Authors:
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and
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1.
Bustos J , Gonzales I , Saavedra H , Handali S , Garcia HH , Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru , 2021. Neurocysticercosis. A frequent cause of seizures, epilepsy, and other neurological morbidity in most of the world. J Neurol Sci 427: 117527.
-
2.
Prates C , 2020. Heresenes’s short life under a “starry night”: Possible disseminated cysticercosis in an Egyptian mummy. Bioarchaeol Int 4: 231.
-
3.
White AC Jr. , Coyle CM , Rajshekhar V , Singh G , Hauser WA , Mohanty A , Garcia HH , Nash TE , 2018. Diagnosis and treatment of neurocysticercosis: 2017 clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH). Am J Trop Med Hyg 98: 945–966.
-
4.
Monk EJM , Abba K , Ranganathan LN , 2021. Anthelmintics for people with neurocysticercosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 6: CD000215.
-
5.
World Health Organization , 2021. WHO Guidelines on Management of Taenia solium Neurocysticercosis. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240032231. Accessed November 9, 2023.
-
6.
Stelzle D et al., 2023. Efficacy and safety of antiparasitic therapy for neurocysticercosis in rural Tanzania: A prospective cohort study. Infection 51: 1127–1139.
-
7.
Wadia N , Desai S , Bhatt M , 1988. Disseminated cysticercosis. New observations, including CT scan findings and experience with treatment by praziquantel. Brain 111: 597–614.
-
8.
Singla A , Lekhwani S , Vaswani ND , Kaushik JS , Dabla S , 2022. Fourteen days vs 28 days of albendazole therapy for neurocysticercosis in children: An open label randomized controlled trial. Indian Pediatr 59: 916–919.
-
9.
Del Brutto OH , Garcia HH , 2021. The many facets of disseminated parenchymal brain cysticercosis: A differential diagnosis with important therapeutic implications. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 15: e0009883.
-
10.
Rizvi I , Garg RK , Malhotra HS , Kumar N , 2022. Treatment Outcome of Disseminated Cysticercosis: A Systematic Review. Available at: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022331895. Accessed February 23, 2023.
-
11.
Murad MH , Sultan S , Haffar S , Bazerbachi F , 2018. Methodological quality and synthesis of case series and case reports. BMJ Evid Based Med 23: 60–63.
-
12.
Della Gatta AN , Rizzo R , Pilu G , Simonazzi G , 2020. Coronavirus disease 2019 during pregnancy: A systematic review of reported cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 223: 36–41.
-
13.
Kumar A , Bhagwani DK , Sharma RK , Kavita , Sharma S , Datar S , Das JR , 1996. Disseminated cysticercosis. Indian Pediatr 33:337–339.
-
14.
Foyaca-Sibat H , LdeF IV , Mashiyi MK , 2004. Disseminate cysticercosis. One-day treatment in a case. Electron J Biomed 3:39–43.
-
15.
Prasad R , Kapoor K , Mishra D , Singh MK , Srivastava A , Mishra OP , 2012. Disseminated cysticercosis in a child. Indian J Pediatr 79: 1389–1391.
-
16.
Dhar M , Ahmad S , Srivastava S , Shirazi N , 2013. Disseminated cysticercosis: Uncommon presentation of a common disease. Ann Trop Med Public Health 6: 317–320.
-
17.
Kobayashi K et al., 2013. Rare case of disseminated cysticercosis and taeniasis in a Japanese traveler after returning from India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 89: 58–62.
-
18.
Duvignaud A , Receveur MC , Pistone T , Malvy D , 2014. Disseminated cysticercosis revealed by subcutaneous nodules in a migrant from Cameroon. Travel Med Infect Dis 12: 551–552.
-
19.
Mouhari-Toure A , N’Timon B , Kumako V , Darre T , Saka B , Tchaou M , Amegbor K , Kombate K , Balogou AA , Pitche P , 2015. Disseminated cysticercosis: report of three cases in Togo. Bull Soc Pathol 108: 165–170.
-
20.
Heller T , Wallrauch C , Kaminstein D , Phiri S , 2017. Case Report: Cysticercosis: Sonographic Diagnosis of a Treatable Cause of Epilepsy and Skin Nodules. Am J Trop Med Hyg 97: 1827–1829.
-
21.
Zou Y , Wang F , Wang HB , Wu WW , Fan CK , Zhang HY , Wang L , Tian XJ , Li W , Huang MJ , 2019. Disseminated cysticercosis in China with complex and variable clinical manifestations: a case series. BMC Infect Dis 19: 543.
-
22.
Pandey S et al., 2020. Quantitative assessment of lesion load and efficacy of 3 cycles of albendazole in disseminated cysticercosis: a prospective evaluation. BMC Infect Dis 20: 220.
-
23.
Stelzle D et al., 2023. Clinical characteristics and management of neurocysticercosis patients: A retrospective assessment of case reports from Europe. J Travel Med 30: taac102.
-
24.
Stelzle D et al., 2022. Epidemiological, clinical and radiological characteristics of people with neurocysticercosis in Tanzania—A cross-sectional study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 16: e0010911.
-
25.
Garcia HH , Pretell EJ , Gilman RH , Martinez SM , Moulton LH , Del Brutto OH , Herrera G , Evans CA , Gonzalez AE , Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru , 2004. A trial of antiparasitic treatment to reduce the rate of seizures due to cerebral cysticercosis. N Engl J Med 350: 249–258.
-
26.
Ghosal A , Bhattacharya K , Shobhana A , Saraff R , 2020. Nightmares with a starry sky—Treating neurocysticercal encephalitis, how far to go. Trop Parasitol 10: 158–162.
-
27.
Jain RS , Handa R , Vyas A , Prakash S , Nagpal K , Bhana I , Sisodiya MS , Gupta PK , 2014. Cysticercotic encephalitis: A life threatening form of neurocysticercosis. Am J Emerg Med 32: 1444.e1–1444.e2.
-
28.
Patil TB , Gulhane RV , 2015. Cysticercal encephalitis presenting with a “starry sky” appearance on neuroimaging. J Glob Infect Dis 7: 33–34.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1385 | 1162 | 80 |
| Full Text Views | 73 | 61 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 81 | 62 | 0 |
Treatment Outcome in Patients with Disseminated Cysticercosis: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series
Ravindra Kumar Garg
Ravindra Kumar Garg
Department of Neurology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
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Imran Rizvi
Imran Rizvi
Department of Neurology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
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Rajarshi Chakravarty
Rajarshi Chakravarty
Department of Neurology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
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Hardeep Singh Malhotra
Hardeep Singh Malhotra
Department of Neurology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
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Neeraj Kumar
Neeraj Kumar
Department of Neurology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
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ABSTRACT.
Disseminated cysticercosis is defined by multiple brain lesions and involvement of other body sites. Cysticidal treatment in disseminated cysticercosis is considered life-threatening. We conducted a systematic review of all published cases and case series to assess the safety and efficacy of cysticidal treatment. We conducted a systematic review in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42022331895) to assess the safety and efficacy of cysticidal treatment. Using the search term “disseminated neurocysticercosis OR disseminated cysticercosis,” databases like PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched. Outcomes included death and secondary measures like clinical improvement and lesion reduction. We calculated the predictors of primary outcome (death) using the binary logistic regression analysis. We reviewed 222 published cases from 101 publications. Approximately 87% cases were reported from India. Of 222 cases, 134 (60%) received cysticidal treatment. Follow-up information was available from 180 patients, 11 of them died, and 169 showed clinical improvement. The death rate was 4% (5 out of 114) in patients treated with cysticidal drugs plus corticosteroids, in comparison with 13% (5 out of 38) in patients who were treated with corticosteroids alone. All patients using only praziquantel faced fatality. Death predictors identified were altered sensorium and lack of treatment with albendazole. We noted that the risk of death after cysticidal treatment is not as we expected, and a multicentric randomized controlled trial is needed to resolve this issue.
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Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: Ravindra Kumar Garg, Imran Rizvi, Rajarshi Chakravarty, Hardeep Singh Malhotra, and Neeraj Kumar, Department of Neurology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India, E-mails: garg50@yahoo.com, imranrizvi09@gmail.com, satyalung@gmail.com, drhsmalhotra@gmail.com, and drneeraj2903@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Bustos J , Gonzales I , Saavedra H , Handali S , Garcia HH , Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru , 2021. Neurocysticercosis. A frequent cause of seizures, epilepsy, and other neurological morbidity in most of the world. J Neurol Sci 427: 117527.
-
2.
Prates C , 2020. Heresenes’s short life under a “starry night”: Possible disseminated cysticercosis in an Egyptian mummy. Bioarchaeol Int 4: 231.
-
3.
White AC Jr. , Coyle CM , Rajshekhar V , Singh G , Hauser WA , Mohanty A , Garcia HH , Nash TE , 2018. Diagnosis and treatment of neurocysticercosis: 2017 clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH). Am J Trop Med Hyg 98: 945–966.
-
4.
Monk EJM , Abba K , Ranganathan LN , 2021. Anthelmintics for people with neurocysticercosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 6: CD000215.
-
5.
World Health Organization , 2021. WHO Guidelines on Management of Taenia solium Neurocysticercosis. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240032231. Accessed November 9, 2023.
-
6.
Stelzle D et al., 2023. Efficacy and safety of antiparasitic therapy for neurocysticercosis in rural Tanzania: A prospective cohort study. Infection 51: 1127–1139.
-
7.
Wadia N , Desai S , Bhatt M , 1988. Disseminated cysticercosis. New observations, including CT scan findings and experience with treatment by praziquantel. Brain 111: 597–614.
-
8.
Singla A , Lekhwani S , Vaswani ND , Kaushik JS , Dabla S , 2022. Fourteen days vs 28 days of albendazole therapy for neurocysticercosis in children: An open label randomized controlled trial. Indian Pediatr 59: 916–919.
-
9.
Del Brutto OH , Garcia HH , 2021. The many facets of disseminated parenchymal brain cysticercosis: A differential diagnosis with important therapeutic implications. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 15: e0009883.
-
10.
Rizvi I , Garg RK , Malhotra HS , Kumar N , 2022. Treatment Outcome of Disseminated Cysticercosis: A Systematic Review. Available at: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022331895. Accessed February 23, 2023.
-
11.
Murad MH , Sultan S , Haffar S , Bazerbachi F , 2018. Methodological quality and synthesis of case series and case reports. BMJ Evid Based Med 23: 60–63.
-
12.
Della Gatta AN , Rizzo R , Pilu G , Simonazzi G , 2020. Coronavirus disease 2019 during pregnancy: A systematic review of reported cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 223: 36–41.
-
13.
Kumar A , Bhagwani DK , Sharma RK , Kavita , Sharma S , Datar S , Das JR , 1996. Disseminated cysticercosis. Indian Pediatr 33:337–339.
-
14.
Foyaca-Sibat H , LdeF IV , Mashiyi MK , 2004. Disseminate cysticercosis. One-day treatment in a case. Electron J Biomed 3:39–43.
-
15.
Prasad R , Kapoor K , Mishra D , Singh MK , Srivastava A , Mishra OP , 2012. Disseminated cysticercosis in a child. Indian J Pediatr 79: 1389–1391.
-
16.
Dhar M , Ahmad S , Srivastava S , Shirazi N , 2013. Disseminated cysticercosis: Uncommon presentation of a common disease. Ann Trop Med Public Health 6: 317–320.
-
17.
Kobayashi K et al., 2013. Rare case of disseminated cysticercosis and taeniasis in a Japanese traveler after returning from India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 89: 58–62.
-
18.
Duvignaud A , Receveur MC , Pistone T , Malvy D , 2014. Disseminated cysticercosis revealed by subcutaneous nodules in a migrant from Cameroon. Travel Med Infect Dis 12: 551–552.
-
19.
Mouhari-Toure A , N’Timon B , Kumako V , Darre T , Saka B , Tchaou M , Amegbor K , Kombate K , Balogou AA , Pitche P , 2015. Disseminated cysticercosis: report of three cases in Togo. Bull Soc Pathol 108: 165–170.
-
20.
Heller T , Wallrauch C , Kaminstein D , Phiri S , 2017. Case Report: Cysticercosis: Sonographic Diagnosis of a Treatable Cause of Epilepsy and Skin Nodules. Am J Trop Med Hyg 97: 1827–1829.
-
21.
Zou Y , Wang F , Wang HB , Wu WW , Fan CK , Zhang HY , Wang L , Tian XJ , Li W , Huang MJ , 2019. Disseminated cysticercosis in China with complex and variable clinical manifestations: a case series. BMC Infect Dis 19: 543.
-
22.
Pandey S et al., 2020. Quantitative assessment of lesion load and efficacy of 3 cycles of albendazole in disseminated cysticercosis: a prospective evaluation. BMC Infect Dis 20: 220.
-
23.
Stelzle D et al., 2023. Clinical characteristics and management of neurocysticercosis patients: A retrospective assessment of case reports from Europe. J Travel Med 30: taac102.
-
24.
Stelzle D et al., 2022. Epidemiological, clinical and radiological characteristics of people with neurocysticercosis in Tanzania—A cross-sectional study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 16: e0010911.
-
25.
Garcia HH , Pretell EJ , Gilman RH , Martinez SM , Moulton LH , Del Brutto OH , Herrera G , Evans CA , Gonzalez AE , Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru , 2004. A trial of antiparasitic treatment to reduce the rate of seizures due to cerebral cysticercosis. N Engl J Med 350: 249–258.
-
26.
Ghosal A , Bhattacharya K , Shobhana A , Saraff R , 2020. Nightmares with a starry sky—Treating neurocysticercal encephalitis, how far to go. Trop Parasitol 10: 158–162.
-
27.
Jain RS , Handa R , Vyas A , Prakash S , Nagpal K , Bhana I , Sisodiya MS , Gupta PK , 2014. Cysticercotic encephalitis: A life threatening form of neurocysticercosis. Am J Emerg Med 32: 1444.e1–1444.e2.
-
28.
Patil TB , Gulhane RV , 2015. Cysticercal encephalitis presenting with a “starry sky” appearance on neuroimaging. J Glob Infect Dis 7: 33–34.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1385 | 1162 | 80 |
| Full Text Views | 73 | 61 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 81 | 62 | 0 |