ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Mustafa M , Rasotgi V , Jain S , Gupta V , 2015. Discovery of fifth serotype of dengue virus (DENV-5): a new public health dilemma in dengue control. Med J Armed Forces India 71: 67–70.
-
2.
Roy SK , Bhattacharjee S , 2021. Dengue virus: epidemiology, biology, and disease aetiology. Can J Microbiol 67: 687–702.
-
3.
Awan NJ , Chaudhry A , Hussain Z , Baig ZI , Baig MA , Asghar RJ , Khader Y , Ikram A , 2022. Risk factors of dengue fever in urban areas of Rawalpindi District in Pakistan during 2017: a case control study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 8: e27270.
-
4.
World Health Organization , 2021. Dengue Fever: Pakistan. Available at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/dengue-fever-pakistan. Accessed July 29, 2021.
-
5.
Bhatt P , Sabeena SP , Varma M , Arunkumar G , 2021. Current understanding of the pathogenesis of dengue virus infection. Curr Microbiol 78: 17–32.
-
6.
Guzman MG et al., 2010. Dengue: a continuing global threat. Nat Rev Microbiol 8: S7–S16.
-
7.
Anderson KB et al., 2014. A shorter time interval between first and second dengue infections is associated with protection from clinical illness in a school-based cohort in Thailand. J Infect Dis 209: 360–368.
-
8.
Breitbach ME et al., 2019. Primary infection with dengue or Zika virus does not affect the severity of heterologous secondary infection in macaques. PLoS Pathog 15: e1007766.
-
9.
Ulrich H , Pillat MM , Tárnok A , 2020. Dengue fever, COVID‐19 (SARS‐CoV‐2), and antibody‐dependent enhancement (ADE): a perspective. Cytometry A 97: 662–667.
-
10.
Halstead SB , Dans LF , 2019. Dengue infection and advances in dengue vaccines for children. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 3: 734–741.
-
11.
Muller DA , Depelsenaire AC , Young PR , 2017. Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infection. J Infect Dis 215: S89–S95.
-
12.
Suwarto S , Hidayat MJ , Widjaya B , 2018. Dengue score as a diagnostic predictor for pleural effusion and/or ascites: external validation and clinical application. BMC Infect Dis 18: 90.
-
13.
Suwarto S , Nainggolan L , Sinto R , Effendi B , Ibrahim E , Suryamin M , Sasmono RT , 2016. Dengue score: a proposed diagnostic predictor for pleural effusion and/or ascites in adults with dengue infection. BMC Infect Dis 16: 322.
-
14.
Kularatnam GAM , Jasinge E , Gunasena S , Smaranayake D , Senanayake MP , Wickramasinghe VP , 2019. Evaluation of biochemical and haematological changes in dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever in Sri Lankan children: a prospective follow up study. BMC Pediatr 19: 87.
-
15.
Muller DA , Depelsenaire ACI , Young PR , 2017. Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infection. J Infect Dis 215: S89–S95.
-
16.
World Health Organization , 2009. Dengue: Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
17.
Dussart P et al., 2020. Comparison of dengue case classification schemes and evaluation of biological changes in different dengue clinical patterns in a longitudinal follow-up of hospitalized children in Cambodia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 14: e0008603.
-
18.
Hadinegoro SRS , 2012. The revised WHO dengue case classification: does the system need to be modified? Paediatr Int Child Health 32: 33–38.
-
19.
Sabchareon A et al., 2002. Safety and immunogenicity of tetravalent live-attenuated dengue vaccines in Thai adult volunteers: role of serotype concentration, ratio, and multiple doses. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 264–272.
-
20.
Griffin DE , 2016. The immune response in measles: virus control, clearance and protective immunity. Viruses 8: 282.
-
21.
Bozza FA , Cruz OG , Zagne SM , Azeredo EL , Nogueira RM , Assis EF , Bozza PT , Kubelka CF , 2008. Multiplex cytokine profile from dengue patients: MIP-1beta and IFN-gamma as predictive factors for severity. BMC Infect Dis 8: 86.
-
22.
Chuang YC , Lei HY , Liu HS , Lin YS , Fu TF , Yeh TM , 2011. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor induced by dengue virus infection increases vascular permeability. Cytokine 54: 222–231.
-
23.
Samanta J , Sharma V , 2015. Dengue and its effects on liver. World J Clin Cases 3: 125.
-
24.
Ranjit S , Kissoon N , 2011. Dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndromes. Pediatr Crit Care Med 12: 90–100.
-
25.
Méndez A , González G , 2006. Abnormal clinical manifestations of dengue hemorrhagic fever in children. Biomedica 26: 61–70.
-
26.
Guzman MG , Alvarez M , Halstead SB , 2013. Secondary infection as a risk factor for dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome: an historical perspective and role of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection. Arch Virol 158: 1445–1459.
-
27.
Senaratne T , Wimalaratne H , Alahakoon DG , Gunawardane N , Carr J , Noordeen F , 2016. Characterization of dengue virus infections in a sample of patients suggests unique clinical, immunological, and virological profiles that impact on the diagnosis of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. J Med Virol 88: 1703–1710.
-
28.
Kotepui M , PhunPhuech B , Phiwklam N , Uthaisar K , 2017. Differentiating between dengue fever and malaria using hematological parameters in endemic areas of Thailand. Infect Dis Poverty 6: 27.
-
29.
La Russa VF , Innis BL , 1995. Mechanisms of dengue virus-induced bone marrow suppression. Baillieres Clin Haematol 8: 249–270.
-
30.
Jayadas TTP , Kumanan T , Arasaratnam S , Gajapathy K , Surendran SN , 2019. The clinical profile, hematological parameters and liver transaminases of dengue NS1 Ag positive patients admitted to Jaffna Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka. BMC Res Notes 12: 604.
-
31.
Kotepui M , PhunPhuech B , Phiwklam N , Uthaisar K , 2017. Differentiating between dengue fever and malaria using hematological parameters in endemic areas of Thailand. Infect Dis Poverty 6: 27.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 3364 | 1985 | 199 |
| Full Text Views | 91 | 48 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 98 | 49 | 1 |
Severity of Dengue Viral Infection Based on Clinical and Hematological Parameters among Pakistani Patients
Faiz Ul Haq
Faiz Ul Haq
Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan;
Search for other papers by Faiz Ul Haq in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Faiz Ul Haq in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Muhammad Imran
Muhammad Imran
Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan;
Search for other papers by Muhammad Imran in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Muhammad Imran in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Zeenaf Aslam
Zeenaf Aslam
Institute of Nursing Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan;
Search for other papers by Zeenaf Aslam in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Zeenaf Aslam in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Farhan Mukhtar
Farhan Mukhtar
University College of Nursing, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan;
Search for other papers by Farhan Mukhtar in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Farhan Mukhtar in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Kokab Jabeen
Kokab Jabeen
Department of Pathology, Ameer Ud Din Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan;
Search for other papers by Kokab Jabeen in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Kokab Jabeen in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Mahnoor Chaudhry
Mahnoor Chaudhry
Department of Pathology, Ameer Ud Din Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan;
Search for other papers by Mahnoor Chaudhry in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Mahnoor Chaudhry in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Saeed Ur Rahman
Saeed Ur Rahman
Department of Nursing, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan;
Search for other papers by Saeed Ur Rahman in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Saeed Ur Rahman in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Nasir Muhammad
Nasir Muhammad
Department of Hematology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
Search for other papers by Nasir Muhammad in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Nasir Muhammad in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
ABSTRACT.
The global burden of dengue infections has increased dramatically. Early diagnosis of dengue infection is critical to proper medical management to avoid further complications in patients. This study was geared to assess the severity of dengue infections based on clinical and hematological examinations. A cross-sectional study was conducted among febrile patients with dengue infection in a teaching hospital in Pakistan. Blood samples were investigated for dengue-specific antibodies (IgM and IgG) and the nonstructural 1 antigen. The clinical findings of each subject were noted to assess the severity of the infection. Tests for hematological parameters were performed. Of 130 patients with confirmed dengue infection, 23 had severe and 107 had nonsevere dengue. Patients with severe dengue experienced mucosal bleeding (71.4%), fluid accumulation (57.1%), shock (35.7%), and gastrointestinal bleeding (28.6%). The most significant hematological findings among severe and nonsevere patients with dengue infection were thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and a raised hematocrit level (P < 0.001). Patients with severe dengue infection showed marked thrombocytopenia, with a mean platelet count of 49.96 × 109 platelets/L. The clinical presentation of patients with dengue infection along with hematological markers are the most important clues for the diagnosis of, prognosis of, and therapy for dengue infection. Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and raised hematocrit levels were the most significant hematological parameters when assessing the severity of dengue infection.
Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: Faiz Ul Haq and Muhammad Imran, Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, E-mails: faizulhaq@uhs.edu.pk and mi.bannu@yahoo.com. Zeenaf Aslam, Institute of Nursing Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan, E-mail: zeenafaslam@uhs.edu.pk. Farhan Mukhtar, University College of Nursing, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, E-mail: farhan.mukhtar@iub.edu.pk. Kokab Jabeen and Mahnoor Chaudhry, Department of Pathology, Ameer Ud Din Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan, E-mails: kaukab_jabeen@yahoo.com and mahnoorchaudhry474@gmail.com. Saeed Ur Rahman, Department of Nursing, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, E-mail: saeediann@gmail.com. Nasir Muhammad, Department of Hematology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, E-mail: nasirhema@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Mustafa M , Rasotgi V , Jain S , Gupta V , 2015. Discovery of fifth serotype of dengue virus (DENV-5): a new public health dilemma in dengue control. Med J Armed Forces India 71: 67–70.
-
2.
Roy SK , Bhattacharjee S , 2021. Dengue virus: epidemiology, biology, and disease aetiology. Can J Microbiol 67: 687–702.
-
3.
Awan NJ , Chaudhry A , Hussain Z , Baig ZI , Baig MA , Asghar RJ , Khader Y , Ikram A , 2022. Risk factors of dengue fever in urban areas of Rawalpindi District in Pakistan during 2017: a case control study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 8: e27270.
-
4.
World Health Organization , 2021. Dengue Fever: Pakistan. Available at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/dengue-fever-pakistan. Accessed July 29, 2021.
-
5.
Bhatt P , Sabeena SP , Varma M , Arunkumar G , 2021. Current understanding of the pathogenesis of dengue virus infection. Curr Microbiol 78: 17–32.
-
6.
Guzman MG et al., 2010. Dengue: a continuing global threat. Nat Rev Microbiol 8: S7–S16.
-
7.
Anderson KB et al., 2014. A shorter time interval between first and second dengue infections is associated with protection from clinical illness in a school-based cohort in Thailand. J Infect Dis 209: 360–368.
-
8.
Breitbach ME et al., 2019. Primary infection with dengue or Zika virus does not affect the severity of heterologous secondary infection in macaques. PLoS Pathog 15: e1007766.
-
9.
Ulrich H , Pillat MM , Tárnok A , 2020. Dengue fever, COVID‐19 (SARS‐CoV‐2), and antibody‐dependent enhancement (ADE): a perspective. Cytometry A 97: 662–667.
-
10.
Halstead SB , Dans LF , 2019. Dengue infection and advances in dengue vaccines for children. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 3: 734–741.
-
11.
Muller DA , Depelsenaire AC , Young PR , 2017. Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infection. J Infect Dis 215: S89–S95.
-
12.
Suwarto S , Hidayat MJ , Widjaya B , 2018. Dengue score as a diagnostic predictor for pleural effusion and/or ascites: external validation and clinical application. BMC Infect Dis 18: 90.
-
13.
Suwarto S , Nainggolan L , Sinto R , Effendi B , Ibrahim E , Suryamin M , Sasmono RT , 2016. Dengue score: a proposed diagnostic predictor for pleural effusion and/or ascites in adults with dengue infection. BMC Infect Dis 16: 322.
-
14.
Kularatnam GAM , Jasinge E , Gunasena S , Smaranayake D , Senanayake MP , Wickramasinghe VP , 2019. Evaluation of biochemical and haematological changes in dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever in Sri Lankan children: a prospective follow up study. BMC Pediatr 19: 87.
-
15.
Muller DA , Depelsenaire ACI , Young PR , 2017. Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infection. J Infect Dis 215: S89–S95.
-
16.
World Health Organization , 2009. Dengue: Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
17.
Dussart P et al., 2020. Comparison of dengue case classification schemes and evaluation of biological changes in different dengue clinical patterns in a longitudinal follow-up of hospitalized children in Cambodia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 14: e0008603.
-
18.
Hadinegoro SRS , 2012. The revised WHO dengue case classification: does the system need to be modified? Paediatr Int Child Health 32: 33–38.
-
19.
Sabchareon A et al., 2002. Safety and immunogenicity of tetravalent live-attenuated dengue vaccines in Thai adult volunteers: role of serotype concentration, ratio, and multiple doses. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 264–272.
-
20.
Griffin DE , 2016. The immune response in measles: virus control, clearance and protective immunity. Viruses 8: 282.
-
21.
Bozza FA , Cruz OG , Zagne SM , Azeredo EL , Nogueira RM , Assis EF , Bozza PT , Kubelka CF , 2008. Multiplex cytokine profile from dengue patients: MIP-1beta and IFN-gamma as predictive factors for severity. BMC Infect Dis 8: 86.
-
22.
Chuang YC , Lei HY , Liu HS , Lin YS , Fu TF , Yeh TM , 2011. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor induced by dengue virus infection increases vascular permeability. Cytokine 54: 222–231.
-
23.
Samanta J , Sharma V , 2015. Dengue and its effects on liver. World J Clin Cases 3: 125.
-
24.
Ranjit S , Kissoon N , 2011. Dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndromes. Pediatr Crit Care Med 12: 90–100.
-
25.
Méndez A , González G , 2006. Abnormal clinical manifestations of dengue hemorrhagic fever in children. Biomedica 26: 61–70.
-
26.
Guzman MG , Alvarez M , Halstead SB , 2013. Secondary infection as a risk factor for dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome: an historical perspective and role of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection. Arch Virol 158: 1445–1459.
-
27.
Senaratne T , Wimalaratne H , Alahakoon DG , Gunawardane N , Carr J , Noordeen F , 2016. Characterization of dengue virus infections in a sample of patients suggests unique clinical, immunological, and virological profiles that impact on the diagnosis of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. J Med Virol 88: 1703–1710.
-
28.
Kotepui M , PhunPhuech B , Phiwklam N , Uthaisar K , 2017. Differentiating between dengue fever and malaria using hematological parameters in endemic areas of Thailand. Infect Dis Poverty 6: 27.
-
29.
La Russa VF , Innis BL , 1995. Mechanisms of dengue virus-induced bone marrow suppression. Baillieres Clin Haematol 8: 249–270.
-
30.
Jayadas TTP , Kumanan T , Arasaratnam S , Gajapathy K , Surendran SN , 2019. The clinical profile, hematological parameters and liver transaminases of dengue NS1 Ag positive patients admitted to Jaffna Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka. BMC Res Notes 12: 604.
-
31.
Kotepui M , PhunPhuech B , Phiwklam N , Uthaisar K , 2017. Differentiating between dengue fever and malaria using hematological parameters in endemic areas of Thailand. Infect Dis Poverty 6: 27.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 3364 | 1985 | 199 |
| Full Text Views | 91 | 48 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 98 | 49 | 1 |