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-
1.
Alemu Belachew W , Naafs B , 2019. Position statement: LEPROSY: diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 33: 1205–1213.
-
2.
Alakad R , Nofal A , Assaf M , 2021. Atypical presentations of erythema nodosum leprosum: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 19: 1133–1143.
-
3.
Chatterjee T , 2017. The diagnostic dilemma of erythema nodosum leprosum - a clinicohistological study. Lepr Rev 88: 217–226. https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.88.2.217.
-
4.
Maymone MBC et al., 2020. Leprosy: clinical aspects and diagnostic techniques. J Am Acad Dermatol 83: 1–14.
-
5.
Heath MS , Ortega-Loayza AG , 2019. Insights into the pathogenesis of Sweet’s syndrome. Front Immunol 10: 414.
-
6.
Villarreal-Villarreal CD , Ocampo-Candiani J , Villarreal-MartÃnez A , 2016. Sweet syndrome: a review and update. Actas Dermosifiliogr 107: 369–378.
-
7.
Teixeira CSS et al., 2020. Incidence of and factors associated with leprosy among household contacts of patients with leprosy in Brazil. JAMA Dermatol 156: 640–648.
-
8.
Upputuri B , Pallapati MS , Tarwater P , Srikantam A , 2020. Thalidomide in the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) in an outpatient setting: a five-year retrospective analysis from a leprosy referral centre in India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 14: e0008678.
-
9.
World Health Organization , 2018. Regional Office for South-East Asia. Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Leprosy. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/274127. Accessed October 6, 2018.
-
10.
Girma S et al., 2018. Evaluation of auramine O staining and conventional PCR for leprosy diagnosis: a comparative cross-sectional study from Ethiopia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 12: e0006706.
-
11.
Wu JJ , Huang DB , Pang KR , Hsu S , Tyring SK , 2005. Thalidomide: dermatological indications, mechanisms of action and side-effects. Br J Dermatol 153: 254–273.
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Case Report: Type 2 Leprosy Reaction Mimicking Sweet Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review
Chengbei Bao
Chengbei Bao
Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China;
Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China;
Fujian Dermatology and Venereology Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China;
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Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China;
Fujian Dermatology and Venereology Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China;
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Qiuyun Xu
Qiuyun Xu
Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China;
Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China;
Fujian Dermatology and Venereology Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China;
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Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China;
Fujian Dermatology and Venereology Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China;
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Ying Zou
Ying Zou
Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China;
Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China;
Fujian Dermatology and Venereology Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China;
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Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China;
Fujian Dermatology and Venereology Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China;
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Zhixun Xiao
Zhixun Xiao
Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China;
Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China;
Fujian Dermatology and Venereology Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China;
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Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China;
Fujian Dermatology and Venereology Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China;
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Bo Cheng
Bo Cheng
Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China;
Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China;
Fujian Dermatology and Venereology Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China;
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Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China;
Fujian Dermatology and Venereology Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China;
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Ting Gong
Ting Gong
Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China;
Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Chao Ji
Chao Ji
Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China;
Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China;
Fujian Dermatology and Venereology Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China;
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Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China;
Fujian Dermatology and Venereology Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China;
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ABSTRACT.
Type 2 leprosy reaction is a type of acute inflammation that predominantly affects borderline lepromatous leprosy and lepromatous leprosy patients and occurs before, during, or after therapy. The atypical variant, which resembles Sweet syndrome, could easily lead to misdiagnosis. Here, we report a case of a 52-year-old man who presented with type 2 leprosy reaction that mimicked Sweet syndrome. In addition, we review published cases and summarize their features to raise awareness of this atypical variant to enable improved diagnosis and management.
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Author Notes
Disclosure: Written informed consent was obtained from the individual for the publication of any potentially identifiable images or data included in this article. All datasets generated for this study are included in the article/supplementary material. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.
Authors’ addresses: Chengbei Bao, Qiuyun Xu, Ying Zou, Zhixun Xiao, and Bo Cheng, Department of Dermatology, Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, Fujian Dermatology and Venereology Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China, E-mails: bcb_4better@fjmu.edu.cn, xqy220@fjmu.edu.cn, zouying0819@fjmu.edu.cn, zhixun@fjmu.edu.cn, and chengbo630415@126.com. Ting Gong, Department of Dermatology, Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, E-mail: gongtingfy@fjmu.edu.cn.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Alemu Belachew W , Naafs B , 2019. Position statement: LEPROSY: diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 33: 1205–1213.
-
2.
Alakad R , Nofal A , Assaf M , 2021. Atypical presentations of erythema nodosum leprosum: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 19: 1133–1143.
-
3.
Chatterjee T , 2017. The diagnostic dilemma of erythema nodosum leprosum - a clinicohistological study. Lepr Rev 88: 217–226. https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.88.2.217.
-
4.
Maymone MBC et al., 2020. Leprosy: clinical aspects and diagnostic techniques. J Am Acad Dermatol 83: 1–14.
-
5.
Heath MS , Ortega-Loayza AG , 2019. Insights into the pathogenesis of Sweet’s syndrome. Front Immunol 10: 414.
-
6.
Villarreal-Villarreal CD , Ocampo-Candiani J , Villarreal-MartÃnez A , 2016. Sweet syndrome: a review and update. Actas Dermosifiliogr 107: 369–378.
-
7.
Teixeira CSS et al., 2020. Incidence of and factors associated with leprosy among household contacts of patients with leprosy in Brazil. JAMA Dermatol 156: 640–648.
-
8.
Upputuri B , Pallapati MS , Tarwater P , Srikantam A , 2020. Thalidomide in the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) in an outpatient setting: a five-year retrospective analysis from a leprosy referral centre in India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 14: e0008678.
-
9.
World Health Organization , 2018. Regional Office for South-East Asia. Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Leprosy. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/274127. Accessed October 6, 2018.
-
10.
Girma S et al., 2018. Evaluation of auramine O staining and conventional PCR for leprosy diagnosis: a comparative cross-sectional study from Ethiopia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 12: e0006706.
-
11.
Wu JJ , Huang DB , Pang KR , Hsu S , Tyring SK , 2005. Thalidomide: dermatological indications, mechanisms of action and side-effects. Br J Dermatol 153: 254–273.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1122 | 1122 | 85 |
| Full Text Views | 63 | 63 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 75 | 75 | 0 |