Ferreira-de-Lima VH , Lima-Camara TN , 2018. Natural vertical transmission of dengue virus in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus: A systematic review. Parasit Vectors 11: 77.
World Health Organization , 1997. Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever: Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control, 2nd edition. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/41988/1/9241545003_eng.pdf. Accessed December 7, 2016.
Ranjit S , Kissoon N , 2011. Dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndromes. Pediatr Crit Care Med 12: 90–100.
World Health Organization , Regional Office for South-East Asia , 2011. Comprehensive Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever. Revised and expanded edition. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
Kapoor HK , Bhai S , John M , Xavier J , 2006. Ocular manifestations of dengue fever in an East Indian epidemic. Can J Ophthalmol 41: 741–746.
Yip VC , Sanjay S , Koh YT , 2012. Ophthalmic complications of dengue fever: A systematic review. Ophthalmol Ther 1: 2.
Chan DP , Teoh SC , Tan CS , Nah GK , Rajagopalan R , Prabhakaragupta MK , Chee CK , Lim TH , Goh KY ; Eye Institute Dengue-Related Ophthalmic Complications Workgroup , 2006. Ophthalmic complications of dengue. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 285–289.
Mondal N , 2023. The resurgence of dengue epidemic and climate change in India. Lancet 401: 727–728.
Messina JP et al., 2019. The current and future global distribution and population at risk of dengue. Nat Microbiol 4: 1508–1515.
Campbell-Lendrum D , Manga L , Bagayoko M , Sommerfeld J , 2015. Climate change and vector-borne diseases: What are the implications for public health research and policy? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 370: 20130552.
National Center for Vector Borne Diseases Control, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Designed and Developed by Center for Health Informatics. Available at : https://ncvbdc.mohfw.gov.in/. Accessed April 5, 2024.
Bucky P , Peeling R , 2009. Laboratory Diagnosis and Diagnostic Tests: Dengue Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 93e4.
Yip VC , Sanjay S , Koh YT , 2012. Ophthalmic complications of dengue fever: A systematic review. Ophthalmol Ther 1: 2.
Chan DPL , Teoh SCB , Tan CSH , Nah GKM , Rajagopalan R , Prabhakaragupta MK , Chee CKL , Lim TH , Goh KY ; Eye Institute Dengue-Related Ophthalmic Complications Workgroup , 2006. Ophthalmic complications of dengue. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 285–289.
Su DH-W , Bacsal K , Chee S-P , Policarpio Flores JV , Lim WK , Cheng BCL , Jap AHE ; Dengue Maculopathy Study Group , 2007. Prevalence of dengue maculopathy in patients hospitalized for dengue fever. Ophthalmology 114: 1743–1747.
Somkijrungroj T , Kongwattananon W , 2019. Ocular manifestations of dengue. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 30: 500–505.
Mahayana IT , Anugrah AS , Kartika I , Angsana NC , Gani TT , 2021. Optic neuritis as the ocular manifestation of dengue infection: A case report. Malays J Ophthalmol 3: 46–51.
Landais A , Duclos S , Lannuzel A , Béral L , 2018. Optic neuritis after dengue viral infection in the Caribbean. Med Mal Infect 48: 481–483.
Sanjay S , Wagle A , Au Eong K , 2008. Optic neuropathy associated with dengue fever. Eye (Lond) 22: 722–724.
Yamamoto Y , Takasaki T , Yamada K-I , Kimura M , Washizaki K , Yoshikawa K , Hitani A , Nakamura T , Iwamoto A , 2002. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following dengue fever. J Infect Chemother 8: 175.
Teoh SC et al.; Eye Institute Dengue-Related Ophthalmic Complications Workgroup , 2006. A re-look at ocular complications in dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever. Dengue Bull 30: 184–193.
Bacsal KE , Chee SP , Cheng CL , Flores JV , 2007. Dengue-associated maculopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 125: 501–510.
Carrillo-Soto MA , 2018. Case series of ocular involvement due to dengue: First reported cases in Guatemala. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 93: 329–335.
Wagle AM , Hegde SR , Sanjay S , Au Eong K-G , 2022. Ophthalmic manifestations in seropositive dengue fever patients during epidemics caused by predominantly different dengue serotypes. Adv Ophthalmol Pract Res 2: 100049.
Li GH , Ning ZJ , Liu YM , Li XH , 2017. Neurological manifestations of dengue infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 7: 449.
Salazar MI , Richardson JH , Sánchez-Vargas I , Olson KE , Beaty BJ , 2007. Dengue virus type 2: Replication and tropisms in orally infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. BMC Microbiol 7: 9.
Puccioni-Sohler M , Rosadas C , Cabral-Castro MJ , 2013. Neurological complications in dengue infection: A review for clinical practice. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 71: 667–671.
Sriram S , Kavalakatt JA , Pereira A, Murty S, 2015. Bilateral panophthalmitis in dengue fever. Ann Trop Med Public Health 8: 217–218.
Kamoi K , Mochizuki M , Ohno-Matsui K , 2018. Dengue fever-associated necrotizing scleritis: A case report with long-term follow-up. Medicine (Baltimore) 97: e11875.
Jyothi PT , Farseenamol AP , Subi AS , George AE , 2018. Spontaneous globe rupture in dengue: A case series. Kerala J Ophthalmol 30: 117–120.
Arya D , Das S , Shah G , Gandhi A , 2019. Panophthalmitis associated with scleral necrosis in dengue hemorrhagic fever. Indian J Ophthalmol 67: 1775–1777.
Vijitha VS , Dave TV , Murthy SI , Ali MJ , Dave VP , Pappuru RR , Narayanan R , 2021. Severe ocular and adnexal complications in dengue hemorrhagic fever: A report of 29 eyes. Indian J Ophthalmol 69: 617–622.
Singh S , Kumar A , 2018. Ocular manifestations of emerging flaviviruses and the blood-retinal barrier. Viruses 10: 530.
Arya D , Das S , Shah G , Gandhi A , 2019. Panophthalmitis associated with scleral necrosis in dengue hemorrhagic fever. Indian J Ophthalmol 67: 1775–1777.
Ramananda K , Sundar MD , Mandal S , Ravani R , Kumar V , 2018. Platelet transfusion related panophthalmitis and endophthalmitis in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever. Am J Trop Med Hyg 99: 1053–1054.
Kamal R , Shah D , Sharma S , Janani MK , Kar A , Saurabh K , Roy R , Madhavan HNR , 2018. Culture-positive unilateral panophthalmitis in a serology-positive case of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Indian J Ophthalmol 66: 1017–1019.
Su DHW , Bacsal K , Chee S-P , Flores JVP , Lim W-K , Cheng BCL , Jap AHE ; Dengue Maculopathy Study Group , 2007. Prevalence of dengue maculopathy in patients hospitalized for dengue fever. Ophthalmology 114: 1743–1747.
Teoh SC , Chee CK , Laude A , Goh KY , Barkham T , Ang BS ; Eye Institute Dengue-Related Ophthalmic Complications Workgroup , 2010. Optical coherence tomography patterns as predictors of visual outcome in dengue-related maculopathy. Retina 30: 390–398.
Yadav HM , Dutta Majumder P , Biswas J , 2017. Dengue associated choroiditis: A rare entity. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 7: 14.
Tabbara K , 2012. Dengue retinochoroiditis. Ann Saudi Med 32: 530–533.
Dhasmana R , 2011. Bilateral premacular subhyaloid hemorrhage in dengue fever. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 6: 63–65.
Joshi RS , Wadekar PD , 2021. Bilateral retinal hemorrhages and macular edema in a patient with dengue fever associated with cerebral hemorrhage. Pan Am J Ophthalmol 3: 34.
Chlebicki MP , Ang B , Barkham T , Laude A , 2005. Retinal hemorrhages in 4 patients with dengue fever. Emerg Infect Dis 11: 770–772.
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The incidence and geographic distribution of dengue has increased dramatically in recent years across various parts of the world. Previously, ocular findings in dengue fever were considered rare. We report a spectrum of ocular manifestations presenting with vision loss in the last dengue epidemic in an eastern state of India. This is a retrospective interventional case series of patients with vision loss who were diagnosed with dengue eye disease in the 2022 epidemic. Systemic and ophthalmic examinations were completed on all patients and were analyzed. Fifteen patients had presented with vision loss. The mean age was 41.7 ± 10.8 years, and patients were mostly males. Three patients presented with panophthalmitis and orbital cellulitis. Eight patients were diagnosed with optic neuropathy. Four patients had macular involvement: macular chorioretinitis, macular subhyaloid hemorrhage, and macular hemorrhages in two patients. All patients with optic neuropathy gave a history of mild fever and had remained undiagnosed. The rest had been diagnosed with the more severe dengue hemorrhagic fever. Vision recovered partially or fully in patients with optic neuropathy and macular disease. No eye could be salvaged in any panophthalmitis patients. Thrombocytopenia (platelet count <100 × 109 per liter of blood) was significantly associated with ocular hemorrhage and panophthalmitis, but thrombocytopenia was not significantly seen in optic neuropathy. We conclude that optic neuropathy may be an underreported cause of vision loss in dengue fever. An eye examination is advocated in all patients with dengue eye disease.
Authors’ addresses: Anita Ambasta, Rakhi Kusumesh, Mobashir Ali, Gyan Bhaskar, and Sinha Akanksha, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, Bihar, India, E-mails: ambasthaanita21@gmail.com, drkrakhi@yahoo.com, mobashirpmch@gmail.com, drgyan5@yahoo.in, and aakankshasinha57@yahoo.in. Varuni Pragya, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Medical College, Mysore, Karnataka, India, E-mail: pragya05varuni@gmail.com.
Ferreira-de-Lima VH , Lima-Camara TN , 2018. Natural vertical transmission of dengue virus in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus: A systematic review. Parasit Vectors 11: 77.
World Health Organization , 1997. Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever: Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control, 2nd edition. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/41988/1/9241545003_eng.pdf. Accessed December 7, 2016.
Ranjit S , Kissoon N , 2011. Dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndromes. Pediatr Crit Care Med 12: 90–100.
World Health Organization , Regional Office for South-East Asia , 2011. Comprehensive Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever. Revised and expanded edition. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
Kapoor HK , Bhai S , John M , Xavier J , 2006. Ocular manifestations of dengue fever in an East Indian epidemic. Can J Ophthalmol 41: 741–746.
Yip VC , Sanjay S , Koh YT , 2012. Ophthalmic complications of dengue fever: A systematic review. Ophthalmol Ther 1: 2.
Chan DP , Teoh SC , Tan CS , Nah GK , Rajagopalan R , Prabhakaragupta MK , Chee CK , Lim TH , Goh KY ; Eye Institute Dengue-Related Ophthalmic Complications Workgroup , 2006. Ophthalmic complications of dengue. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 285–289.
Mondal N , 2023. The resurgence of dengue epidemic and climate change in India. Lancet 401: 727–728.
Messina JP et al., 2019. The current and future global distribution and population at risk of dengue. Nat Microbiol 4: 1508–1515.
Campbell-Lendrum D , Manga L , Bagayoko M , Sommerfeld J , 2015. Climate change and vector-borne diseases: What are the implications for public health research and policy? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 370: 20130552.
National Center for Vector Borne Diseases Control, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Designed and Developed by Center for Health Informatics. Available at : https://ncvbdc.mohfw.gov.in/. Accessed April 5, 2024.
Bucky P , Peeling R , 2009. Laboratory Diagnosis and Diagnostic Tests: Dengue Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 93e4.
Yip VC , Sanjay S , Koh YT , 2012. Ophthalmic complications of dengue fever: A systematic review. Ophthalmol Ther 1: 2.
Chan DPL , Teoh SCB , Tan CSH , Nah GKM , Rajagopalan R , Prabhakaragupta MK , Chee CKL , Lim TH , Goh KY ; Eye Institute Dengue-Related Ophthalmic Complications Workgroup , 2006. Ophthalmic complications of dengue. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 285–289.
Su DH-W , Bacsal K , Chee S-P , Policarpio Flores JV , Lim WK , Cheng BCL , Jap AHE ; Dengue Maculopathy Study Group , 2007. Prevalence of dengue maculopathy in patients hospitalized for dengue fever. Ophthalmology 114: 1743–1747.
Somkijrungroj T , Kongwattananon W , 2019. Ocular manifestations of dengue. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 30: 500–505.
Mahayana IT , Anugrah AS , Kartika I , Angsana NC , Gani TT , 2021. Optic neuritis as the ocular manifestation of dengue infection: A case report. Malays J Ophthalmol 3: 46–51.
Landais A , Duclos S , Lannuzel A , Béral L , 2018. Optic neuritis after dengue viral infection in the Caribbean. Med Mal Infect 48: 481–483.
Sanjay S , Wagle A , Au Eong K , 2008. Optic neuropathy associated with dengue fever. Eye (Lond) 22: 722–724.
Yamamoto Y , Takasaki T , Yamada K-I , Kimura M , Washizaki K , Yoshikawa K , Hitani A , Nakamura T , Iwamoto A , 2002. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following dengue fever. J Infect Chemother 8: 175.
Teoh SC et al.; Eye Institute Dengue-Related Ophthalmic Complications Workgroup , 2006. A re-look at ocular complications in dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever. Dengue Bull 30: 184–193.
Bacsal KE , Chee SP , Cheng CL , Flores JV , 2007. Dengue-associated maculopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 125: 501–510.
Carrillo-Soto MA , 2018. Case series of ocular involvement due to dengue: First reported cases in Guatemala. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 93: 329–335.
Wagle AM , Hegde SR , Sanjay S , Au Eong K-G , 2022. Ophthalmic manifestations in seropositive dengue fever patients during epidemics caused by predominantly different dengue serotypes. Adv Ophthalmol Pract Res 2: 100049.
Li GH , Ning ZJ , Liu YM , Li XH , 2017. Neurological manifestations of dengue infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 7: 449.
Salazar MI , Richardson JH , Sánchez-Vargas I , Olson KE , Beaty BJ , 2007. Dengue virus type 2: Replication and tropisms in orally infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. BMC Microbiol 7: 9.
Puccioni-Sohler M , Rosadas C , Cabral-Castro MJ , 2013. Neurological complications in dengue infection: A review for clinical practice. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 71: 667–671.
Sriram S , Kavalakatt JA , Pereira A, Murty S, 2015. Bilateral panophthalmitis in dengue fever. Ann Trop Med Public Health 8: 217–218.
Kamoi K , Mochizuki M , Ohno-Matsui K , 2018. Dengue fever-associated necrotizing scleritis: A case report with long-term follow-up. Medicine (Baltimore) 97: e11875.
Jyothi PT , Farseenamol AP , Subi AS , George AE , 2018. Spontaneous globe rupture in dengue: A case series. Kerala J Ophthalmol 30: 117–120.
Arya D , Das S , Shah G , Gandhi A , 2019. Panophthalmitis associated with scleral necrosis in dengue hemorrhagic fever. Indian J Ophthalmol 67: 1775–1777.
Vijitha VS , Dave TV , Murthy SI , Ali MJ , Dave VP , Pappuru RR , Narayanan R , 2021. Severe ocular and adnexal complications in dengue hemorrhagic fever: A report of 29 eyes. Indian J Ophthalmol 69: 617–622.
Singh S , Kumar A , 2018. Ocular manifestations of emerging flaviviruses and the blood-retinal barrier. Viruses 10: 530.
Arya D , Das S , Shah G , Gandhi A , 2019. Panophthalmitis associated with scleral necrosis in dengue hemorrhagic fever. Indian J Ophthalmol 67: 1775–1777.
Ramananda K , Sundar MD , Mandal S , Ravani R , Kumar V , 2018. Platelet transfusion related panophthalmitis and endophthalmitis in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever. Am J Trop Med Hyg 99: 1053–1054.
Kamal R , Shah D , Sharma S , Janani MK , Kar A , Saurabh K , Roy R , Madhavan HNR , 2018. Culture-positive unilateral panophthalmitis in a serology-positive case of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Indian J Ophthalmol 66: 1017–1019.
Su DHW , Bacsal K , Chee S-P , Flores JVP , Lim W-K , Cheng BCL , Jap AHE ; Dengue Maculopathy Study Group , 2007. Prevalence of dengue maculopathy in patients hospitalized for dengue fever. Ophthalmology 114: 1743–1747.
Teoh SC , Chee CK , Laude A , Goh KY , Barkham T , Ang BS ; Eye Institute Dengue-Related Ophthalmic Complications Workgroup , 2010. Optical coherence tomography patterns as predictors of visual outcome in dengue-related maculopathy. Retina 30: 390–398.
Yadav HM , Dutta Majumder P , Biswas J , 2017. Dengue associated choroiditis: A rare entity. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 7: 14.
Tabbara K , 2012. Dengue retinochoroiditis. Ann Saudi Med 32: 530–533.
Dhasmana R , 2011. Bilateral premacular subhyaloid hemorrhage in dengue fever. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 6: 63–65.
Joshi RS , Wadekar PD , 2021. Bilateral retinal hemorrhages and macular edema in a patient with dengue fever associated with cerebral hemorrhage. Pan Am J Ophthalmol 3: 34.
Chlebicki MP , Ang B , Barkham T , Laude A , 2005. Retinal hemorrhages in 4 patients with dengue fever. Emerg Infect Dis 11: 770–772.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 1202 | 1202 | 101 |
Full Text Views | 27 | 27 | 1 |
PDF Downloads | 28 | 28 | 1 |