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Isolation and Growth Kinetics of Bogoria Virus from Phlebotomine Sandflies Sampled in Baringo, Kenya

Jane Wambui Thiiru Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate—Africa, Nairobi, Kenya;
Institute for Biotechnology Research, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya;

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Solomon Langat Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya;

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Francis Mulwa Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya;

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Stephanie Cinkovich Global Emerging Infections Surveillance Branch, U.S. Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division, Silver Spring, Maryland;

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Hellen Koka Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya;

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Santos Yalwala Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate—Africa, Nairobi, Kenya;

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Samoel Khamadi Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya;

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Justus Onguso Institute for Biotechnology Research, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya;

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Nicholas Odemba Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate—Africa, Nairobi, Kenya;

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Francis Ngere Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate—Africa, Nairobi, Kenya;

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Jaree Johnson U.S. Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Silver Spring, Maryland

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Timothy Egbo Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate—Africa, Nairobi, Kenya;

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Eric Garges Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate—Africa, Nairobi, Kenya;

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Elly Ojwang Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate—Africa, Nairobi, Kenya;

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Fredrick Eyase Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate—Africa, Nairobi, Kenya;
Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya;

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.24-0032
Volume/Issue:
Volume 111: Issue 2
Page(s):
412–415
Restricted access
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ABSTRACT.

Phleboviruses are an emerging threat to public health. Recent surveillance efforts in Kenya have unveiled novel phleboviruses. Despite these efforts, there remain knowledge gaps. This study tested female sandflies from diverse ecological settings in Kenya for arboviruses. Sandfly pools were cultured in Vero-CCL cells. Pools showing reproducible cytopathic effects were subjected to next-generation sequencing, followed by phylogenetic analysis. In vitro, cell kinetics analysis was performed using both Vero-E6 cells and C6/36 mosquito cells. One pool from Baringo, Kenya, tested positive for Bogoria virus (BOGV). The BOGV genome clustered in a single clade with previously obtained BOGV genomes. No significant differences were observed between Vero and C6/36 cell growth kinetics. This study has confirmed the presence of BOGV among sandflies in Baringo Kenya and demonstrated growth in mosquito cells.

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Author Notes

Financial support: This work was funded by the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch (AFHSB) and its Global Emerging Infections Surveillance Section, FY2022 ProMIS ID: P0116_22_KY and FY2023 ProMIS ID P0094_23_KY. The material has been reviewed by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. There is no objection to its presentation or publication. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the true views of the U.S. Department of the Army or Department of Defense.

Current contact information: Jane Wambui Thiiru, Institute for Biotechnology Research, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya, and Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate—Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, E-mail: janethiiru@gmail.com. Solomon Langat, Francis Mulwa, Hellen Koka, and Samoel Khamadi, Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya, E-mails: lsolomon@kemri.org, afmusili@kemri.go.ke, hellenkoka@gmail.com, and skhamadi@kemri.go.ke. Stephanie Cinkovich, Global Emerging Infections Surveillance Branch, U.S. Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division, Silver Spring, MD, E-mail: stephanie.s.cinkovich.ctr@health.mil. Santos Yalwala, Nicholas Odemba, Francis Ngere, Timothy Egbo, Eric Garges, and Elly Ojwang, Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate—Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, E-mails: santos.yalwala@usamru-k.org, nicholas.odemba@usamru-k.org, francis.ngere@usamru-k.org, timothy.e.egbo.mil@health.mil, eric.c.garges.mil@health.mil, and elly.h.ojwang.mil@health.mil. Justus Onguso, Institute for Biotechnology Research, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya, E-mail: jonguso@jkuat.ac.ke. Jaree Johnson, U.S. Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Silver Spring, MD, E-mail: jaree.l.johnson.mil@mail.mil. Fredrick Eyase, Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate—Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, and Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya, E-mail: fredrick.eyase@usamru-k.org.

Address correspondence to Jane Wambui Thiiru, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya. E-mail: janethiiru@gmail.com
Copyright:
© American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2024
Received:
16 Jan 2024
|
Accepted:
15 Mar 2024
|
Published Online:
25 Jun 2024
Cover The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Print ISSN:
0002-9637
Online ISSN:
1476-1645
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