Authors:
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
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-
1.
World Health Organization , 2014. Chagas Disease (also Known as American Trypanosomiasis). Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chagas-disease-(american-trypanosomiasis). Accessed November 7, 2023.
-
2.
Pérez-Molina JA , Molina I , 2018. Chagas disease. Lancet 391: 82–94.
-
3.
Agafitei GA , 2023. The Bolivian Universal Health System and effective access to healthcare: a diagnosis. Rev Latinoam Desarro Econ 21: 35–76.
-
4.
Bern C , 2015. Chagas’ disease. N Engl J Med 373: 456–466.
-
5.
World Health Organization , 2015. Chagas disease in Latin America: an epidemiological update based on 2010 estimates. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 90: 33–43.
-
6.
Gómez-Ochoa SA et al., 2022. Global, regional, and national trends of Chagas disease from 1990 to 2019: comprehensive analysis of the global burden of disease study. Glob Heart 17: 59.
-
7.
Howard EJ , Xiong X , Carlier Y , Sosa-Estani S , Buekens P , 2014. Frequency of the congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG 121: 22–33.
-
8.
Page MJ et al., 2021. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372: n71.
-
9.
Carlier Y , Torrico F , Sosa-Estani S , Russomando G , Luquetti A , Freilij H , Vinas PA , 2011. Congenital Chagas disease: recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and control of newborns, siblings and pregnant women. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1250.
-
10.
Messenger LA et al., 2017. Toward improving early diagnosis of congenital Chagas disease in an endemic setting. Clin Infect Dis 65: 268–275.
-
11.
Bern C et al., 2009. Congenital Trypanosoma cruzi transmission in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Clin Infect Dis 49: 1667–1674.
-
12.
Azogue E , Darras C , 1995. Chagas congénito en Bolivia: estudio comparativo de la eficacia y el costo de los métodos de diagnostico. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 28: 39–43.
-
13.
Azogue E , Fuente CLA , Darras C , 1985. Congenital Chagas’ disease in Bolivia: epidemiological aspects and pathological findings. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 79: 176–180.
-
14.
Azogue E , 1993. Women and congenital Chagas’ disease in Santa Cruz, Bolivia: epidemiological and sociocultural aspects. Soc Sci Med 37: 503–511.
-
15.
Torrico F , Alonso-Vega C , Suarez E , Rodriguez P , Torrico M-C , Dramaix M , Truyens C , Carlier Y , 2004. Maternal Trypanosoma cruzi infection, pregnancy outcome, morbidity, and mortality of congenitally infected and non-infected newborns in Bolivia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 201–209.
-
16.
Torrico F , Alonso-Vega C , Suarez E , Rodríguez P , Torrico M-C , Dramaix M , Truyens C , Carlier Y , 2005. Nivel de endemia de la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi en el lugar de residencia de la madre y desarrollo de la enfermedad de Chagas Congenita en Bolivia. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 38 (Suppl 2 ):73–76.
-
17.
Torrico F , Castro M , Solano M , Rodriguez P , Torrico M-C , Truyens C , Carlier Y , 2005. Efectos de la infección materna por Trypanosoma cruzi en el desarrollo del embarazo y del recien nacido. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 38 (Suppl 2 ):73–76.
-
18.
Brutus L , Schneider D , Postigo J , Delgado W , Mollinedo S , Chippaux J-P , 2007. Evidence of congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in a vector-free area of Bolivia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101: 1159–1160.
-
19.
Brutus L , Schneider D , Postigo J , Romero M , Santalla J , Chippaux JP , 2008. Congenital Chagas disease: diagnostic and clinical aspects in an area without vectorial transmission, Bermejo, Bolivia. Acta Trop 106: 195–199.
-
20.
Salas NA , Cot M , Schneider D , Mendoza B , Santalla JA , Postigo J , Chippaux JP , Brutus L , 2007. Risk factors and consequences of congenital Chagas disease in Yacuiba, south Bolivia. Trop Med Int Health 12: 1498–1505.
-
21.
Brutus L , Castillo H , Bernal C , Salas NA , Schneider D , Santalla J-A , Chippaux J-P , 2010. Detectable Trypanosoma cruzi parasitemia during pregnancy and delivery as a risk factor for congenital Chagas disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 1044–1047.
-
22.
Torrico F , Vega CA , Billot C , Truyens C , Carlier Y , 2007. Relaciones materno-fetales en la infección con T. cruzi y la implementación de un programa nacional de detección y tratamiento de Chagas congénito en Bolivia. Enferm Emerg 9 (Suppl 1 ):37–39.
-
23.
Romero M , Postigo J , Schneider D , Chippaux J-P , Santalla JA , Brutus L , 2011. Door-to-door screening as a strategy for the detection of congenital Chagas disease in rural Bolivia. Trop Med Int Health 16: 562–569.
-
24.
Alonso-Vega C , Billot C , Torrico F , 2013. Achievements and challenges upon the implementation of a program for national control of congenital Chagas in Bolivia: results 2004–2009. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2304.
-
25.
Sosa-Estani S et al., 2008. Use of a rapid test on umbilical cord blood to screen for Trypanosoma cruzi infection in pregnant women in Argentina, Bolivia, Honduras, and Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 755–759.
-
26.
Salas Clavijo NA , Postigo JR , Schneider D , Santalla JA , Brutus L , Chippaux J-P , 2012. Prevalence of Chagas disease in pregnant women and incidence of congenital transmission in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. Acta Trop 124: 87–91.
-
27.
Rendell VR et al., 2015. Trypanosoma cruzi-infected pregnant women without vector exposure have higher parasitemia levels: implications for congenital transmission risk. PLoS One 10: e0119527.
-
28.
Kaplinski M et al., 2015. Sustained domestic vector exposure is associated with increased Chagas cardiomyopathy risk but decreased parasitemia and congenital transmission risk among young women in Bolivia. Clin Infect Dis 61: 918–926.
-
29.
Sanchez L , Messenger LA , Bhattacharyya T , Gilman RH , Mayta H , Colanzi R , Bozo R , Verástegui M , Miles MA , Bern C , 2022. Congenital Chagas disease in Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia, is dominated by Trypanosoma cruzi lineage V. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 116: 80–84.
-
30.
Klein MD , Tinajeros F , Malaga E , Verástegui M , Condori BJ , Urquizu F , Gilman R , Bowman NM , 2021. Risk factors for vertical transmission of T. cruzi infection in an endemic setting. Open Forum Infect Dis 7 (Suppl 1 ):S17.
-
31.
Azogue E , Darras C , 1991. Estúdio prospectivo de la enfermedad de chagas en recien nacidos con infección placent aria por Trypanosoma cruzi (Santa Cruz-Bolivia). Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 24:105–109.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 2367 | 2038 | 310 |
| Full Text Views | 97 | 78 | 27 |
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Prevalence of Maternal Chagas Disease and Vertical Transmission Rates in Bolivia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Freddy Tinajeros
Freddy Tinajeros
Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru;
National Academy of Sciences of Bolivia, La Paz, Bolivia;
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National Academy of Sciences of Bolivia, La Paz, Bolivia;
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Beatriz Amparo Rodríguez-Olguin
Beatriz Amparo Rodríguez-Olguin
Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Sciences, Gabriel René Moreno Autonomous University, Santa Cruz, Bolivia;
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Melissa Klein Cutshaw
Melissa Klein Cutshaw
Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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ABSTRACT.
Bolivia has one of the highest burdens of Chagas disease in the world. Vertical transmission from mother to infant accounts for a growing number of cases. We performed a systematic review of articles assessing the prevalence of Chagas disease in pregnant women and rates of vertical transmission to infants in Bolivia. Studies were not excluded based on year of publication or language. Random-effects analyses were performed to estimate a pooled prevalence of maternal Chagas disease and pooled vertical transmission rate. Our search yielded 21 articles describing over 400,000 cases of Chagas disease among pregnant women in Bolivia. The reported prevalence of maternal Chagas disease ranged from 17.3% to 64.5%, with a pooled prevalence of 33.0% (95% CI, 27.4–38.7%). The prevalence of maternal Chagas disease trended down over time (P = 0.006), decreasing by approximately 25% to 30% over the last 40 years. Vertical transmission rates ranged from 2.0% to 13% with a pooled average of 6.2% (95% CI, 4.4–7.5%); rates did not significantly change over time. Our study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of Chagas disease maternal prevalence and vertical transmission in Bolivia. Our findings indicate that maternal Chagas disease has fallen in prevalence but still affects 20% to 30% of pregnant women and poses a considerable risk of vertical transmission. Pregnant women and infants are an important target for public health interventions to limit the mortality and morbidity of Chagas disease and to reduce intergenerational spread.
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Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: Freddy Tinajeros, Calle Cuellar N° 114, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, E-mail: ftinajeros@gmail.com. Beatriz Amparo Rodríguez-Olguin, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Sciences, Gabriel René Moreno Autonomous University, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, E-mail: amparito382@gmail.com. Melissa Klein Cutshaw, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, E-mail: melissa.cutshaw@duke.edu.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Organization , 2014. Chagas Disease (also Known as American Trypanosomiasis). Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chagas-disease-(american-trypanosomiasis). Accessed November 7, 2023.
-
2.
Pérez-Molina JA , Molina I , 2018. Chagas disease. Lancet 391: 82–94.
-
3.
Agafitei GA , 2023. The Bolivian Universal Health System and effective access to healthcare: a diagnosis. Rev Latinoam Desarro Econ 21: 35–76.
-
4.
Bern C , 2015. Chagas’ disease. N Engl J Med 373: 456–466.
-
5.
World Health Organization , 2015. Chagas disease in Latin America: an epidemiological update based on 2010 estimates. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 90: 33–43.
-
6.
Gómez-Ochoa SA et al., 2022. Global, regional, and national trends of Chagas disease from 1990 to 2019: comprehensive analysis of the global burden of disease study. Glob Heart 17: 59.
-
7.
Howard EJ , Xiong X , Carlier Y , Sosa-Estani S , Buekens P , 2014. Frequency of the congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG 121: 22–33.
-
8.
Page MJ et al., 2021. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372: n71.
-
9.
Carlier Y , Torrico F , Sosa-Estani S , Russomando G , Luquetti A , Freilij H , Vinas PA , 2011. Congenital Chagas disease: recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and control of newborns, siblings and pregnant women. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1250.
-
10.
Messenger LA et al., 2017. Toward improving early diagnosis of congenital Chagas disease in an endemic setting. Clin Infect Dis 65: 268–275.
-
11.
Bern C et al., 2009. Congenital Trypanosoma cruzi transmission in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Clin Infect Dis 49: 1667–1674.
-
12.
Azogue E , Darras C , 1995. Chagas congénito en Bolivia: estudio comparativo de la eficacia y el costo de los métodos de diagnostico. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 28: 39–43.
-
13.
Azogue E , Fuente CLA , Darras C , 1985. Congenital Chagas’ disease in Bolivia: epidemiological aspects and pathological findings. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 79: 176–180.
-
14.
Azogue E , 1993. Women and congenital Chagas’ disease in Santa Cruz, Bolivia: epidemiological and sociocultural aspects. Soc Sci Med 37: 503–511.
-
15.
Torrico F , Alonso-Vega C , Suarez E , Rodriguez P , Torrico M-C , Dramaix M , Truyens C , Carlier Y , 2004. Maternal Trypanosoma cruzi infection, pregnancy outcome, morbidity, and mortality of congenitally infected and non-infected newborns in Bolivia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 201–209.
-
16.
Torrico F , Alonso-Vega C , Suarez E , Rodríguez P , Torrico M-C , Dramaix M , Truyens C , Carlier Y , 2005. Nivel de endemia de la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi en el lugar de residencia de la madre y desarrollo de la enfermedad de Chagas Congenita en Bolivia. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 38 (Suppl 2 ):73–76.
-
17.
Torrico F , Castro M , Solano M , Rodriguez P , Torrico M-C , Truyens C , Carlier Y , 2005. Efectos de la infección materna por Trypanosoma cruzi en el desarrollo del embarazo y del recien nacido. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 38 (Suppl 2 ):73–76.
-
18.
Brutus L , Schneider D , Postigo J , Delgado W , Mollinedo S , Chippaux J-P , 2007. Evidence of congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in a vector-free area of Bolivia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101: 1159–1160.
-
19.
Brutus L , Schneider D , Postigo J , Romero M , Santalla J , Chippaux JP , 2008. Congenital Chagas disease: diagnostic and clinical aspects in an area without vectorial transmission, Bermejo, Bolivia. Acta Trop 106: 195–199.
-
20.
Salas NA , Cot M , Schneider D , Mendoza B , Santalla JA , Postigo J , Chippaux JP , Brutus L , 2007. Risk factors and consequences of congenital Chagas disease in Yacuiba, south Bolivia. Trop Med Int Health 12: 1498–1505.
-
21.
Brutus L , Castillo H , Bernal C , Salas NA , Schneider D , Santalla J-A , Chippaux J-P , 2010. Detectable Trypanosoma cruzi parasitemia during pregnancy and delivery as a risk factor for congenital Chagas disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 1044–1047.
-
22.
Torrico F , Vega CA , Billot C , Truyens C , Carlier Y , 2007. Relaciones materno-fetales en la infección con T. cruzi y la implementación de un programa nacional de detección y tratamiento de Chagas congénito en Bolivia. Enferm Emerg 9 (Suppl 1 ):37–39.
-
23.
Romero M , Postigo J , Schneider D , Chippaux J-P , Santalla JA , Brutus L , 2011. Door-to-door screening as a strategy for the detection of congenital Chagas disease in rural Bolivia. Trop Med Int Health 16: 562–569.
-
24.
Alonso-Vega C , Billot C , Torrico F , 2013. Achievements and challenges upon the implementation of a program for national control of congenital Chagas in Bolivia: results 2004–2009. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2304.
-
25.
Sosa-Estani S et al., 2008. Use of a rapid test on umbilical cord blood to screen for Trypanosoma cruzi infection in pregnant women in Argentina, Bolivia, Honduras, and Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 755–759.
-
26.
Salas Clavijo NA , Postigo JR , Schneider D , Santalla JA , Brutus L , Chippaux J-P , 2012. Prevalence of Chagas disease in pregnant women and incidence of congenital transmission in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. Acta Trop 124: 87–91.
-
27.
Rendell VR et al., 2015. Trypanosoma cruzi-infected pregnant women without vector exposure have higher parasitemia levels: implications for congenital transmission risk. PLoS One 10: e0119527.
-
28.
Kaplinski M et al., 2015. Sustained domestic vector exposure is associated with increased Chagas cardiomyopathy risk but decreased parasitemia and congenital transmission risk among young women in Bolivia. Clin Infect Dis 61: 918–926.
-
29.
Sanchez L , Messenger LA , Bhattacharyya T , Gilman RH , Mayta H , Colanzi R , Bozo R , Verástegui M , Miles MA , Bern C , 2022. Congenital Chagas disease in Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia, is dominated by Trypanosoma cruzi lineage V. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 116: 80–84.
-
30.
Klein MD , Tinajeros F , Malaga E , Verástegui M , Condori BJ , Urquizu F , Gilman R , Bowman NM , 2021. Risk factors for vertical transmission of T. cruzi infection in an endemic setting. Open Forum Infect Dis 7 (Suppl 1 ):S17.
-
31.
Azogue E , Darras C , 1991. Estúdio prospectivo de la enfermedad de chagas en recien nacidos con infección placent aria por Trypanosoma cruzi (Santa Cruz-Bolivia). Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 24:105–109.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 2367 | 2038 | 310 |
| Full Text Views | 97 | 78 | 27 |
| PDF Downloads | 101 | 75 | 17 |