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RefWorks
Reference Manager
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Zotero
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-
1.
Curtis KM , Foster PC , Smith PS , Monn MP , Stillman BA , Chandrashekar R , Lappin MR , Goldstein RE , 2015. Performance of a recombinant LipL32 based rapid in-clinic ELISA (SNAP® Lepto) for the detection of antibodies against Leptospira in dogs. Int J Appl Res Vet Med 13: 182–189.
-
2.
Lizer J , Velineni S , Weber A , Krecic M , Meeus P , 2018. Evaluation of 3 serological tests for early detection of Leptospira-specific antibodies in experimentally infected dogs. J Vet Intern Med 32: 201–207.
-
3.
Galloway RL , Hoffmaster AR , 2015. Optimization of LipL32 PCR assay for increased sensitivity in diagnosing leptospirosis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 82: 199–200.
-
4.
Stoddard RA , Gee JE , Wilkins PP , McCaustland K , Hoffmaster AR , 2009. Detection of pathogenic Leptospira spp. through TaqMan polymerase chain reaction targeting the LipL32 gene. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 64: 247–255.
-
5.
Ferreira AS , Costa P , Rocha T , Amaro A , Vieira ML , Ahmed A , Thompson G , Hartskeerl RA , Inácio J , 2014. Direct detection and differentiation of pathogenic Leptospira species using a multi-gene targeted real time PCR approach. PLoS One 9: e112312.
-
6.
Kumarihamy KWMPP , Ralapanawa DMPUK , Jayalath WATA , 2015. Co-existent facial palsy and myocarditis in a 50-year old farmer diagnosed with probable leptospirosis: a case report. BMC Res Notes 8: 26.
-
7.
Maldonado F , Portier H , Kisterman J-P , 2004. Bilateral facial palsy in a case of leptospirosis. Scand J Infect Dis 36: 386–388.
-
8.
Haake DA , Levett PN , 2015. Leptospirosis in humans. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 387: 65–97.
-
9.
CDC , 2022. Leptospirosis (Leptospira Interrogans) 2013 Case Definition. Available at: https://ndc.services.cdc.gov/case-definitions/leptospirosis-2013/. Accessed August 12, 2022.
-
10.
Philip N , Affendy NB , Masri SN , Yuhana MY , Than LTL , Sekawi Z , Neela VK , 2020. Combined PCR and MAT improves the early diagnosis of the biphasic illness leptospirosis. PLoS One 15: e0239069.
-
11.
Bal AE , Gravekamp C , Hartskeerl RA , De Meza-Brewster J , Korver H , Terpstra WJ , 1994. Detection of leptospires in urine by PCR for early diagnosis of leptospirosis. J Clin Microbiol 32: 1894–1898.
-
12.
Podgoršek D , Ružić-Sabljić E , Logar M , Pavlović A , Remec T , Baklan Z , Pal E , Cerar T , 2020. Evaluation of real-time PCR targeting the lipL32 gene for diagnosis of Leptospira infection. BMC Microbiol 20: 59.
-
13.
Sykes JE , Reagan KL , Nally JE , Galloway RL , Haake DA , 2022. Role of diagnostics in epidemiology, management, surveillance, and control of leptospirosis. Pathogens 11: 395.
-
14.
Katz AR , Ansdell VE , Effler PV , Middleton CR , Sasaki DM , 2002. Leptospirosis in Hawaii, 1974–1998: epidemiologic analysis of 353 laboratory-confirmed cases. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 61–70.
-
15.
Williams-Nguyen J , Claudia M-Z , 2012. Seroprevalence of leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis in children from Wisconsin. International Conference of Emerging Infectious Diseases (conference proceedings), March 11–14, 2012, Atlanta, Georgia.
-
16.
Smith AM , Stull JW , Evason MD , Weese JS , Wittum TE , Szlosek D , Arruda AG , 2021. Investigation of spatio-temporal clusters of positive leptospirosis polymerase chain reaction test results in dogs in the United States, 2009 to 2016. J Vet Intern Med 35: 1355–1360.
-
17.
Guagliardo SAJ et al., 2019. Despite high-risk exposures, no evidence of zoonotic transmission during a canine outbreak of leptospirosis. Zoonoses Public Health 66: 223–231.
-
18.
Stull JW , Brophy J , Weese JS , 2015. Reducing the risk of pet-associated zoonotic infections. CMAJ 187: 736–743.
-
19.
Tan CG , Dharmarajan G , Beasley J , Rhodes O , Moore G , Wu CC , Lin TL , 2014. Neglected leptospirosis in raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Indiana, USA. Vet Q 34: 1–10.
-
20.
Iverson SA et al., 2021. Clinical, diagnostic, and epidemiological features of a community-wide outbreak of canine leptospirosis in a low-prevalence region (Maricopa County, Arizona). J Am Vet Med Assoc 258: 616–629.
-
21.
Malter KB , Tugel ME , Gil-Rodriguez M , de la Guardia G , Jackson SW , Ryan WG , Moore GE , 2022. Variability in non-core vaccination rates of dogs and cats in veterinary clinics across the United States. Vaccine 40: 1001–1009.
-
22.
AAHA, 2022 2022AAHA Canine Vaccination Guidelines. Available at: https://www.aaha.org/aaha-guidelines/2022-aaha-canine-vaccination-guidelines/home/. Accessed November 2, 2023.
-
23.
Lee HS , Guptill L , Johnson AJ , Moore GE , 2014. Signalment changes in canine leptospirosis between 1970 and 2009. J Vet Intern Med 28: 294–299.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 3481 | 3481 | 99 |
| Full Text Views | 107 | 107 | 5 |
| PDF Downloads | 128 | 128 | 6 |
Case Report: Locally Acquired Leptospirosis in a Minnesota Boy and His Dog
Beth K. Thielen
Beth K. Thielen
Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota;
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Stacy Holzbauer
Stacy Holzbauer
Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minnesota;
Career Epidemiology Field Officer Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;
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Career Epidemiology Field Officer Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;
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Bethany Templen
Bethany Templen
M Health Fairview Clinic, Brooklyn Park, Minnesota;
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Ilana J. Schafer
Ilana J. Schafer
Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;
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Aileen Artus
Aileen Artus
Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;
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Renee Galloway
Renee Galloway
Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;
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Malia Ireland
Malia Ireland
Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minnesota;
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Tanya Femrite
Tanya Femrite
Mounds View Animal Hospital, Mounds View, Minnesota
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Mark R. Schleiss
Mark R. Schleiss
Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota;
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ABSTRACT.
Leptospirosis affects numerous animal species, including domestic dogs, but documented transmission to humans is rare. Here, we describe epidemiologically linked cases in a 12-year-old Minnesota boy and his pet dog. While human leptospirosis is often thought of as a disease of tropical locations, this case report describes a rare documented example of local transmission in the northern United States, a region historically not perceived to be at high risk of Leptospira species transmission to humans. This case highlights an unusual presentation, with facial nerve palsy, underappreciated epidemiological risks, and diagnostic challenges of this reemerging infection.
Author Notes
Disclosure: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC.
Authors’ addresses: Beth K. Thielen and Mark R. Schliess, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, E-mails: thie0149@umn.edu and schleiss@umn.edu. Stacy Holzbauer, Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, and Career Epidemiology Field Officer Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, St. Paul, MN, E-mail: stacy.holzbauer@state.mn.us. Bethany Templen, M Health Fairview Clinic, Brooklyn Park, MN, E-mail: bethanystark@gmail.com. Ilana J. Schafer, Division of Global Health Protection, Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: wii3@cdc.gov. Aileen Artus, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: alnartus@gmail.com. Renee Galloway, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: zul0@cdc.gov. Malia Ireland, Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, E-mail: malia.ireland@state.mn.us. Tanya Femrite, Mounds View Animal Hospital, Mounds View, MN, E-mail: tfemrite2000@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Curtis KM , Foster PC , Smith PS , Monn MP , Stillman BA , Chandrashekar R , Lappin MR , Goldstein RE , 2015. Performance of a recombinant LipL32 based rapid in-clinic ELISA (SNAP® Lepto) for the detection of antibodies against Leptospira in dogs. Int J Appl Res Vet Med 13: 182–189.
-
2.
Lizer J , Velineni S , Weber A , Krecic M , Meeus P , 2018. Evaluation of 3 serological tests for early detection of Leptospira-specific antibodies in experimentally infected dogs. J Vet Intern Med 32: 201–207.
-
3.
Galloway RL , Hoffmaster AR , 2015. Optimization of LipL32 PCR assay for increased sensitivity in diagnosing leptospirosis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 82: 199–200.
-
4.
Stoddard RA , Gee JE , Wilkins PP , McCaustland K , Hoffmaster AR , 2009. Detection of pathogenic Leptospira spp. through TaqMan polymerase chain reaction targeting the LipL32 gene. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 64: 247–255.
-
5.
Ferreira AS , Costa P , Rocha T , Amaro A , Vieira ML , Ahmed A , Thompson G , Hartskeerl RA , Inácio J , 2014. Direct detection and differentiation of pathogenic Leptospira species using a multi-gene targeted real time PCR approach. PLoS One 9: e112312.
-
6.
Kumarihamy KWMPP , Ralapanawa DMPUK , Jayalath WATA , 2015. Co-existent facial palsy and myocarditis in a 50-year old farmer diagnosed with probable leptospirosis: a case report. BMC Res Notes 8: 26.
-
7.
Maldonado F , Portier H , Kisterman J-P , 2004. Bilateral facial palsy in a case of leptospirosis. Scand J Infect Dis 36: 386–388.
-
8.
Haake DA , Levett PN , 2015. Leptospirosis in humans. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 387: 65–97.
-
9.
CDC , 2022. Leptospirosis (Leptospira Interrogans) 2013 Case Definition. Available at: https://ndc.services.cdc.gov/case-definitions/leptospirosis-2013/. Accessed August 12, 2022.
-
10.
Philip N , Affendy NB , Masri SN , Yuhana MY , Than LTL , Sekawi Z , Neela VK , 2020. Combined PCR and MAT improves the early diagnosis of the biphasic illness leptospirosis. PLoS One 15: e0239069.
-
11.
Bal AE , Gravekamp C , Hartskeerl RA , De Meza-Brewster J , Korver H , Terpstra WJ , 1994. Detection of leptospires in urine by PCR for early diagnosis of leptospirosis. J Clin Microbiol 32: 1894–1898.
-
12.
Podgoršek D , Ružić-Sabljić E , Logar M , Pavlović A , Remec T , Baklan Z , Pal E , Cerar T , 2020. Evaluation of real-time PCR targeting the lipL32 gene for diagnosis of Leptospira infection. BMC Microbiol 20: 59.
-
13.
Sykes JE , Reagan KL , Nally JE , Galloway RL , Haake DA , 2022. Role of diagnostics in epidemiology, management, surveillance, and control of leptospirosis. Pathogens 11: 395.
-
14.
Katz AR , Ansdell VE , Effler PV , Middleton CR , Sasaki DM , 2002. Leptospirosis in Hawaii, 1974–1998: epidemiologic analysis of 353 laboratory-confirmed cases. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 61–70.
-
15.
Williams-Nguyen J , Claudia M-Z , 2012. Seroprevalence of leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis in children from Wisconsin. International Conference of Emerging Infectious Diseases (conference proceedings), March 11–14, 2012, Atlanta, Georgia.
-
16.
Smith AM , Stull JW , Evason MD , Weese JS , Wittum TE , Szlosek D , Arruda AG , 2021. Investigation of spatio-temporal clusters of positive leptospirosis polymerase chain reaction test results in dogs in the United States, 2009 to 2016. J Vet Intern Med 35: 1355–1360.
-
17.
Guagliardo SAJ et al., 2019. Despite high-risk exposures, no evidence of zoonotic transmission during a canine outbreak of leptospirosis. Zoonoses Public Health 66: 223–231.
-
18.
Stull JW , Brophy J , Weese JS , 2015. Reducing the risk of pet-associated zoonotic infections. CMAJ 187: 736–743.
-
19.
Tan CG , Dharmarajan G , Beasley J , Rhodes O , Moore G , Wu CC , Lin TL , 2014. Neglected leptospirosis in raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Indiana, USA. Vet Q 34: 1–10.
-
20.
Iverson SA et al., 2021. Clinical, diagnostic, and epidemiological features of a community-wide outbreak of canine leptospirosis in a low-prevalence region (Maricopa County, Arizona). J Am Vet Med Assoc 258: 616–629.
-
21.
Malter KB , Tugel ME , Gil-Rodriguez M , de la Guardia G , Jackson SW , Ryan WG , Moore GE , 2022. Variability in non-core vaccination rates of dogs and cats in veterinary clinics across the United States. Vaccine 40: 1001–1009.
-
22.
AAHA, 2022 2022AAHA Canine Vaccination Guidelines. Available at: https://www.aaha.org/aaha-guidelines/2022-aaha-canine-vaccination-guidelines/home/. Accessed November 2, 2023.
-
23.
Lee HS , Guptill L , Johnson AJ , Moore GE , 2014. Signalment changes in canine leptospirosis between 1970 and 2009. J Vet Intern Med 28: 294–299.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 3481 | 3481 | 99 |
| Full Text Views | 107 | 107 | 5 |
| PDF Downloads | 128 | 128 | 6 |