Mancuso JD, Diffenderfer JM, Ghassemieh BJ, Horne DJ, Kao TC, 2016. The prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in the United States. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 194: 501–509.
Kimberlin DW, Barnett ED, Lynfield R, Sawyer MH , 2021. Red Book: 2021–2024 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 32nd edition. Itasca, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics.
Fischer H et al., 2022. Development and validation of a prediction algorithm to identify birth in countries with high tuberculosis incidence in two large California health systems. PLoS One 17: e0273363.
Kim G, Molina US, Saadi A, 2019. Should immigration status information be included in a patient’s health record? AMA J Ethics 21: E8–E16.
Klinger EV, Carlini SV, Gonzalez I, St Hubert S, Linder JA, Rigotti NA, Kontos EZ, Park ER, Marinacci LX, Haas JS, 2015. Accuracy of race, ethnicity, and language preference in an electronic health record. J Gen Intern Med 30: 719–723.
Bonnewell JP, Farrow L, Dicks KV, Cox GM, Stout JE, 2020. Geographic analysis of latent tuberculosis screening: a health system approach. PLoS One 15: e0242055.
Myers WP, Westenhouse JL, Flood J, Riley LW, 2006. An ecological study of tuberculosis transmission in California. Am J Public Health 96: 685–690.
Campbell JI et al., 2023. Multicenter analysis of attrition from the pediatric TB infection care cascade in Boston. J Pediatr 253: 181–188.
Mollalo A, Mao L, Rashidi P, Glass GE, 2019. A GIS-based artificial neural network model for spatial distribution of tuberculosis across the continental United States. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16: 157.
Baker M, Das D, Venugopal K, Howden-Chapman P, 2008. Tuberculosis associated with household crowding in a developed country. J Epidemiol Community Health 62: 715–721.
Mirzazadeh A, Kahn JG, Haddad MB, Hill AN, Marks SM, Readhead A, Barry PM, Flood J, Mermin JH, Shete PB, 2021. State-level prevalence estimates of latent tuberculosis infection in the United States by medical risk factors, demographic characteristics and nativity. PLoS One 16: e0249012.
Haddad MB, Raz KM, Lash TL, Hill AN, Kammerer JS, Winston CA, Castro KG, Gandhi NR, Navin TR, 2018. Simple estimates for local prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection, United States, 2011–2015. Emerg Infect Dis 24: 1930–1933.
Flanagan BE, Hallisey EJ, Adams E, Lavery A, 2018. Measuring community vulnerability to natural and anthropogenic hazards: the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Social Vulnerability Index. J Environ Health 80: 34–36.
Vonnahme LA, Todd J, Puro J, Oakley J, Jones M, Rivera P, Langer AJ, Ayers T, 2020. 1651. Describing the tuberculosis infection cascade of care based on electronic health record data. Open Forum Infect Dis 7: S813–S814.
Dormann CF et al., 2013. Collinearity: a review of methods to deal with it and a simulation study evaluating their performance. Ecography 36: 27–46.
Rajaram A, Thomas D, Sallam F, Verma AA, Rawal S, 2020. Accuracy of the preferred language field in the electronic health records of two Canadian hospitals. Appl Clin Inform 11: 644–649.
Slutsker JS, Trieu L, Crossa A, Ahuja SD, 2018. Using reports of latent tuberculosis infection among young children to identify tuberculosis transmission in New York City, 2006–2012. Am J Epidemiol 187: 1303–1310.
Tsang CA, Langer AJ, Kammerer JS, Navin TR, 2020. US tuberculosis rates among persons born outside the United States compared with rates in their countries of birth, 2012–2016. Emerg Infect Dis 26: 533–540.
Kim S, Cohen T, Horsburgh CR, Miller JW, Hill AN, Marks SM, Li R, Kammerer JS, Salomon JA, Menzies NA, 2022. Trends, mechanisms, and racial/ethnic differences of tuberculosis incidence in the US-born population aged 50 years or older in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 74: 1594–1603.
Bakhsh Y, Readhead A, Flood J, Barry P, 2023. Association of area-based socioeconomic measures with tuberculosis incidence in California. J Immigr Minor Health 25: 643–652.
Olson NA, Davidow AL, Winston CA, Chen MP, Gazmararian JA, Katz DJ, 2012. A national study of socioeconomic status and tuberculosis rates by country of birth, United States, 1996–2005. BMC Public Health 12: 365.
Readhead A, Flood J, Barry P, 2022. Health insurance, healthcare utilization and language use among populations who experience risk for tuberculosis, California 2014–2017. PLoS One 17: e0268739.
Oren E, Koepsell T, Leroux BG, Mayer J, 2012. Area-based socio-economic disadvantage and tuberculosis incidence. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 16: 880–885.
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Area-based sociodemographic markers, such as census tract foreign-born population, have been used to identify individuals and communities with a high risk for tuberculosis (TB) infection in the United States. However, these markers have not been evaluated as independent risk factors for TB infection in children. We evaluated associations between census tract poverty, crowding, foreign-born population, and the CDC’s Social Vulnerability Index (CDC-SVI) ranking and TB infection in a population of children tested for TB infection in Boston, Massachusetts. After adjustment for age, crowding, and foreign-born percentage, increasing census tract poverty was associated with increased odds of TB infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] per 10% increase in population proportion living in poverty: 1.20 [95% CI, 1.04–1.40]; P = 0.01), although this association was attenuated after further adjustment for preferred language. In separate models, increasing CDC-SVI ranking was associated with increased odds of TB infection, including after adjustment for age and language preference (aOR per 10-point increase in CDC-SVI rank: 1.08 [95% CI, 1.02–1.15]; P = 0.01). Our findings suggest area-based sociodemographic factors may be valuable for characterizing TB infection risk and defining the social ecology of pediatric TB infection in low-burden settings.
Funding support: J. I. C. was supported by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality grant number T32 HS000063 as part of the Harvard-wide Pediatric Health Services Research Fellowship Program. J. E. H. was supported by K24MH114732.
Authors’ addresses: Jeffrey I. Campbell and Vishakha Sabharwal, Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, and Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA. E-mails: jeffrey.campbell@bmc.org and Vishakha.Sabharwal@bmc.org. Mary Tabatneck, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, E-mail: Mary.Tabatneck@childrens.harvard.edu. Grete E. Wilt, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, E-mail: gwilt@fas.harvard.edu. Mingwei Sun, Center for Research Information Technology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, E-mail: sunmingwei09@gmail.com. Wei He, Center for Research Information Science and Computing, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, E-mail: WHE3@mgh.harvard.edu. Nicholas Musinguzi, Global Health Collaborative, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda, E-mail: nmusinguzi@gmail.com. Bethany Hedt-Gauthier, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, E-mail: bethhedt@gmail.com. Gabriella S. Lamb, Don Goldmann, and Thomas J. Sandora, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, E-mails: gabriella.sophia.lamb@gmail.com, Don.Goldmann@childrens.harvard.edu, and Thomas.Sandora@childrens.harvard.edu. Jessica E. Haberer, Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, E-mail: jhaberer@partners.org.
Mancuso JD, Diffenderfer JM, Ghassemieh BJ, Horne DJ, Kao TC, 2016. The prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in the United States. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 194: 501–509.
Kimberlin DW, Barnett ED, Lynfield R, Sawyer MH , 2021. Red Book: 2021–2024 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 32nd edition. Itasca, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics.
Fischer H et al., 2022. Development and validation of a prediction algorithm to identify birth in countries with high tuberculosis incidence in two large California health systems. PLoS One 17: e0273363.
Kim G, Molina US, Saadi A, 2019. Should immigration status information be included in a patient’s health record? AMA J Ethics 21: E8–E16.
Klinger EV, Carlini SV, Gonzalez I, St Hubert S, Linder JA, Rigotti NA, Kontos EZ, Park ER, Marinacci LX, Haas JS, 2015. Accuracy of race, ethnicity, and language preference in an electronic health record. J Gen Intern Med 30: 719–723.
Bonnewell JP, Farrow L, Dicks KV, Cox GM, Stout JE, 2020. Geographic analysis of latent tuberculosis screening: a health system approach. PLoS One 15: e0242055.
Myers WP, Westenhouse JL, Flood J, Riley LW, 2006. An ecological study of tuberculosis transmission in California. Am J Public Health 96: 685–690.
Campbell JI et al., 2023. Multicenter analysis of attrition from the pediatric TB infection care cascade in Boston. J Pediatr 253: 181–188.
Mollalo A, Mao L, Rashidi P, Glass GE, 2019. A GIS-based artificial neural network model for spatial distribution of tuberculosis across the continental United States. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16: 157.
Baker M, Das D, Venugopal K, Howden-Chapman P, 2008. Tuberculosis associated with household crowding in a developed country. J Epidemiol Community Health 62: 715–721.
Mirzazadeh A, Kahn JG, Haddad MB, Hill AN, Marks SM, Readhead A, Barry PM, Flood J, Mermin JH, Shete PB, 2021. State-level prevalence estimates of latent tuberculosis infection in the United States by medical risk factors, demographic characteristics and nativity. PLoS One 16: e0249012.
Haddad MB, Raz KM, Lash TL, Hill AN, Kammerer JS, Winston CA, Castro KG, Gandhi NR, Navin TR, 2018. Simple estimates for local prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection, United States, 2011–2015. Emerg Infect Dis 24: 1930–1933.
Flanagan BE, Hallisey EJ, Adams E, Lavery A, 2018. Measuring community vulnerability to natural and anthropogenic hazards: the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Social Vulnerability Index. J Environ Health 80: 34–36.
Vonnahme LA, Todd J, Puro J, Oakley J, Jones M, Rivera P, Langer AJ, Ayers T, 2020. 1651. Describing the tuberculosis infection cascade of care based on electronic health record data. Open Forum Infect Dis 7: S813–S814.
Dormann CF et al., 2013. Collinearity: a review of methods to deal with it and a simulation study evaluating their performance. Ecography 36: 27–46.
Rajaram A, Thomas D, Sallam F, Verma AA, Rawal S, 2020. Accuracy of the preferred language field in the electronic health records of two Canadian hospitals. Appl Clin Inform 11: 644–649.
Slutsker JS, Trieu L, Crossa A, Ahuja SD, 2018. Using reports of latent tuberculosis infection among young children to identify tuberculosis transmission in New York City, 2006–2012. Am J Epidemiol 187: 1303–1310.
Tsang CA, Langer AJ, Kammerer JS, Navin TR, 2020. US tuberculosis rates among persons born outside the United States compared with rates in their countries of birth, 2012–2016. Emerg Infect Dis 26: 533–540.
Kim S, Cohen T, Horsburgh CR, Miller JW, Hill AN, Marks SM, Li R, Kammerer JS, Salomon JA, Menzies NA, 2022. Trends, mechanisms, and racial/ethnic differences of tuberculosis incidence in the US-born population aged 50 years or older in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 74: 1594–1603.
Bakhsh Y, Readhead A, Flood J, Barry P, 2023. Association of area-based socioeconomic measures with tuberculosis incidence in California. J Immigr Minor Health 25: 643–652.
Olson NA, Davidow AL, Winston CA, Chen MP, Gazmararian JA, Katz DJ, 2012. A national study of socioeconomic status and tuberculosis rates by country of birth, United States, 1996–2005. BMC Public Health 12: 365.
Readhead A, Flood J, Barry P, 2022. Health insurance, healthcare utilization and language use among populations who experience risk for tuberculosis, California 2014–2017. PLoS One 17: e0268739.
Oren E, Koepsell T, Leroux BG, Mayer J, 2012. Area-based socio-economic disadvantage and tuberculosis incidence. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 16: 880–885.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 2620 | 1065 | 43 |
Full Text Views | 265 | 137 | 17 |
PDF Downloads | 114 | 71 | 0 |