts of the Rocky Mountain wood tick in the United States. J Med Entomol 43: 17–24.
-
13.
Kadkhoda K , Semus M , Jelic T , Walkty A , 2018. Case report: A case of Colorado tick fever acquired in southwestern Saskatchewan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 98: 891–893.
-
14.
Padgett KA , Kjemtrup A , Novak M , Velez JO , Panella N , 2022. Colorado tick fever virus in the far west: Forgotten, but not gone. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 22: 443–448.
-
15.
Eisen L , Ibarra-Juarez LA , Eisen RJ , Piesman J , 2008. Indicators for elevated risk of human exposure to host-seeking adults of the Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni) in Colorado. J Vector Ecol 33: 117–128.
-
16.
Geissler AL , Thorp E , Van Houten C , Lanciotti RS , Panella N , Cadwell BL , Murphy T , Staples JE , 2014. Infection with Colorado tick fever virus among humans and ticks in a national park and forest, Wyoming, 2010. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 14: 675–680.
-
17.
Lambert AJ , Kosoy O , Velez JO , Russell BJ , Lanciotti RS , 2007. Detection of Colorado tick fever viral RNA in acute human serum samples by a quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay. J Virol Methods 140: 43–48.
-
18.
United States Census Bureau , 2023. 2020 Census. Available at: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade/2020/2020-census-main.html. Accessed June 30, 2023.
-
19.
McDonald E , Mathis S , Martin SW , Staples JE , Fischer M , Lindsey NP , 2021. Surveillance for West Nile virus disease—United States, 2009–2018. MMWR Surveill Summ 70: 1–15.
-
20.
Calisher CH , Poland JD , Calisher SB , Warmoth LA , 1985. Diagnosis of Colorado tick fever virus infection by enzyme immunoassays for immunoglobulin M and G antibodies. J Clin Microbiol 22: 84–88.
-
21.
Emmons RW , Dondero DV , Devlin V , Lennette EH , 1969. Serologic diagnosis of Colorado tick fever. A comparison of complement-fixation, immunofluorescence, and plaque-reduction methods. Am J Trop Med Hyg 18: 796–802.
-
22.
Hughes HR , Velez JO , Fitzpatrick K , Davis EH , Russell BJ , Lambert AJ , Staples JE , Brault AC , 2021. Genomic evaluation of the genus Coltivirus indicates genetic diversity among Colorado tick fever virus strains and demarcation of a new species. Diseases 9: 92.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 2595 | 2595 | 166 |
| Full Text Views | 85 | 85 | 23 |
| PDF Downloads | 109 | 109 | 28 |