Naafs B, van Hees CL, 2016. Leprosy type 1 reaction (formerly reversal reaction). Clin Dermatol 34: 37ā50.
Walker S, Lockwood D, 2008. Leprosy type 1 (reversal) reactions and their management. Lepr Rev 1: 372ā386.
Lockwood DN, Saunderson P, 2012. Nerve damage in leprosy: a continuing challenge for scientists, clinicians and service providers. Int Health 4: 77ā85.
Scollard DM, Adams LB, Gillis TP, Krahenbuhl JL, Truman RW, Williams DL, 2006. The continuing challenges of leprosy. Clin Microbiol Rev 19: 338ā381.
Nery JA, Bernardes Filho F, Quintanilha J, Machado AM, Oliveira SdS, Sales AM, 2013. Understanding the type 1 reactional state for early diagnosis and treatment: a way to avoid disability in leprosy. An Bras Dermatol 88: 787ā792.
Agrawal A, Pandit L, Dalal M, Shetty JP, 2005. Neurological manifestations of Hansenās disease and their management. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 107: 445ā454.
Gopinath DV, Thappa DM, Jaishankar TJ, 2004. A clinical study of the involvement of cranial nerves in leprosy. Indian J Lepr 76: 1ā9.
Canleblebici M, Yildirim H, Balbaba M, Aydemir O, 2022. A rare cause of acquired esotropia: leprosy. Indian J Ophthalmol 70: 2752ā2754.
Subbarao NT, Jaiswal AK, 2011. A case of leprosy with multiple cranial neuropathy mimicking Melkerson Rosenthal syndrome. Indian J Lepr 83: 101ā102.
Kumar S, Alexander M, Gnanamuthu C, 2006. Cranial nerve involvement in patients with leprous neuropathy. Neurol India 54: 283ā285.
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Type 1 leprosy reactions (T1LRs) occur mainly in patients with borderline leprosy and an unstable immune status. The main symptoms of T1LRs include aggravated skin lesions and nerve damage. Nerve damage involving the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves causes dysfunction of the nose, pharynx, larynx, and even the esophagus, which are innervated by these nerves. Here, we report a case of upper thoracic esophageal paralysis caused by vagus nerve involvement in a patient with T1LRs. Although infrequent, this serious emergency merits attention.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Financial support: This work was supported by the
Authorsā addresses: Jianyu Zhu, Chao Shi, Huaibo Zhao, Zhichun Jing, and Degang Yang, Department of Leprosy, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Peopleās Republic of China, E-mails: 35476451@qq.com, sc_mac@163.com, 1025849046@qq.com, 743835016@qq.com, and ydg007@gmail.com. Rongli He, Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth Peopleās Hospital, Shanghai, Peopleās Republic of China, E-mail: 155284114@qq.com.
Naafs B, van Hees CL, 2016. Leprosy type 1 reaction (formerly reversal reaction). Clin Dermatol 34: 37ā50.
Walker S, Lockwood D, 2008. Leprosy type 1 (reversal) reactions and their management. Lepr Rev 1: 372ā386.
Lockwood DN, Saunderson P, 2012. Nerve damage in leprosy: a continuing challenge for scientists, clinicians and service providers. Int Health 4: 77ā85.
Scollard DM, Adams LB, Gillis TP, Krahenbuhl JL, Truman RW, Williams DL, 2006. The continuing challenges of leprosy. Clin Microbiol Rev 19: 338ā381.
Nery JA, Bernardes Filho F, Quintanilha J, Machado AM, Oliveira SdS, Sales AM, 2013. Understanding the type 1 reactional state for early diagnosis and treatment: a way to avoid disability in leprosy. An Bras Dermatol 88: 787ā792.
Agrawal A, Pandit L, Dalal M, Shetty JP, 2005. Neurological manifestations of Hansenās disease and their management. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 107: 445ā454.
Gopinath DV, Thappa DM, Jaishankar TJ, 2004. A clinical study of the involvement of cranial nerves in leprosy. Indian J Lepr 76: 1ā9.
Canleblebici M, Yildirim H, Balbaba M, Aydemir O, 2022. A rare cause of acquired esotropia: leprosy. Indian J Ophthalmol 70: 2752ā2754.
Subbarao NT, Jaiswal AK, 2011. A case of leprosy with multiple cranial neuropathy mimicking Melkerson Rosenthal syndrome. Indian J Lepr 83: 101ā102.
Kumar S, Alexander M, Gnanamuthu C, 2006. Cranial nerve involvement in patients with leprous neuropathy. Neurol India 54: 283ā285.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 733 | 733 | 79 |
Full Text Views | 16 | 16 | 3 |
PDF Downloads | 24 | 24 | 4 |