ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Bettencourt P , 2020. Current challenges in the identification of pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine candidate antigens. Front Immunol 11: 190.
-
2.
Mazzucchelli M , Frustaci AM , Deodato M , Cairoli R , Tedeschi A , 2018. Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia: An update. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 10: e2018004.
-
3.
Freeman MC et al., 2019. Challenges and opportunities for control and elimination of soil-transmitted helminth infection beyond 2020. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 13: e0007201.
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4.
World Health Organization , 2023. World Malaria Report 2023. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
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World Health Organization , 2023. Soil Transmitted Helminths Infection Report. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
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Montresor A et al., 2020. The global progress of soil-transmitted helminthiases control in 2020 and World Health Organization targets for 2030. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 14: e0008505.
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7.
Leta GT et al., 2020. National mapping of soil-transmitted helminth and schistosome infections in Ethiopia. Parasit Vectors 13: 1–13.
-
8.
Tembo S , Mubita P , Sitali L , Zgambo J , 2019. Prevalence, intensity, and factors associated with soil-transmitted helminths infection among children in Zambia: A cross-sectional study. Open Public Health J 12: 284.
-
9.
Antia M , Herricks T , Rathod PK , 2007. Microfluidic modeling of cell−cell interactions in malaria pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog 3: e99.
-
10.
Rodríguez-Sánchez A , 2021. Examining the Co-Infection Effects of Helminths and Malaria in an Indonesian Community. Master’s Thesis, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. Available at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/1070/. Accessed May 24, 2024.
-
11.
Haldar K , Mohandas N , 2009. Malaria, erythrocytic infection, and anemia. ASH Education Program Book. 2009: 87–93.
-
12.
Pullan RL , Smith JL , Jasrasaria R , Brooker SJ , 2014. Global numbers of infection and disease burden of soil transmitted helminth infections in 2010. Parasit Vectors 7: 1–19.
-
13.
Afolabi MO et al., 2022. Prevalence and distribution pattern of malaria and soil-transmitted helminth co-endemicity in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2018: A geospatial analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 16: e0010321.
-
14.
Mkandawire TT , Grencis RK , Berriman M , Duque-Correa MA , 2022. Hatching of parasitic nematode eggs: A crucial step determining infection. Trends Parasitol 38: 174–187.
-
15.
Weaver HJ , Hawdon JM , Hoberg EP , 2010. Soil-transmitted helminthiases: Implications of climate change and human behavior. Trends Parasitol 26: 574–581.
-
16.
Akinbo FO , Okaka C , Omoregie R , 2010. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among HIV patients in Benin City, Nigeria. Libyan J Med 5: 5506.
-
17.
Ezeamama AE , Friedman JF , Acosta LP , Bellinger DC , Langdon GC , Manalo DL , Olveda RM , Kurtis JD , McGarvey ST , 2005. Helminth infection and cognitive impairment among Filipino children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 540.
-
18.
Mireku MO , Boivin MJ , Davidson LL , Ouédraogo S , Koura GK , Alao MJ , Massougbodji A , Cot M , Bodeau-Livinec F , 2015. Impact of helminth infection during pregnancy on cognitive and motor functions of one-year-old children. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003463.
-
19.
Tapajós R et al., 2019. Malaria impact on cognitive function of children in a peri-urban community in the Brazilian Amazon. Malar J 18: 1–12.
-
20.
Tesfaye A , Teshome T , 2022. Prevalence and associated factors of malaria infection among outpatients visiting Shewa Robit Health Center, northcentral Ethiopia. J Trop Med 2022: 1784012.
-
21.
Tuasha N , Hailemeskel E , Erko B , Petros B , 2019. Comorbidity of intestinal helminthiases among malaria outpatients of Wondo Genet Health Centers, southern Ethiopia: Implications for integrated control. BMC Infect Dis 19: 1–8.
-
22.
World Health Organization , 2016. Recording and Reporting Microscopy Results. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
23.
World Health Organization , 1991. Basic Laboratory Methods in Medical Parasitology. Available at: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/40793. Accessed May 24, 2024.
-
24.
World Health Organization , 2002. Prevention and Control of Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis: Report of a WHO expert committee. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
25.
De Silva NR , Brooker S , Hotez PJ , Montresor A , Engels D , Savioli L , 2003. Soil-transmitted helminth infections: Updating the global picture. Trends Parasitol 19: 547–551.
-
26.
Degarege A , Animut A , Legesse M , Erko B , 2010. Malaria and helminth co-infections in outpatients of Alaba Kulito Health Center, southern Ethiopia: A cross sectional study. BMC Res Notes 3: 1–7.
-
27.
Alemu A , Shiferaw Y , Ambachew A , Hamid H , 2012. Malaria helminth co-infections and their contribution for aneamia in febrile patients attending Azzezo Health Center, Gondar, northwest Ethiopia: A cross sectional study. Asian Pac J Trop Med 5: 803–809.
-
28.
Teklemariam A , Alemseged M , Adugna S , 2018. Malaria-intestinal helminthes co-infection among patients in Wolkite Health Center and Attat Hospital, Gurage Zone, southern Ethiopia. J Parasitol Vector Biol 10: 26–32.
-
29.
Degarege A , Legesse M , Medhin G , Animut A , Erko B , 2012. Malaria and related outcomes in patients with intestinal helminths: A cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 12: 1–9.
-
30.
Kepha S , Nuwaha F , Nikolay B , Gichuki P , Edwards T , Allen E , Njenga SM , Mwandawiro CS , Brooker SJ , 2015. Epidemiology of co-infection with soil transmitted helminths and Plasmodium falciparum among school children in Bumula District in western Kenya. Parasit Vectors 8: 1–10.
-
31.
Bwanika R , Kato CD , Welishe J , Mwandah DC , 2018. Cytokine profiles among patients co-infected with Plasmodium falciparum malaria and soil borne helminths attending Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, in Uganda. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 14: 1–9.
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32.
Geus D et al., 2019. Co‐infections with Plasmodium, Ascaris and Giardia among Rwandan schoolchildren. Trop Med Int Health 24: 409–420.
-
33.
Othman N , Basuni M , Muhi J , Miswan N , Noordin R , 2015. Soil-transmitted helminth infections among malaria patients determined by microscopy and real-time PCR methods at two district hospitals in Sarawak, Malaysia. Trop Biomed 32: 710–716.
-
34.
Njunda AL , Fon SG , Assob JCN , Nsagha DS , Kwenti TDB , Kwenti TE , 2015. Coinfection with malaria and intestinal parasites, and its association with anaemia in children in Cameroon. Infect Dis Poverty 4: 1–7.
-
35.
Hailu T , Yimer M , Mulu W , Abera B , 2018. Synergetic effects of Plasmodium, hookworm, and Schistosoma mansoni infections on hemoglobin level among febrile school age children in Jawe Worda, northwest Ethiopia. J Parasitol Res 2018: 9573413.
-
36.
Delil RK , Dileba TK , Habtu YA , Gone TF , Leta TJ , 2016. Magnitude of malaria and factors among febrile cases in low transmission areas of Hadiya zone, Ethiopia: A facility based cross sectional study. PLoS One 11: e0154277.
-
37.
Duguma T , Tekalign E , Muleta D , Simieneh A , 2022. Malaria prevalence and risk factors among patients visiting Mizan Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. PLoS One 17: e0271771.
-
38.
Hailu T , Alemu M , Mulu W , Abera B , 2018. Incidence of Plasmodium infections and determinant factors among febrile children in a district of northwest Ethiopia; a cross-sectional study. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 4: 1–6.
-
39.
Sumari D , Mwingira F , Selemani M , Mugasa J , Mugittu K , Gwakisa P , 2017. Malaria prevalence in asymptomatic and symptomatic children in Kiwangwa, Bagamoyo district, Tanzania. Malar J 16: 1–7.
-
40.
Halliday KE et al., 2019. Community-level epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminths in the context of school-based deworming: Baseline results of a cluster randomised trial on the coast of Kenya. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 13: e0007427.
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41.
Zeynudin A et al., 2022. Prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminth infections and associated risk factors among household heads living in the peri-urban areas of Jimma town, Oromia, Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study. PLoS One 17: e0274702.
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42.
Masaku J , Mutungi F , Gichuki PM , Okoyo C , Njomo DW , Njenga SM , 2017. High prevalence of helminths infection and associated risk factors among adults living in a rural setting, central Kenya: A cross-sectional study. Trop Med Health 45: 1–9.
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43.
Costa MM , Penido M , dos Santos MS , Doro D , de Freitas E , Michalick MSM , Grimaldi G , Gazzinelli RT , Fernandes AP , 2012. Improved canine and human visceral leishmaniasis immunodiagnosis using combinations of synthetic peptides in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1622.
-
44.
Tekalign E , Bajiro M , Ayana M , Tiruneh A , Belay T , 2019. Prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminth infection among rural community of southwest Ethiopia: A community-based study. BioMed Res Int 2019: 3687873.
-
45.
Igore K , Payne V , Nadia N , Cedric Y , 2020. Risk factors associated with prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasitic infections within households in Tonga Sub-Division, West Region, Cameroon. J Infect Dis Epidemiol. 6: 123.
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46.
Adu-Gyasi D et al., 2018. Epidemiology of soil transmitted helminth infections in the middle-belt of Ghana, Africa. Parasite Epidemiol Control 3: e00071.
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47.
Ayalew S , Mamo H , Animut A , Erko B , 2016. Assessment of current malaria status in light of the ongoing control interventions, socio-demographic and environmental variables in Jiga Area, northwest Ethiopia. PLoS One 11: e0146214.
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48.
Abebaw A , Aschale Y , Kebede T , Hailu A , 2022. The prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria and its associated factors in Debre Elias District communities, northwest Ethiopia. Malar J 21: 1–10.
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49.
Assefa G , Alemu M , Ayehu A , 2023. High prevalence of hookworm species and associated factors among soil-transmitted helminth-infected household contacts in Burie Zuria District, northwest Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study. BioMed Res Int 2023: 6553913.
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50.
Kinung’hi SM et al., 2017. Coinfection of intestinal schistosomiasis and malaria and association with haemoglobin levels and nutritional status in school children in Mara region, Northwestern Tanzania: A cross-sectional exploratory study. BMC Res Notes 10: 1–11.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 795 | 795 | 168 |
| Full Text Views | 33 | 33 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 47 | 47 | 2 |
Prevalence of Plasmodium and Soil-Transmitted Helminth Coinfection and Associated Factors among Malaria-Suspected Patients Attending Shewa Robit Health Center, North-Central Ethiopia
Geletaw Asemahegn
Geletaw Asemahegn
Mehal Meda General Hospital, North Shewa Zone, Amhara National Regional Health Bureau, Ethiopia;
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Tadesse Hailu
Tadesse Hailu
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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Animen Ayehu
Animen Ayehu
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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ABSTRACT.
Plasmodium and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) coinfection is a major public health problem in developing countries. Its prevalence and associated factors are poorly addressed in the available research. Therefore, this study aimed to assess Plasmodium–STH coinfection prevalence and associated factors among malaria-suspected patients attending Shewa Robit Health Center, north-central Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 379 malaria-suspected patients attending Shewa Robit Health Center from April to May 2023. Stool and blood samples were collected from each participant. Plasmodium and STHs were detected from blood and stool samples by using blood film and the Kato–Katz method, respectively. Data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and analyzed by SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics were used to compute Plasmodium–STH coinfection. Logistic regression was used to identify associated factors. Variables with a P-value <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Among the study participants, 27.9%, 20.3%, and 13.4% were positive for Plasmodium, STHs, and Plasmodium–STH coinfection, respectively. The prevalence of Plasmodium–Ascaris lumbricoides coinfection was high (7.6%). Unavailability of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs), improper use of ITNs, absence of indoor residual spraying, presence of stagnant water, and previous malaria infection were significantly associated (P <0.01) with Plasmodium infection. Being illiterate, using an unimproved latrine, having an untrimmed fingernail, and practicing open defecation were also significantly associated (P <0.03), with STH infection. Being male, illiterate, and living in rural areas were significantly associated (P <0.03) with Plasmodium–STH coinfection. The prevalence of Plasmodium–STH coinfection was high in malaria-endemic areas. Therefore, malaria-suspected cases should be checked for STH infection.
Author Notes
Financial support: The budget for this project was covered by
Disclosure: Ethical approval was first obtained from the Ethical Review Committee of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University (protocol no. 742/2023).
Current contact information: Geletaw Asemahegn, Mehal Meda General Hospital, North Shewa Zone, Amhara Regional Health Bureau, Ethiopia, E-mail: geletawase2014@gmail.com. Tadesse Hailu and Animen Ayehu, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, E-mails: tadessehailu89@gmail.com and anex296ayehu.utd@gmail.com
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Bettencourt P , 2020. Current challenges in the identification of pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine candidate antigens. Front Immunol 11: 190.
-
2.
Mazzucchelli M , Frustaci AM , Deodato M , Cairoli R , Tedeschi A , 2018. Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia: An update. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 10: e2018004.
-
3.
Freeman MC et al., 2019. Challenges and opportunities for control and elimination of soil-transmitted helminth infection beyond 2020. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 13: e0007201.
-
4.
World Health Organization , 2023. World Malaria Report 2023. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
5.
World Health Organization , 2023. Soil Transmitted Helminths Infection Report. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
6.
Montresor A et al., 2020. The global progress of soil-transmitted helminthiases control in 2020 and World Health Organization targets for 2030. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 14: e0008505.
-
7.
Leta GT et al., 2020. National mapping of soil-transmitted helminth and schistosome infections in Ethiopia. Parasit Vectors 13: 1–13.
-
8.
Tembo S , Mubita P , Sitali L , Zgambo J , 2019. Prevalence, intensity, and factors associated with soil-transmitted helminths infection among children in Zambia: A cross-sectional study. Open Public Health J 12: 284.
-
9.
Antia M , Herricks T , Rathod PK , 2007. Microfluidic modeling of cell−cell interactions in malaria pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog 3: e99.
-
10.
Rodríguez-Sánchez A , 2021. Examining the Co-Infection Effects of Helminths and Malaria in an Indonesian Community. Master’s Thesis, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. Available at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/1070/. Accessed May 24, 2024.
-
11.
Haldar K , Mohandas N , 2009. Malaria, erythrocytic infection, and anemia. ASH Education Program Book. 2009: 87–93.
-
12.
Pullan RL , Smith JL , Jasrasaria R , Brooker SJ , 2014. Global numbers of infection and disease burden of soil transmitted helminth infections in 2010. Parasit Vectors 7: 1–19.
-
13.
Afolabi MO et al., 2022. Prevalence and distribution pattern of malaria and soil-transmitted helminth co-endemicity in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2018: A geospatial analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 16: e0010321.
-
14.
Mkandawire TT , Grencis RK , Berriman M , Duque-Correa MA , 2022. Hatching of parasitic nematode eggs: A crucial step determining infection. Trends Parasitol 38: 174–187.
-
15.
Weaver HJ , Hawdon JM , Hoberg EP , 2010. Soil-transmitted helminthiases: Implications of climate change and human behavior. Trends Parasitol 26: 574–581.
-
16.
Akinbo FO , Okaka C , Omoregie R , 2010. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among HIV patients in Benin City, Nigeria. Libyan J Med 5: 5506.
-
17.
Ezeamama AE , Friedman JF , Acosta LP , Bellinger DC , Langdon GC , Manalo DL , Olveda RM , Kurtis JD , McGarvey ST , 2005. Helminth infection and cognitive impairment among Filipino children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 540.
-
18.
Mireku MO , Boivin MJ , Davidson LL , Ouédraogo S , Koura GK , Alao MJ , Massougbodji A , Cot M , Bodeau-Livinec F , 2015. Impact of helminth infection during pregnancy on cognitive and motor functions of one-year-old children. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003463.
-
19.
Tapajós R et al., 2019. Malaria impact on cognitive function of children in a peri-urban community in the Brazilian Amazon. Malar J 18: 1–12.
-
20.
Tesfaye A , Teshome T , 2022. Prevalence and associated factors of malaria infection among outpatients visiting Shewa Robit Health Center, northcentral Ethiopia. J Trop Med 2022: 1784012.
-
21.
Tuasha N , Hailemeskel E , Erko B , Petros B , 2019. Comorbidity of intestinal helminthiases among malaria outpatients of Wondo Genet Health Centers, southern Ethiopia: Implications for integrated control. BMC Infect Dis 19: 1–8.
-
22.
World Health Organization , 2016. Recording and Reporting Microscopy Results. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
23.
World Health Organization , 1991. Basic Laboratory Methods in Medical Parasitology. Available at: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/40793. Accessed May 24, 2024.
-
24.
World Health Organization , 2002. Prevention and Control of Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis: Report of a WHO expert committee. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
25.
De Silva NR , Brooker S , Hotez PJ , Montresor A , Engels D , Savioli L , 2003. Soil-transmitted helminth infections: Updating the global picture. Trends Parasitol 19: 547–551.
-
26.
Degarege A , Animut A , Legesse M , Erko B , 2010. Malaria and helminth co-infections in outpatients of Alaba Kulito Health Center, southern Ethiopia: A cross sectional study. BMC Res Notes 3: 1–7.
-
27.
Alemu A , Shiferaw Y , Ambachew A , Hamid H , 2012. Malaria helminth co-infections and their contribution for aneamia in febrile patients attending Azzezo Health Center, Gondar, northwest Ethiopia: A cross sectional study. Asian Pac J Trop Med 5: 803–809.
-
28.
Teklemariam A , Alemseged M , Adugna S , 2018. Malaria-intestinal helminthes co-infection among patients in Wolkite Health Center and Attat Hospital, Gurage Zone, southern Ethiopia. J Parasitol Vector Biol 10: 26–32.
-
29.
Degarege A , Legesse M , Medhin G , Animut A , Erko B , 2012. Malaria and related outcomes in patients with intestinal helminths: A cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 12: 1–9.
-
30.
Kepha S , Nuwaha F , Nikolay B , Gichuki P , Edwards T , Allen E , Njenga SM , Mwandawiro CS , Brooker SJ , 2015. Epidemiology of co-infection with soil transmitted helminths and Plasmodium falciparum among school children in Bumula District in western Kenya. Parasit Vectors 8: 1–10.
-
31.
Bwanika R , Kato CD , Welishe J , Mwandah DC , 2018. Cytokine profiles among patients co-infected with Plasmodium falciparum malaria and soil borne helminths attending Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, in Uganda. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 14: 1–9.
-
32.
Geus D et al., 2019. Co‐infections with Plasmodium, Ascaris and Giardia among Rwandan schoolchildren. Trop Med Int Health 24: 409–420.
-
33.
Othman N , Basuni M , Muhi J , Miswan N , Noordin R , 2015. Soil-transmitted helminth infections among malaria patients determined by microscopy and real-time PCR methods at two district hospitals in Sarawak, Malaysia. Trop Biomed 32: 710–716.
-
34.
Njunda AL , Fon SG , Assob JCN , Nsagha DS , Kwenti TDB , Kwenti TE , 2015. Coinfection with malaria and intestinal parasites, and its association with anaemia in children in Cameroon. Infect Dis Poverty 4: 1–7.
-
35.
Hailu T , Yimer M , Mulu W , Abera B , 2018. Synergetic effects of Plasmodium, hookworm, and Schistosoma mansoni infections on hemoglobin level among febrile school age children in Jawe Worda, northwest Ethiopia. J Parasitol Res 2018: 9573413.
-
36.
Delil RK , Dileba TK , Habtu YA , Gone TF , Leta TJ , 2016. Magnitude of malaria and factors among febrile cases in low transmission areas of Hadiya zone, Ethiopia: A facility based cross sectional study. PLoS One 11: e0154277.
-
37.
Duguma T , Tekalign E , Muleta D , Simieneh A , 2022. Malaria prevalence and risk factors among patients visiting Mizan Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. PLoS One 17: e0271771.
-
38.
Hailu T , Alemu M , Mulu W , Abera B , 2018. Incidence of Plasmodium infections and determinant factors among febrile children in a district of northwest Ethiopia; a cross-sectional study. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 4: 1–6.
-
39.
Sumari D , Mwingira F , Selemani M , Mugasa J , Mugittu K , Gwakisa P , 2017. Malaria prevalence in asymptomatic and symptomatic children in Kiwangwa, Bagamoyo district, Tanzania. Malar J 16: 1–7.
-
40.
Halliday KE et al., 2019. Community-level epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminths in the context of school-based deworming: Baseline results of a cluster randomised trial on the coast of Kenya. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 13: e0007427.
-
41.
Zeynudin A et al., 2022. Prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminth infections and associated risk factors among household heads living in the peri-urban areas of Jimma town, Oromia, Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study. PLoS One 17: e0274702.
-
42.
Masaku J , Mutungi F , Gichuki PM , Okoyo C , Njomo DW , Njenga SM , 2017. High prevalence of helminths infection and associated risk factors among adults living in a rural setting, central Kenya: A cross-sectional study. Trop Med Health 45: 1–9.
-
43.
Costa MM , Penido M , dos Santos MS , Doro D , de Freitas E , Michalick MSM , Grimaldi G , Gazzinelli RT , Fernandes AP , 2012. Improved canine and human visceral leishmaniasis immunodiagnosis using combinations of synthetic peptides in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1622.
-
44.
Tekalign E , Bajiro M , Ayana M , Tiruneh A , Belay T , 2019. Prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminth infection among rural community of southwest Ethiopia: A community-based study. BioMed Res Int 2019: 3687873.
-
45.
Igore K , Payne V , Nadia N , Cedric Y , 2020. Risk factors associated with prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasitic infections within households in Tonga Sub-Division, West Region, Cameroon. J Infect Dis Epidemiol. 6: 123.
-
46.
Adu-Gyasi D et al., 2018. Epidemiology of soil transmitted helminth infections in the middle-belt of Ghana, Africa. Parasite Epidemiol Control 3: e00071.
-
47.
Ayalew S , Mamo H , Animut A , Erko B , 2016. Assessment of current malaria status in light of the ongoing control interventions, socio-demographic and environmental variables in Jiga Area, northwest Ethiopia. PLoS One 11: e0146214.
-
48.
Abebaw A , Aschale Y , Kebede T , Hailu A , 2022. The prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria and its associated factors in Debre Elias District communities, northwest Ethiopia. Malar J 21: 1–10.
-
49.
Assefa G , Alemu M , Ayehu A , 2023. High prevalence of hookworm species and associated factors among soil-transmitted helminth-infected household contacts in Burie Zuria District, northwest Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study. BioMed Res Int 2023: 6553913.
-
50.
Kinung’hi SM et al., 2017. Coinfection of intestinal schistosomiasis and malaria and association with haemoglobin levels and nutritional status in school children in Mara region, Northwestern Tanzania: A cross-sectional exploratory study. BMC Res Notes 10: 1–11.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 795 | 795 | 168 |
| Full Text Views | 33 | 33 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 47 | 47 | 2 |