ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Walker AS, 1957. The island campaigns. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 5 Medical, Vol. III. Canberra, Australia: Australian War Memorial.
-
2.
World Health Organization , 2021. World Malaria Report 2021. Licence CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
3.
Mehlotra RK, Lorry K, Kastens W, Miller SM, Alpers MP, Bockarie M, Kazura JW, Zimmerman PA, 2000. Random distribution of mixed species malaria infections in Papua New Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62: 225–231.
-
4.
Hetzel MW, Saweri OPM, Kuadima JJ, Smith I, Ura Y, Tandrapah A, Jamea-Maiasa S, Siba PM, Pulford J, 2018. Papua New Guinea Malaria Indicator Survey 2016–2017: Malaria Prevention, Infection and Treatment. Goroka, Papua New Guinea: Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research.
-
5.
World Health Organization , 2022. World Malaria Report 2022. Licence CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
6.
Kazura JW, Bockarie MJ, 2003. Lymphatic filariasis in Papua New Guinea: interdisciplinary research on a national health problem. Trends Parasitol 19: 260–263.
-
7.
Berg Soto A, Xu Z, Wood P, Sanuku N, Robinson LJ, King CL, Tisch D, Susapu M, Graves PM, 2018. Combining different diagnostic studies of lymphatic filariasis for risk mapping in Papua New Guinea: a predictive model from microfilaraemia and antigenaemia prevalence surveys. Trop Med Health 46: 41.
-
8.
World Health Organization , 2021. Global Tuberculosis Report. Licence CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
9.
Williams SW, Sinclair AJM, Jackson AV, 1944. Mite-borne (scrub) typhus in Papua and the mandated territory of New Guinea: report of 626 cases. Med J Aust 2: 525–539.
-
10.
World Health Organization , 2023. Prevalence of Anaemia in Children Aged 6–59 Months (%). Available at: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/prevalence-of-anaemia-in-children-under-5-years-(-). Accessed January 19, 2023.
-
11.
World Health Organization , 2011. Haemoglobin Concentrations for the Diagnosis of Anaemia and Assessment of Severity. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System. (WHO/NMH/NHD/MNM11.1). Available at: http://www.who.int/vmnis/indicators/haemoglobin.pdf. Accessed July 5, 2021.
-
12.
Senn N, Maraga S, Sie A, Rogerson SJ, Reeder JC, Siba P, Mueller I, 2010. Population hemoglobin mean and anemia prevalence in Papua New Guinea: new metrics for defining malaria endemicity? PLoS One 5: e9375.
-
13.
Manning L, Laman M, Rosanas-Urgell A, Michon P, Aipit S, Bona C, Siba P, Mueller I, Davis TM, 2012. Severe anemia in Papua New Guinean children from a malaria-endemic area: a case-control etiologic study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1972.
-
14.
Park JW, Cheong HK, Honda Y, Ha M, Kim H, Kolam J, Inape K, Mueller I, 2016. Time trend of malaria in relation to climate variability in Papua New Guinea. Environ Health Toxicol 31: e2016003.
-
15.
Hetzel MW, Morris H, Tarongka N, Barnadas C, Pulford J, Makita L, Siba PM, Mueller I, 2015. Prevalence of malaria across Papua New Guinea after initial roll-out of insecticide-treated mosquito nets. Trop Med Int Health 20: 1745–1755.
-
16.
Lumb R, 2013. Laboratory Diagnosis of Tuberculosis by Sputum Microscopy: The Handbook/Richard Lumb, Armand Van Deun, Ivan Bastian, Mark Fitz-Gerald. Adelaide, South Australia: SA Pathology.
-
17.
Grant R, Kizu J, Graham M, McCallum F, McPherson B, Auliff A, Kaminiel P, Liu W, 2022. Serological evidence of possible high levels of undetected transmission of Zika virus among Papua New Guinea military personnel, 2019. IJID Reg 4: 131–133.
-
18.
Graham M, Kizu J, Devine G, McCallum F, McPherson B, Auliff A, Kaminiel P, Liu W, 2022. Seroprevalence of chikungunya virus among military personnel in Papua New Guinea, 2019. IJID Reg 3: 34–36.
-
19.
Muller I, Bockarie M, Alpers M, Smith T, 2003. The epidemiology of malaria in Papua New Guinea. Trends Parasitol 19: 253–259.
-
20.
Allen BJ, Attenborough RD & Alpers MP Human Biology in Papua New Guinea: The Small Cosmos. Oxford, United Kingdom: Clarendon Press, 36–66.
-
21.
Lin E et al., 2010. Differential patterns of infection and disease with P. falciparum and P. vivax in young Papua New Guinean children. PLoS One 5: e9047.
-
22.
Seidahmed O, Kurumop S, Jamea S, Tandrapah A, Timbi D, Hetzel M, Pomat W, 2021. Papua New Guinea Malaria Indicator Survey 2019–2020: Final Report on Malaria Prevention, Infection Prevalence and Treatment-Seeking. Goroka, Papua New Guinea: Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research.
-
23.
Robinson LJ et al., 2015. Strategies for understanding and reducing the Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale hypnozoite reservoir in Papua New Guinean children: a randomised placebo-controlled trial and mathematical model. PLoS Med 12: e1001891.
-
24.
Ome-Kaius M et al., 2019. Differential impact of malaria control interventions on P. falciparum and P. vivax infections in young Papua New Guinean children. BMC Med 17: 220.
-
25.
Maltha J, Gillet P, Jacobs J, 2013. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests in endemic settings. Clin Microbiol Infect 19: 399–407.
-
26.
Maltha J, Gillet P, Cnops L, van den Ende J, van Esbroeck M, Jacobs J, 2010. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests: Plasmodium falciparum infections with high parasite densities may generate false positive Plasmodium vivax pLDH lines. Malar J 9: 198.
-
27.
Maltha J, Gillet P, Jacobs J, 2013. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests in travel medicine. Clin Microbiol Infect 19: 408–415.
-
28.
Donald W et al., 2016. The utility of malaria rapid diagnostic tests as a tool in enhanced surveillance for malaria elimination in Vanuatu. PLoS One 11: e0167136.
-
29.
Dalrymple U, Arambepola R, Gething PW, Cameron E, 2018. How long do rapid diagnostic tests remain positive after anti-malarial treatment? Malar J 17: 1–13.
-
30.
Chockkalingam K, Board PG, Nurse GT, 1982. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Papua New Guinea. The description of 13 new variants. Hum Genet 60: 189–192.
-
31.
Wagner G, Bhatia K, Board P, 1996. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency mutations in Papua New Guinea. Hum Biol 68: 383–394.
-
32.
Yenchitsomanus P, Summers KM, Board PG, Bhatia KK, Jones GL, Johnston K, Nurse GT, 1986. Alpha-thalassemia in Papua New Guinea. Hum Genet 74: 432–437.
-
33.
Ley B et al., 2021. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in individuals with and without malaria: analysis of clinical trial, cross-sectional and case-control data from Bangladesh. PLoS Med 18: e1003576.
-
34.
Hung NM, Eto H, Mita T, Tsukahara T, Hombhanje FW, Hwaihwanje I, Takahashi N, Kobayakawa T, 2008. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) variants in East Sepik Province of Papua New Guinea: G6PD Jammu, G6PD Vanua Lava, and a novel variant (G6PD Dagua). Trop Med Health 36: 163–169.
-
35.
Gerth-Guyette E et al., 2021. Usability of a point-of-care diagnostic to identify glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a multi-country assessment of test label comprehension and results interpretation. Malar J 20: 307.
-
36.
World Health Organization , 2008. Worldwide Prevalence of Anaemia 1993–2005: WHO Global Database on Anaemia. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
37.
Cable RG, 1995. Hemoglobin determination in blood donors. Transfus Med Rev 9: 131–144.
-
38.
Daae L, Halvorsen S, Mathisen P, Mironska K, 1988. A comparison between haematological parameters in ‘capillary’and venous blood from healthy adults. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 48: 723–726.
-
39.
Magnusson E, Eriksson A, 2010. Technical Letter No 17: Blood Sampling – The HemoCue Way – HemoCue®Hemoglobin and WBC. Ängelholm, Sweden: Hemocue.
-
40.
Graves PM et al., 2013. Lymphatic filariasis in Papua New Guinea: distribution at district level and impact of mass drug administration, 1980 to 2011. Parasit Vectors 6: 7.
-
41.
Helmy H, Weil GJ, Ellethy AS, Ahmed ES, Setouhy ME, Ramzy RM, 2006. Bancroftian filariasis: effect of repeated treatment with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole on microfilaraemia, antigenaemia and antifilarial antibodies. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 100: 656–662.
-
42.
Namuganga AR, Chegou NN, Mayanja-Kizza H, 2021. Past and present approaches to diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 8: 709793.
-
43.
Jafari C, Olaru ID, Daduna F, Ernst M, Heyckendorf J, Lange C, Kalsdorf B, 2018. Rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis by combined molecular and immunological methods. Eur Respir J 51: 1702189.
-
44.
Sutanto I et al., 2018. Negligible impact of mass screening and treatment on mesoendemic malaria transmission at West Timor in Eastern Indonesia: a cluster-randomized trial. Clin Infect Dis 67: 1364–1372.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1922 | 767 | 256 |
| Full Text Views | 214 | 69 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 127 | 54 | 1 |
A Health Survey Revealing Prevalence of Vector-Borne Diseases and Tuberculosis in Papua New Guinea Defence Force Personnel and Families
Fiona McCallum
Fiona McCallum
Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Brisbane, Australia;
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Krond Mond
Krond Mond
Papua New Guinea Defence Force Health Services, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea;
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Qin Cheng
Qin Cheng
Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Brisbane, Australia;
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Luis Furuya-Kanamori
Luis Furuya-Kanamori
School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
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Alyson Auliff
Alyson Auliff
Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Brisbane, Australia;
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Peter Kaminiel
Peter Kaminiel
Papua New Guinea Defence Force Health Services, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea;
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for the ADFMIDI/PNGDF Health Services Survey Team
for the ADFMIDI/PNGDF Health Services Survey Team
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ABSTRACT.
The Papua New Guinean Defence Force (PNGDF) and the Australian Defence Force (ADF) work and train closely. Infectious diseases pose a health threat to both forces, but recent knowledge about the risk at military bases in Papua New Guinea is limited. To improve understanding, a collaborative cross-sectional survey was conducted (March–April 2019) at Lombrum Naval base (Manus province) and Moem Army barracks (Wewak, East Sepik province) plus its Vanimo outpost (Sandaun province). Clinical data, venous blood, and sputum were collected from PNGDF personnel (DF) from the three sites, with point-of-care testing conducted for malaria (microscopy and rapid diagnostic test [RDT]), lymphatic filariasis (RDT), glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency (RDT), tuberculosis (GeneXpert), and hemoglobin level. Finger prick blood collected from family members residing at the Wewak base was tested for malaria and hemoglobin level. Overall, 235 DF and 793 family members completed the survey. Microscopy revealed malaria prevalence as 0.4% Plasmodium falciparum and 3.1% Plasmodium vivax among DF and 3.5% P. falciparum, 14.3% P. vivax, and 0.3% mixed P. falciparum/P. vivax among family members. Among DF, 3.9% were G6PD deficient and none tested positive for tuberculosis or for lymphatic filariasis antigen. Anemia was present in 6.5% of DF and 47.3% of family members, predominantly females. Results suggest ongoing exposure to malaria, particularly P. vivax, at study sites, whereas infections of lymphatic filariasis and tuberculosis were not detected. Survey results will inform the PNGDF and the ADF regarding vector-borne disease risk for future sustainable health and disease control interventions.
- Supplemental Materials (PDF 222.17 KB)
- Supplemental Materials (PDF 123.32 KB)
Author Notes
Disclaimer: The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Australian Defence Force Joint Health Command.
Financial support: This work was funded by the
Authors’ addresses: Fiona McCallum, Qin Cheng, and Alyson Auliff, Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Brisbane, Australia, E-mails: fiona.mccallum@defence.gov.au, qin.cheng@defence.gov.au, and alyson.auliff@defence.gov.au. Krond Mond and Peter Kaminiel, Papua New Guinea Defence Force Health Services, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, E-mails: kmondo7mbj@gmail.com and pngdfdhs007@gmail.com. Luis Furuya-Kanamori, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia, E-mail: l.furuya@uq.edu.au.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Walker AS, 1957. The island campaigns. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 5 Medical, Vol. III. Canberra, Australia: Australian War Memorial.
-
2.
World Health Organization , 2021. World Malaria Report 2021. Licence CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
3.
Mehlotra RK, Lorry K, Kastens W, Miller SM, Alpers MP, Bockarie M, Kazura JW, Zimmerman PA, 2000. Random distribution of mixed species malaria infections in Papua New Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62: 225–231.
-
4.
Hetzel MW, Saweri OPM, Kuadima JJ, Smith I, Ura Y, Tandrapah A, Jamea-Maiasa S, Siba PM, Pulford J, 2018. Papua New Guinea Malaria Indicator Survey 2016–2017: Malaria Prevention, Infection and Treatment. Goroka, Papua New Guinea: Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research.
-
5.
World Health Organization , 2022. World Malaria Report 2022. Licence CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
6.
Kazura JW, Bockarie MJ, 2003. Lymphatic filariasis in Papua New Guinea: interdisciplinary research on a national health problem. Trends Parasitol 19: 260–263.
-
7.
Berg Soto A, Xu Z, Wood P, Sanuku N, Robinson LJ, King CL, Tisch D, Susapu M, Graves PM, 2018. Combining different diagnostic studies of lymphatic filariasis for risk mapping in Papua New Guinea: a predictive model from microfilaraemia and antigenaemia prevalence surveys. Trop Med Health 46: 41.
-
8.
World Health Organization , 2021. Global Tuberculosis Report. Licence CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
9.
Williams SW, Sinclair AJM, Jackson AV, 1944. Mite-borne (scrub) typhus in Papua and the mandated territory of New Guinea: report of 626 cases. Med J Aust 2: 525–539.
-
10.
World Health Organization , 2023. Prevalence of Anaemia in Children Aged 6–59 Months (%). Available at: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/prevalence-of-anaemia-in-children-under-5-years-(-). Accessed January 19, 2023.
-
11.
World Health Organization , 2011. Haemoglobin Concentrations for the Diagnosis of Anaemia and Assessment of Severity. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System. (WHO/NMH/NHD/MNM11.1). Available at: http://www.who.int/vmnis/indicators/haemoglobin.pdf. Accessed July 5, 2021.
-
12.
Senn N, Maraga S, Sie A, Rogerson SJ, Reeder JC, Siba P, Mueller I, 2010. Population hemoglobin mean and anemia prevalence in Papua New Guinea: new metrics for defining malaria endemicity? PLoS One 5: e9375.
-
13.
Manning L, Laman M, Rosanas-Urgell A, Michon P, Aipit S, Bona C, Siba P, Mueller I, Davis TM, 2012. Severe anemia in Papua New Guinean children from a malaria-endemic area: a case-control etiologic study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1972.
-
14.
Park JW, Cheong HK, Honda Y, Ha M, Kim H, Kolam J, Inape K, Mueller I, 2016. Time trend of malaria in relation to climate variability in Papua New Guinea. Environ Health Toxicol 31: e2016003.
-
15.
Hetzel MW, Morris H, Tarongka N, Barnadas C, Pulford J, Makita L, Siba PM, Mueller I, 2015. Prevalence of malaria across Papua New Guinea after initial roll-out of insecticide-treated mosquito nets. Trop Med Int Health 20: 1745–1755.
-
16.
Lumb R, 2013. Laboratory Diagnosis of Tuberculosis by Sputum Microscopy: The Handbook/Richard Lumb, Armand Van Deun, Ivan Bastian, Mark Fitz-Gerald. Adelaide, South Australia: SA Pathology.
-
17.
Grant R, Kizu J, Graham M, McCallum F, McPherson B, Auliff A, Kaminiel P, Liu W, 2022. Serological evidence of possible high levels of undetected transmission of Zika virus among Papua New Guinea military personnel, 2019. IJID Reg 4: 131–133.
-
18.
Graham M, Kizu J, Devine G, McCallum F, McPherson B, Auliff A, Kaminiel P, Liu W, 2022. Seroprevalence of chikungunya virus among military personnel in Papua New Guinea, 2019. IJID Reg 3: 34–36.
-
19.
Muller I, Bockarie M, Alpers M, Smith T, 2003. The epidemiology of malaria in Papua New Guinea. Trends Parasitol 19: 253–259.
-
20.
Allen BJ, Attenborough RD & Alpers MP Human Biology in Papua New Guinea: The Small Cosmos. Oxford, United Kingdom: Clarendon Press, 36–66.
-
21.
Lin E et al., 2010. Differential patterns of infection and disease with P. falciparum and P. vivax in young Papua New Guinean children. PLoS One 5: e9047.
-
22.
Seidahmed O, Kurumop S, Jamea S, Tandrapah A, Timbi D, Hetzel M, Pomat W, 2021. Papua New Guinea Malaria Indicator Survey 2019–2020: Final Report on Malaria Prevention, Infection Prevalence and Treatment-Seeking. Goroka, Papua New Guinea: Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research.
-
23.
Robinson LJ et al., 2015. Strategies for understanding and reducing the Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale hypnozoite reservoir in Papua New Guinean children: a randomised placebo-controlled trial and mathematical model. PLoS Med 12: e1001891.
-
24.
Ome-Kaius M et al., 2019. Differential impact of malaria control interventions on P. falciparum and P. vivax infections in young Papua New Guinean children. BMC Med 17: 220.
-
25.
Maltha J, Gillet P, Jacobs J, 2013. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests in endemic settings. Clin Microbiol Infect 19: 399–407.
-
26.
Maltha J, Gillet P, Cnops L, van den Ende J, van Esbroeck M, Jacobs J, 2010. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests: Plasmodium falciparum infections with high parasite densities may generate false positive Plasmodium vivax pLDH lines. Malar J 9: 198.
-
27.
Maltha J, Gillet P, Jacobs J, 2013. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests in travel medicine. Clin Microbiol Infect 19: 408–415.
-
28.
Donald W et al., 2016. The utility of malaria rapid diagnostic tests as a tool in enhanced surveillance for malaria elimination in Vanuatu. PLoS One 11: e0167136.
-
29.
Dalrymple U, Arambepola R, Gething PW, Cameron E, 2018. How long do rapid diagnostic tests remain positive after anti-malarial treatment? Malar J 17: 1–13.
-
30.
Chockkalingam K, Board PG, Nurse GT, 1982. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Papua New Guinea. The description of 13 new variants. Hum Genet 60: 189–192.
-
31.
Wagner G, Bhatia K, Board P, 1996. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency mutations in Papua New Guinea. Hum Biol 68: 383–394.
-
32.
Yenchitsomanus P, Summers KM, Board PG, Bhatia KK, Jones GL, Johnston K, Nurse GT, 1986. Alpha-thalassemia in Papua New Guinea. Hum Genet 74: 432–437.
-
33.
Ley B et al., 2021. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in individuals with and without malaria: analysis of clinical trial, cross-sectional and case-control data from Bangladesh. PLoS Med 18: e1003576.
-
34.
Hung NM, Eto H, Mita T, Tsukahara T, Hombhanje FW, Hwaihwanje I, Takahashi N, Kobayakawa T, 2008. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) variants in East Sepik Province of Papua New Guinea: G6PD Jammu, G6PD Vanua Lava, and a novel variant (G6PD Dagua). Trop Med Health 36: 163–169.
-
35.
Gerth-Guyette E et al., 2021. Usability of a point-of-care diagnostic to identify glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a multi-country assessment of test label comprehension and results interpretation. Malar J 20: 307.
-
36.
World Health Organization , 2008. Worldwide Prevalence of Anaemia 1993–2005: WHO Global Database on Anaemia. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
37.
Cable RG, 1995. Hemoglobin determination in blood donors. Transfus Med Rev 9: 131–144.
-
38.
Daae L, Halvorsen S, Mathisen P, Mironska K, 1988. A comparison between haematological parameters in ‘capillary’and venous blood from healthy adults. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 48: 723–726.
-
39.
Magnusson E, Eriksson A, 2010. Technical Letter No 17: Blood Sampling – The HemoCue Way – HemoCue®Hemoglobin and WBC. Ängelholm, Sweden: Hemocue.
-
40.
Graves PM et al., 2013. Lymphatic filariasis in Papua New Guinea: distribution at district level and impact of mass drug administration, 1980 to 2011. Parasit Vectors 6: 7.
-
41.
Helmy H, Weil GJ, Ellethy AS, Ahmed ES, Setouhy ME, Ramzy RM, 2006. Bancroftian filariasis: effect of repeated treatment with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole on microfilaraemia, antigenaemia and antifilarial antibodies. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 100: 656–662.
-
42.
Namuganga AR, Chegou NN, Mayanja-Kizza H, 2021. Past and present approaches to diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 8: 709793.
-
43.
Jafari C, Olaru ID, Daduna F, Ernst M, Heyckendorf J, Lange C, Kalsdorf B, 2018. Rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis by combined molecular and immunological methods. Eur Respir J 51: 1702189.
-
44.
Sutanto I et al., 2018. Negligible impact of mass screening and treatment on mesoendemic malaria transmission at West Timor in Eastern Indonesia: a cluster-randomized trial. Clin Infect Dis 67: 1364–1372.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1922 | 767 | 256 |
| Full Text Views | 214 | 69 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 127 | 54 | 1 |