Seroprevalence of Arboviruses in a Malaria Hyperendemic Area in Southern Mali

Sidy Bane University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali;

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Kyle Rosenke Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana;

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Friederike Feldmann Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana;

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Kimberly Meade-White Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana;

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Sory Diawara University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali;

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Moussa Keita University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali;

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Ousmane Maiga University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali;

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Mahamadou Diakite University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali;

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David Safronetz Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada

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Seydou Doumbia University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali;

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Nafomon Sogoba University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali;

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Heinz Feldmann Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana;

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ABSTRACT.

Diagnostics for febrile illnesses other than malaria are not readily available in rural sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed exposure to three mosquito-borne arboviruses—dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV)—in southern Mali. Seroprevalence for DENV, CHIKV, and ZIKV was analyzed by detection of IgG antibodies and determined to be 77.2%, 31.2%, and 25.8%, respectively. Among study participants, 11.3% were IgG-positive for all three arboviruses. DENV had the highest seroprevalence rate at all sites; the highest seroprevalence of CHIKV and ZIKV was observed in Bamba. The seroprevalence for all three arboviruses increased with age, and the highest seroprevalence was observed among adults older than 50 years. The prevalence of Plasmodium spp. in the cohort was analyzed by microscopy and determined to be 44.5% (N = 600) with Plasmodium falciparum representing 95.1% of all infections. This study demonstrates the co-circulation of arboviruses in a region hyperendemic for malaria and highlights the needs for arbovirus diagnostics in rural sub-Saharan Africa.

Author Notes

Financial support: This work was funded by the International Centers for Excellence in Research program of the DIR, NIAID, NIH, and supported by a Fogarty International Center Award (No. D43 TW 011818). The funders had no role in study design, data interpretation or decision to publish.

Disclosure: The research protocol was approved by the ethic committees of the Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontostomatology, University of Bamako, and the U.S. National Institutes of Health (Protocol NIH No. 18-I8-N060).

Authors’ addresses: Sidy Bane, Sory Diawara, Moussa Keita, Ousmane Maiga, Mahamadou Diakite, Seydou Doumbia, and Nafomon Sogoba, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali, E-mails: sbane@icermali.org, sdiawara@icermali.org, moussa@icermali.org, maigao2601@gmail.com, mdiakite@icermali.org, sdoumbi@icermali.org, and nafomon@icermali.org. Kyle Rosenke, Kimberly Meade-White, and Heinz Feldmann, Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, E-mails: kyle.rosenke@nih.gov, kmeade-white@niaid.nih.gov, and feldmannh@niaid.nih.gov. Friederike Feldmann, Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, E-mail: feldmannfe@niaid.nih.gov. David Safronetz, Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada, E-mail: david.safronetz@canada.ca.

Address correspondence to Sidy Bane, Virology Laboratory ICER Mali, USTTB/FMOS, Bamako, Mali. E-mail: sbane@icermali.org or Heinz Feldmann, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, 903 South 4th St., Hamilton, MT 59840. E-mail: feldmannh@niaid.nih.gov
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