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Reference Manager
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-
1.
Ghosh P , Roy P , Chaudhuri SJ , Das NK , 2021. Epidemiology of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Indian J Dermatol 66: 12–23.
-
2.
Kumar P , Chatterjee M , Das NK , 2021. Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: clinical features and differential diagnosis. Indian J Dermatol 66: 24–33.
-
3.
Pathak VK , Singh I , Turankar RP , Lavania M , Ahuja M , Singh V , Sengupta U , 2019. Utility of multiplex PCR for early diagnosis and household contact surveillance for leprosy. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 95: 114855.
-
4.
Salotra P , Sreenivas G , Pogue GP , Lee N , Nakhasi HL , Ramesh V , Negi NS , 2001. Development of a species-specific PCR assay for detection of Leishmania donovani in clinical samples from patients with kala-azar and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. J Clin Microbiol 39: 849–854.
-
5.
Jha AK , Mallik SK , Ganguly S , Jaykar KC , 2012. An unusual case of multiple erythematous nodules with ulcerative lesion. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 78: 229.
-
6.
Jha AK , Anand V , Mallik SK , Kumar P , 2012. Post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) presenting with ulcerated chronic paronychia-like lesion. Kathmandu Univ Med J 10: 87–90.
-
7.
Zijlstra EE , el-Hassan AM , Ismael A , 1995. Endemic kala-azar in eastern Sudan: post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 52: 299–305.
-
8.
World Health Organization , 2010. Control of Leishmaniasis. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-TRS-949. Accessed April 28, 2023.
-
9.
Bhargava A , Ramesh V , Verma S , Salotra P , Bala M , 2018. Revisiting the role of the slit-skin smear in the diagnosis of Indian post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 84: 690–695.
-
10.
Singh A , Ramesh V , Ramam M , 2015. Histopathological characteristics of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: a series of 88 patients. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 81: 29–34.
-
11.
Dixit KK , Singh R , Salotra P , 2020. Advancement in molecular diagnosis of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Indian J Dermatol 65: 465–472.
-
12.
Ramesh V , Katara GK , Verma S , Salotra P , 2011. Miltefosine as an effective choice in the treatment of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Br J Dermatol 165: 411–414.
-
13.
Ramesh V , Singh R , Avishek K , Verma A , Deep DK , Verma S , Salotra P , 2015. Decline in clinical efficacy of oral miltefosine in treatment of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) in India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0004093.
-
14.
Ramesh V , Singh R , Avishek K , Verma A , Deep DK , Verma S , Salotra P , 2015. Decline in clinical efficacy of oral miltefosine in treatment of post kala-azar. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0004093.
-
15.
Zijlstra EE , Alves F , Rijal S , Arana B , Alvar J , 2017. Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in the Indian subcontinent: a threat to the South-East Asia Region Kala-azar Elimination Programme. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11: e0005877.
-
16.
Marking U , den Boer M , Das AK , Ahmed EM , Rollason V , Ahmed BN , Davidson RN , Ritmeijer K , 2014. Hypokalaemia-induced rhabdomyolysis after treatment of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) with high-dose AmBisome in Bangladesh – a case report. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e2864.
-
17.
den Boer M , Das AK , Akhter F , Burza S , Ramesh V , Ahmed BN , Zijlstra EE , Ritmeijer K , 2018. Safety and effectiveness of short-course AmBisome in the treatment of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: a prospective cohort study in Bangladesh. Clin Infect Dis 67: 667–675.
-
18.
Ramesh V , Dixit KK , Sharma N , Singh R , Salotra P , 2020. Assessing the efficacy and safety of liposomal amphotericin B and miltefosine in combination for treatment of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. J Infect Dis 221: 608–617.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 2857 | 1168 | 50 |
| Full Text Views | 65 | 27 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 81 | 33 | 0 |
Case Report: An Atypical Case of Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis with Ulcers and Verrucous Lesions: Clinical and Therapeutic Implications
Sinu Rose Mathachan
Sinu Rose Mathachan
Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, ABVIMS and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India;
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Ananta Khurana
Ananta Khurana
Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, ABVIMS and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India;
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Abhinav Bansal
Abhinav Bansal
Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, ABVIMS and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India;
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Monil Singhai
Monil Singhai
Centre for Arboviral and Zoonotic Diseases, National Centre for Disease Control, New Delhi, India;
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Ritu Kumari
Ritu Kumari
Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, ABVIMS and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India;
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Kabir Sardana
Kabir Sardana
Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, ABVIMS and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India;
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Vishesh Sood
Vishesh Sood
Centre for Arboviral and Zoonotic Diseases, National Centre for Disease Control, New Delhi, India;
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Preeti Khatri
Preeti Khatri
Centre for Arboviral and Zoonotic Diseases, National Centre for Disease Control, New Delhi, India;
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Itu Singh
Itu Singh
Stanley Browne Laboratory, The Leprosy Mission Community Hospital, Nand Nagari, New Delhi, India
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ABSTRACT.
About 75% cases of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) occur in India. Although the classic description of PKDL is the progression from initial hypopigmented macular lesions to papules to plaques and nodular lesions, atypical morphologies are also seen and are easily missed or misdiagnosed. We report a case of a 27-year-old man who presented to us with multiple acral ulcers and verrucous lesions for 5 years. A diagnosis of PKDL was made based on slit skin smear, histopathology, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The patient was given combination therapy with four doses of liposomal amphotericin B and miltefosine 50 mg twice daily for 45 days. In this report, we discuss unusual morphologies of PKDL, the pathway to the diagnosis, and the therapeutic options available along with their efficacy.
Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: Sinu Rose Mathachan, Ananta Khurana, Abhinav Bansal, Ritu Kumari, and Kabir Sardana, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, ABVIMS and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India, E-mails: sinurose@gmail.com, drananta2014@gmail.com, abhinavbansal866@gmail.com, ritu64026@gmail.com, and kabirijdvl@gmail.com. Monil Singhai, Vishesh Sood, and Preeti Khatri, Centre for Arboviral and Zoonotic Diseases, National Centre for Disease Control, New Delhi, India, E-mails: drmonil@gmail.com, visheshsood@outlook.com, and visheshsood@outlook.com. Itu Singh, Stanley Browne Laboratory, The Leprosy Mission Community Hospital, Nand Nagari, New Delhi, India, E-mail: itusingh@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Ghosh P , Roy P , Chaudhuri SJ , Das NK , 2021. Epidemiology of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Indian J Dermatol 66: 12–23.
-
2.
Kumar P , Chatterjee M , Das NK , 2021. Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: clinical features and differential diagnosis. Indian J Dermatol 66: 24–33.
-
3.
Pathak VK , Singh I , Turankar RP , Lavania M , Ahuja M , Singh V , Sengupta U , 2019. Utility of multiplex PCR for early diagnosis and household contact surveillance for leprosy. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 95: 114855.
-
4.
Salotra P , Sreenivas G , Pogue GP , Lee N , Nakhasi HL , Ramesh V , Negi NS , 2001. Development of a species-specific PCR assay for detection of Leishmania donovani in clinical samples from patients with kala-azar and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. J Clin Microbiol 39: 849–854.
-
5.
Jha AK , Mallik SK , Ganguly S , Jaykar KC , 2012. An unusual case of multiple erythematous nodules with ulcerative lesion. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 78: 229.
-
6.
Jha AK , Anand V , Mallik SK , Kumar P , 2012. Post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) presenting with ulcerated chronic paronychia-like lesion. Kathmandu Univ Med J 10: 87–90.
-
7.
Zijlstra EE , el-Hassan AM , Ismael A , 1995. Endemic kala-azar in eastern Sudan: post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 52: 299–305.
-
8.
World Health Organization , 2010. Control of Leishmaniasis. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-TRS-949. Accessed April 28, 2023.
-
9.
Bhargava A , Ramesh V , Verma S , Salotra P , Bala M , 2018. Revisiting the role of the slit-skin smear in the diagnosis of Indian post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 84: 690–695.
-
10.
Singh A , Ramesh V , Ramam M , 2015. Histopathological characteristics of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: a series of 88 patients. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 81: 29–34.
-
11.
Dixit KK , Singh R , Salotra P , 2020. Advancement in molecular diagnosis of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Indian J Dermatol 65: 465–472.
-
12.
Ramesh V , Katara GK , Verma S , Salotra P , 2011. Miltefosine as an effective choice in the treatment of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Br J Dermatol 165: 411–414.
-
13.
Ramesh V , Singh R , Avishek K , Verma A , Deep DK , Verma S , Salotra P , 2015. Decline in clinical efficacy of oral miltefosine in treatment of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) in India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0004093.
-
14.
Ramesh V , Singh R , Avishek K , Verma A , Deep DK , Verma S , Salotra P , 2015. Decline in clinical efficacy of oral miltefosine in treatment of post kala-azar. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0004093.
-
15.
Zijlstra EE , Alves F , Rijal S , Arana B , Alvar J , 2017. Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in the Indian subcontinent: a threat to the South-East Asia Region Kala-azar Elimination Programme. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11: e0005877.
-
16.
Marking U , den Boer M , Das AK , Ahmed EM , Rollason V , Ahmed BN , Davidson RN , Ritmeijer K , 2014. Hypokalaemia-induced rhabdomyolysis after treatment of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) with high-dose AmBisome in Bangladesh – a case report. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e2864.
-
17.
den Boer M , Das AK , Akhter F , Burza S , Ramesh V , Ahmed BN , Zijlstra EE , Ritmeijer K , 2018. Safety and effectiveness of short-course AmBisome in the treatment of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: a prospective cohort study in Bangladesh. Clin Infect Dis 67: 667–675.
-
18.
Ramesh V , Dixit KK , Sharma N , Singh R , Salotra P , 2020. Assessing the efficacy and safety of liposomal amphotericin B and miltefosine in combination for treatment of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. J Infect Dis 221: 608–617.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 2857 | 1168 | 50 |
| Full Text Views | 65 | 27 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 81 | 33 | 0 |