Rivera FP, Sotelo E, Morales I, Menacho F, Medina AM, Evaristo R, Valencia R, Carbajal L, Ruiz J, Ochoa TJ, 2012. Short communication: detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in healthy cattle and pigs in Lima, Peru. J Dairy Sci 95: 1166–1169.
Ylinen E et al., 2020. Hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli in children: incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcome. Pediatr Nephrol 35: 1749–1759.
Noris M, Remuzzi G, 2009. Atypical hemolytic–uremic syndrome. N Engl J Med 361: 1676–1687.
Hancock DD, Rice DH, Thomas LA, Dargatz DA, Besser TE, 1997. Epidemiology of Escherichia coli O157 in feedlot cattle. J Food Prot 60: 462–465.
Bell RG, 1997. Distribution and sources of microbial contamination on beef carcasses. J Appl Microbiol 82: 292–300.
Erickson MC, Liao J, Cannon JL, Ortega YR, 2015. Contamination of knives and graters by bacterial foodborne pathogens during slicing and grating of produce. Food Microbiol 52: 138–145.
Ameer MA, Wasey A, Salen P, 2022. Escherichia coli (E. coli 0157 H7). Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507845/. Accessed June 2, 2022.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 2020. BAM Chapter 4A: Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/bam-chapter-4a-diarrheagenic-escherichia-coli. Accessed June 10, 2022.
Mora A, León SL, Blanco M, Blanco JE, López C, Dahbi G, Echeita A, González EA, Blanco J, 2007. Phage types, virulence genes and PFGE profiles of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from raw beef, soft cheese and vegetables in Lima (Peru). Int J Food Microbiol 114: 204–210.
Rice DH, Sheng HQ, Wynia SA, Hovde CJ, 2003. Rectoanal mucosal swab culture is more sensitive than fecal culture and distinguishes Escherichia coli O157:H7-colonized cattle and those transiently shedding the same organism. J Clin Microbiol 41: 4924–4929.
Atnafie B, Paulos D, Abera M, Tefera G, Hailu D, Kasaye S, Amenu K, 2017. Occurrence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle feces and contamination of carcass and various contact surfaces in abattoir and butcher shops of Hawassa, Ethiopia. BMC Microbiol 17: 1–7.
Raj P, 1993. Pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of Escherichia coli-associated enteritis. Clin Microbiol Newsl 15: 89–93.
Sharma VK, Dean-Nystrom EA, Casey TA, 1999. Semi-automated fluorogenic PCR assays (TaqMan) for rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other Shiga toxigenic E. coli. Mol Cell Probes 13: 291–302.
Ibekwe AM, Watt PM, Grieve CM, Sharma VK, Lyons SR, 2002. Multiplex fluorogenic real-time PCR for detection and quantification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in dairy wastewater wetlands. Appl Environ Microbiol 68: 4853–4862.
Huapaya B, Huguet J, Suárez V, Torres de Yón Y, Montoya Y, Salazar E, Sakuray S, Tejada C, Gambirazio C, Gómez J, 2001. Primer aislamiento de Escherichia coli O157:H7 enterohemorrágica en el Perú. Rev Perú Med Exp Salud Publica 18: 38–39.
Llanos A, Lee J, López F, Contreras C, Barletta F, Chea-Woo E, Ugarte C, Cleary TG, Ochoa TJ, 2012. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in Peruvian children with bloody diarrhea. Pediatr Infect Dis J 31: 314–316.
Guerrero C, Guillén A, Rojas R, 2013. Vigilancia de Escherichia coli O157: H7 en alimentos y aguas. Cátedra Villarreal 1: 35–45.
Méndez CR, Vergaray G, Morante HY, Flores PR, Gamboa RA, 2013. Isolation and characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from ground beef cattle in Lima-Peru. Rev Peru Biol 20: 159–164.
Duffy G, Cummins E, Nally P, O’ Brien S, Butler F, 2006. A review of quantitative microbial risk assessment in the management of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on beef. Meat Sci 74: 76–88.
Destoumieux-Garzón D et al., 2018. The one health concept: 10 years old and a long road ahead. Front Vet Sci 5: 1–13.
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Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 is a food and waterborne pathogen with severe public health implications. We report the first-time isolation of this pathogen in the Central Highlands of Peru through standardized culture procedures and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Escherichia coli strains were cultured from rectal-anal swabs from dairy calves and beef from food markets. The latex agglutination test was used to detect O157 and H7 antigens, and multiplex real-time PCR was carried out to detect virulence-related genes. The STEC O157:H7 strains were isolated from 3.5% (1/28) of beef samples and from 6.0% (3/50) of dairy calves that also carried both eaeA and stx1 genes. Therefore, this pathogen is a potential cause of food/waterborne disease in the region, and its surveillance in both livestock and their products should be improved to characterize the impact of its zoonotic transmission. From 2010 to 2020, E. coli was suspected in 10 outbreaks reported to the Peruvian Ministry of Health. Isolates from future outbreaks should be characterized to assess the burden posed by STEC O157:H7 in Peru.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Financial support: E. G.-G., J. G., and A. G. are funded by
Authors’ addresses: Brenda L. Gonzales, Daniel A. Andrade, Cesar A. Valdivia, and Eloy Gonzales-Gustavson, Department of Animal and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru, and Tropical and Highlands Veterinary Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Jauja, Peru, E-mails: brenda.gonzales@unmsm.edu.pe, daniel.andrade@unmsm.edu.pe, cesar.valdivia@unmsm.edu.pe, egonzalesg@unmsm.edu.pe. Ana C. Ho-Palma, Department of Human Medicine, School of Human Medicine, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Huancayo, Peru, E-mail: ahopalma@uncp.edu.pe. Astrid Munguia and Armando Gonzalez, Department of Animal and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru, E-mails: e_2014200530h@uncp.edu.pe and agonzalezz@unmsm.edu.pe. Dora Yucra and Max Escobedo, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de ApurÃmac, Abancay, Peru, E-mails: dyucra@unamba.edu.pe and mescobedo@unamba.edu.pe. Matteo Crotta, Georgina Limon, and Javier Guitian, Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom, E-mails: mcrotta4@rvc.ac.uk, georgina.limon-vega@pirbright.ac.uk, and jguitian@rvc.ac.uk.
Rivera FP, Sotelo E, Morales I, Menacho F, Medina AM, Evaristo R, Valencia R, Carbajal L, Ruiz J, Ochoa TJ, 2012. Short communication: detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in healthy cattle and pigs in Lima, Peru. J Dairy Sci 95: 1166–1169.
Ylinen E et al., 2020. Hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli in children: incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcome. Pediatr Nephrol 35: 1749–1759.
Noris M, Remuzzi G, 2009. Atypical hemolytic–uremic syndrome. N Engl J Med 361: 1676–1687.
Hancock DD, Rice DH, Thomas LA, Dargatz DA, Besser TE, 1997. Epidemiology of Escherichia coli O157 in feedlot cattle. J Food Prot 60: 462–465.
Bell RG, 1997. Distribution and sources of microbial contamination on beef carcasses. J Appl Microbiol 82: 292–300.
Erickson MC, Liao J, Cannon JL, Ortega YR, 2015. Contamination of knives and graters by bacterial foodborne pathogens during slicing and grating of produce. Food Microbiol 52: 138–145.
Ameer MA, Wasey A, Salen P, 2022. Escherichia coli (E. coli 0157 H7). Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507845/. Accessed June 2, 2022.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 2020. BAM Chapter 4A: Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/bam-chapter-4a-diarrheagenic-escherichia-coli. Accessed June 10, 2022.
Mora A, León SL, Blanco M, Blanco JE, López C, Dahbi G, Echeita A, González EA, Blanco J, 2007. Phage types, virulence genes and PFGE profiles of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from raw beef, soft cheese and vegetables in Lima (Peru). Int J Food Microbiol 114: 204–210.
Rice DH, Sheng HQ, Wynia SA, Hovde CJ, 2003. Rectoanal mucosal swab culture is more sensitive than fecal culture and distinguishes Escherichia coli O157:H7-colonized cattle and those transiently shedding the same organism. J Clin Microbiol 41: 4924–4929.
Atnafie B, Paulos D, Abera M, Tefera G, Hailu D, Kasaye S, Amenu K, 2017. Occurrence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle feces and contamination of carcass and various contact surfaces in abattoir and butcher shops of Hawassa, Ethiopia. BMC Microbiol 17: 1–7.
Raj P, 1993. Pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of Escherichia coli-associated enteritis. Clin Microbiol Newsl 15: 89–93.
Sharma VK, Dean-Nystrom EA, Casey TA, 1999. Semi-automated fluorogenic PCR assays (TaqMan) for rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other Shiga toxigenic E. coli. Mol Cell Probes 13: 291–302.
Ibekwe AM, Watt PM, Grieve CM, Sharma VK, Lyons SR, 2002. Multiplex fluorogenic real-time PCR for detection and quantification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in dairy wastewater wetlands. Appl Environ Microbiol 68: 4853–4862.
Huapaya B, Huguet J, Suárez V, Torres de Yón Y, Montoya Y, Salazar E, Sakuray S, Tejada C, Gambirazio C, Gómez J, 2001. Primer aislamiento de Escherichia coli O157:H7 enterohemorrágica en el Perú. Rev Perú Med Exp Salud Publica 18: 38–39.
Llanos A, Lee J, López F, Contreras C, Barletta F, Chea-Woo E, Ugarte C, Cleary TG, Ochoa TJ, 2012. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in Peruvian children with bloody diarrhea. Pediatr Infect Dis J 31: 314–316.
Guerrero C, Guillén A, Rojas R, 2013. Vigilancia de Escherichia coli O157: H7 en alimentos y aguas. Cátedra Villarreal 1: 35–45.
Méndez CR, Vergaray G, Morante HY, Flores PR, Gamboa RA, 2013. Isolation and characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from ground beef cattle in Lima-Peru. Rev Peru Biol 20: 159–164.
Duffy G, Cummins E, Nally P, O’ Brien S, Butler F, 2006. A review of quantitative microbial risk assessment in the management of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on beef. Meat Sci 74: 76–88.
Destoumieux-Garzón D et al., 2018. The one health concept: 10 years old and a long road ahead. Front Vet Sci 5: 1–13.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 2470 | 1476 | 113 |
Full Text Views | 476 | 38 | 4 |
PDF Downloads | 113 | 42 | 4 |