Authors:
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and
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1.
World Health Organization , 2017. Hepatitis B vaccines: WHO position paper. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 92: 369–392.
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2.
Song C et al., 2019. Associations between hepatitis B virus infection and risk of all cancer types. JAMA Netw Open 2: e195718.
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3.
WHO , 2021. Interim Guidance for Country Validation of Viral Hepatitis Elimination. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240028395. Accessed March 15, 2023.
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Alaama AS , Khattabi H , Mugisa B , Atta H , Hermez J , Hutin YJ , 2022. Progress towards elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030 in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2019. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 7: 862–870.
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9.
Al Awaidy ST , Ezzikouri S , 2020. Moving towards hepatitis B elimination in Gulf Health Council states: from commitment to action. J Infect Public Health 13: 221–227.
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10.
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15.
Al-Faleh FZ et al., 1999. Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in Saudi children 8 years after a mass hepatitis B vaccination programme. J Infect 38: 167–170.
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16.
Al Faleh F , AlShehri S , AlAnsari S , AlJeffri M , AlMazrou Y , Shaffi A , Abdo AA , 2008. Long term protection of hepatitis B vaccine 18 years after vaccination. J Infect 57: 404–409.
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Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: Current Status and Future Prospects
Salah Al Awaidy
Salah Al Awaidy
Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman;
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Rania A. Tohme
Rania A. Tohme
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;
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Hamad E. Al Romaihi
Hamad E. Al Romaihi
Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar;
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Sayeh Ezzikouri
Sayeh Ezzikouri
Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco;
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Ozayr Mahomed
Ozayr Mahomed
Department of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa;
Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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ABSTRACT.
The WHO member states endorsed the goal to eliminate mother-to-child transmission (EMTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) by 2030, which requires achievement of ≥ 90% coverage with timely hepatitis B birth dose (HepB-BD), three doses of the hepatitis B vaccine (HepB3), and a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroprevalence ≤ 0.1% in children. We assessed the progress made to achieve EMTCT of HBV in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Data was extracted from National Viral Hepatitis Strategic Frameworks and WHO hepatitis B vaccination coverage estimates during 2018–2022 for all GCC countries. We also reviewed the literature to summarize the prevalence of HBsAg in children. During 2018–2022, coverage with timely HepB-BD and HepB3 was > 90% in all countries. All newborns irrespective of whether parents are nationals or immigrants/expatriates receive HepB-BD and other routine immunization vaccines. Prevalence of HBsAg among children was available in three of six GCC countries; it ranged from 0% in Qatar and Saudi Arabia to 0.4% in Oman. Five countries reported screening pregnant women for HBsAg, and three provided antiviral treatment of those eligible, and hepatitis B immunoglobulin to exposed newborns. In conclusion, all GCC countries achieved hepatitis B vaccination targets and countries with available data have either achieved or are close to achieving EMTCT of HBV. Remaining countries need to implement hepatitis B serosurveys to track progress to EMTCT of HBV.
Author Notes
Disclosure: The findings and conclusions of this report are those of the authors and do not reflect the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The data used and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the public domain and can be made available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Authors’ addresses: Salah Al Awaidy, Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman, E-mail: salah.awaidy@gmail.com. Rania A. Tohme, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: ihb1@cdc.gov. Hamad E. Al Romaihi, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar, E-mail: halromaihi@moph.gov.qa. Sayeh Ezzikouri, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco, E-mail: sayeh.ezzikouri@gmail.com. Ozyr Mohammed, Department of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa, and Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait, E-mail: ozayr411@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Organization , 2017. Hepatitis B vaccines: WHO position paper. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 92: 369–392.
-
2.
Song C et al., 2019. Associations between hepatitis B virus infection and risk of all cancer types. JAMA Netw Open 2: e195718.
-
3.
WHO , 2021. Interim Guidance for Country Validation of Viral Hepatitis Elimination. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240028395. Accessed March 15, 2023.
-
4.
WHO , 2021. Global Progress Report on HIV, Viral Hepatitis And Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2021. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240027077. Accessed May 25, 2023.
-
5.
WHO , 2021. Global Guidance on Criteria and Processes for Validation: Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV, Syphilis, and Hepatitis B Virus. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240039360. Accessed May 14, 2023.
-
6.
WHO , 2021. Global Progress Report on HIV, Viral Hepatitis, and Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2021. Accountability for the Global Health Sector Strategies 2016–2021: Actions for Impact. Web Annex 1. Key Data at a Glance. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/342808/9789240030985-eng.pdf. Accessed May 14, 2023.
-
7.
WHO , 2016 . Resolution EM/RC63/R.1. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Available at: http://applications.emro.who.int/docs/RC63_Resolutions_2016_R3_19120_EN.pdf. Accessed April 10, 2023.
-
8.
Alaama AS , Khattabi H , Mugisa B , Atta H , Hermez J , Hutin YJ , 2022. Progress towards elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030 in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2019. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 7: 862–870.
-
9.
Al Awaidy ST , Ezzikouri S , 2020. Moving towards hepatitis B elimination in Gulf Health Council states: from commitment to action. J Infect Public Health 13: 221–227.
-
10.
Allison R , Teleb N , Al Awaidy S , Ashmony H , Alexander JP , Patel MK , 2016. Hepatitis B control among children in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of the World Health Organization. Vaccine 34: 2403–2409.
-
11.
Alali AA , Abo-Shehada MN , 2022. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in the Gulf Cooperation Council: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 22: 819.
-
12.
World Health Organization Immunization Dashboard. Available at: https://immunizationdata.who.int/. Accessed May 29, 2023.
-
13.
Al-Romaihi H et al., 2018. Assessment of hepatitis B immunization programme among school students in Qatar. East Mediterr Health J 24: 754–762.
-
14.
Al Awaidy S et al., 2013. Progress toward elimination of Hepatitis B virus transmission in Oman: impact of hepatitis B vaccination. Am J Trop Med Hyg 89: 811–815.
-
15.
Al-Faleh FZ et al., 1999. Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in Saudi children 8 years after a mass hepatitis B vaccination programme. J Infect 38: 167–170.
-
16.
Al Faleh F , AlShehri S , AlAnsari S , AlJeffri M , AlMazrou Y , Shaffi A , Abdo AA , 2008. Long term protection of hepatitis B vaccine 18 years after vaccination. J Infect 57: 404–409.
-
17.
World Health Organization . Global Validation Advisory Committee (GVAC). Available at: https://www.who.int/groups/global-validation-advisory-committee-gvac. Accessed May 24, 2023.
-
18.
World Health Organization , 2022. Oman First Country in the Region to Eliminate Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV and Syphilis. Available at: https://www.emro.who.int/omn/oman-news/oman-first-country-in-the-region-to-eliminate-mother-to-child-transmission-of-hiv-and-syphilis.html?format=html. Accessed May 27, 2023.
-
19.
Shayah MH , Sun Z , 2019. Employment in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries—Current Issues and Future Trends. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Social Science, Public Health and Education (SSPHE 2018). Available at: https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/ssphe-18/55911790. Accessed May 27, 2023.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 3097 | 939 | 131 |
| Full Text Views | 95 | 37 | 10 |
| PDF Downloads | 109 | 37 | 7 |