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1.
Grange L , Simon-Loriere E , Sakuntabhai A , Gresh L , Paul R , Harris E , 2014. Epidemiological risk factors associated with high global frequency of inapparent dengue virus infections. Front Immunol 5: 280.
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ten Bosch QA et al., 2018. Contributions from the silent majority dominate dengue virus transmission. PLoS Pathog 14: e1006965.
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Chastel C , 2012. Eventual role of asymptomatic cases of dengue for the introduction and spread of dengue viruses in non-endemic regions. Front Physiol 3: 70.
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Duong V et al., 2015. Asymptomatic humans transmit dengue virus to mosquitoes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112: 14688–14693.
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Guzman MG , Alvarez M , Halstead SB , 2013. Secondary infection as a risk factor for dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome: An historical perspective and role of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection. Arch Virol 158: 1445–1459.
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Burke DS , Nisalak A , Johnson DE , Scott RM , 1988. A prospective study of dengue infections in Bangkok. Am J Trop Med Hyg 38: 172–180.
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Rafique I , Saqib MAN , Munir MA , Qureshi H , Taseer I-H , Iqbal R , Ahmed W , Akhtar T , Rizwanullah , 2017. Asymptomatic dengue infection in adults of major cities of Pakistan. Asian Pac J Trop Med 10: 1002–1006.
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Sutherland LJ , Cash AA , Huang Y-JS , Sang RC , Malhotra I , Moormann AM , King CL , Weaver SC , King CH , LaBeaud AD , 2011. Serologic evidence of arboviral infections among humans in Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 85: 158–161.
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Estévez A , Catalán P , Alonso R , MarÃn M , Bouza E , Muñoz P , Alcalá L , 2021. Sample pooling is efficient in PCR testing of SARS-CoV-2: A study in 7400 healthcare professionals. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 100: 115330.
-
15.
Yu J , Huang Y , Shen Z-J , 2021. Optimizing and evaluating PCR-based pooled screening during COVID-19 pandemics. Sci Rep 11: 21460.
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Custer B , Tomasulo PA , Murphy EL , Caglioti S , Harpool D , McEvoy P , Busch MP , 2004. Triggers for switching from minipool testing by nucleic acid technology to individual-donation nucleic acid testing for West Nile virus: Analysis of 2003 data to inform 2004 decision making. Transfusion 44: 1547–1554.
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Waggoner JJ , Gresh L , Mohamed-Hadley A , Ballesteros G , Davila MJV , Tellez Y , Sahoo MK , Balmaseda A , Harris E , Pinsky BA , 2016. Single-reaction multiplex reverse transcription PCR for detection of Zika, chikungunya, and dengue viruses. Emerg Infect Dis 22: 1295–1297.
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Vaughn DW et al., 2000. Dengue viremia titer, antibody response pattern, and virus serotype correlate with disease severity. J Infect Dis 181: 2–9.
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Low Rate of Asymptomatic Dengue Infection Detected in Coastal Kenya Using Pooled Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing
Melanie Kiener
Melanie Kiener
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California;
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Nader Shayegh
Nader Shayegh
Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia;
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Sindiso Victor Nyathi
Sindiso Victor Nyathi
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California;
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Bryson Alberto Ndenga
Bryson Alberto Ndenga
Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya;
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Francis Maluki Mutuku
Francis Maluki Mutuku
Technical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya;
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Angelle Desiree LaBeaud
Angelle Desiree LaBeaud
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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ABSTRACT.
Asymptomatic dengue virus (DENV) infections have important public health implications but are challenging to identify. We performed a cross-sectional study of reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction on pooled sera of asymptomatic individuals from the south coast of Kenya at two time periods to identify cases of asymptomatic viremia. Among 2,460 samples tested in pools of 9 or 10, we found only one positive case (0.04% incidence). Although pooling of samples has the potential to be a cost-effective and time-efficient method for asymptomatic DENV detection, mass cross-sectional pooled testing may not provide accurate data on rates of asymptomatic infection, likely owing to a decrease in the sensitivity with pooling of samples, a short period of viremia, or testing in the absence of an outbreak.
Author Notes
Financial support: Funding for the referenced studies was provided by the
Authors’ addresses: Melanie Kiener, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, E-mail: mkiener8@stanford.edu. Nader Shayegh, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, E-mail: nadaer.shayegh@bryson.howard.edu. Sindiso Victor Nyathi, Yale School of Public Health, Yale, CT, E-mail: sindiso.nyathi@yale.edu. Bryson Alberto Ndenga, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya, E-mail: bndenga@yahoo.com. Francis Maluki Mutuku, Technical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya, E-mail: fmutuku73@gmail.com. Angelle Desiree LaBeaud, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Ca, E-mail: dlabeaud@stanford.edu.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Grange L , Simon-Loriere E , Sakuntabhai A , Gresh L , Paul R , Harris E , 2014. Epidemiological risk factors associated with high global frequency of inapparent dengue virus infections. Front Immunol 5: 280.
-
2.
ten Bosch QA et al., 2018. Contributions from the silent majority dominate dengue virus transmission. PLoS Pathog 14: e1006965.
-
3.
Chastel C , 2012. Eventual role of asymptomatic cases of dengue for the introduction and spread of dengue viruses in non-endemic regions. Front Physiol 3: 70.
-
4.
Duong V et al., 2015. Asymptomatic humans transmit dengue virus to mosquitoes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112: 14688–14693.
-
5.
Guzman MG , Alvarez M , Halstead SB , 2013. Secondary infection as a risk factor for dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome: An historical perspective and role of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection. Arch Virol 158: 1445–1459.
-
6.
Burke DS , Nisalak A , Johnson DE , Scott RM , 1988. A prospective study of dengue infections in Bangkok. Am J Trop Med Hyg 38: 172–180.
-
7.
Ly S et al., 2019. Asymptomatic dengue virus infections, Cambodia, 2012–2013. Emerg Infect Dis 25: 1354–1362.
-
8.
Reyes M et al., 2010. Index cluster study of dengue virus infection in Nicaragua. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 683–689.
-
9.
Rafique I , Saqib MAN , Munir MA , Qureshi H , Taseer I-H , Iqbal R , Ahmed W , Akhtar T , Rizwanullah , 2017. Asymptomatic dengue infection in adults of major cities of Pakistan. Asian Pac J Trop Med 10: 1002–1006.
-
10.
Khan A et al., 2023. Spatiotemporal overlapping of dengue, chikungunya, and malaria infections in children in Kenya. BMC Infect Dis 23: 183.
-
11.
Sutherland LJ , Cash AA , Huang Y-JS , Sang RC , Malhotra I , Moormann AM , King CL , Weaver SC , King CH , LaBeaud AD , 2011. Serologic evidence of arboviral infections among humans in Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 85: 158–161.
-
12.
Konongoi L et al., 2016. Detection of dengue virus serotypes 1, 2 and 3 in selected regions of Kenya: 2011–2014. Virol J 13: 182.
-
13.
Shah MM et al., 2020. High dengue burden and circulation of 4 virus serotypes among children with undifferentiated fever, Kenya, 2014–2017. Emerg Infect Dis 26: 2638–2650.
-
14.
Estévez A , Catalán P , Alonso R , MarÃn M , Bouza E , Muñoz P , Alcalá L , 2021. Sample pooling is efficient in PCR testing of SARS-CoV-2: A study in 7400 healthcare professionals. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 100: 115330.
-
15.
Yu J , Huang Y , Shen Z-J , 2021. Optimizing and evaluating PCR-based pooled screening during COVID-19 pandemics. Sci Rep 11: 21460.
-
16.
Custer B , Tomasulo PA , Murphy EL , Caglioti S , Harpool D , McEvoy P , Busch MP , 2004. Triggers for switching from minipool testing by nucleic acid technology to individual-donation nucleic acid testing for West Nile virus: Analysis of 2003 data to inform 2004 decision making. Transfusion 44: 1547–1554.
-
17.
Waggoner JJ , Gresh L , Mohamed-Hadley A , Ballesteros G , Davila MJV , Tellez Y , Sahoo MK , Balmaseda A , Harris E , Pinsky BA , 2016. Single-reaction multiplex reverse transcription PCR for detection of Zika, chikungunya, and dengue viruses. Emerg Infect Dis 22: 1295–1297.
-
18.
Pollett S et al., 2021. The evolution of dengue-2 viruses in Malindi, Kenya and greater East Africa: Epidemiological and immunological implications. Infect Genet Evol 90: 104617.
-
19.
Vaughn DW et al., 2000. Dengue viremia titer, antibody response pattern, and virus serotype correlate with disease severity. J Infect Dis 181: 2–9.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 930 | 930 | 41 |
| Full Text Views | 38 | 38 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 45 | 45 | 0 |