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| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 2064 | 1445 | 26 |
| Full Text Views | 317 | 53 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 112 | 34 | 16 |
Vaccine Refusal: A Major, Underestimated Obstacle for the Poliomyelitis Eradication Initiative
Bernard Seytre
Bernard Seytre
bnscommunication, Lomé, Togo
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ABSTRACT.
In 1988, the WHO launched the Global Poliomyelitis Eradication Initiative with the goal of eradication by 2000. Not only has this goal, which has been repeatedly postponed, still not been achieved, but while the wild polio virus is still endemic in two Asian countries, a new epidemic caused by a vaccine-derived virus is spreading and is now affecting numerous developing and industrialized countries, including the United Kingdom and the United States. In addition to biological explanations for the failure of eradication, vaccination refusal by communities in mainly two regions of Africa and Asia has prevented mass vaccination campaigns from achieving their immunization coverage targets. The way these campaigns have been deployed has contributed to mistrust and hostility. The negative reactions of some communities, expressed from the first vaccination campaigns, were belatedly considered, which gave time for rumors to flourish and settle permanently. This failure underscores the importance of taking into account, before any vaccination campaign begins, the “health culture” of target populations—meaning their representations of the vaccines and the health authorities that promote vaccination, as well as their knowledge, fears, and hopes.
Author Notes
Author’s address: Bernard Seytre, bnscommunication, Lomé, Togo, E-mail: seytre@bnscom.fr.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
O’Leary A , 2022. Overcoming challenges en route to polio eradication. Lancet 400: 1191.
-
2.
Chumakov K , Ehrenfeld E , Agol VI , Wimmer E , 2021. Polio eradication at the crossroads. Lancet Glob Health 9: e1172–e1175.
-
3.
Aylward BR , Sutter RW , Cochi SL , Thompson KM , Jafari H , Heymann D , 2006. Risk management in a polio-free world. Risk Anal 26: 1441–1448.
-
4.
World Health Organization , 2021. Number of Deaths among Children Under-Five. Available at: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/number-of-under-five-deaths. Accessed October 19, 2022.
-
5.
Jegede AS , 2007. What led to the Nigerian boycott of the polio vaccination campaign? PLoS Med 4: e73.
-
6.
Renne E , 2006. Perspectives on polio and immunization in northern Nigeria. Soc Sci Med 63: 1857–1869.
-
7.
UNICEF , 2013. Polio Communications Quarterly Update: Trust. Available at: https://phkh.nhsrc.pk/knowledge-article/polio-communications-quarterly-update-unicef-2013pdf. Accessed May 2, 2023.
-
8.
Deressa W , Kayembe P , Neel AH , Mafuta E , Seme A , Alonge O , 2020. Lessons learned from the polio eradication initiative in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Ethiopia: analysis of implementation barriers and strategies. BMC Public Health 20 (Suppl 4): 1807. Available at: https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-020-09879-9. Accessed May 2, 2023.
-
9.
News24.com , 2004. Vaccine Boycott Spreads Polio. Available at: https://www.news24.com/News24/Vaccine-boycott-spreads-polio-20040211 Accessed October 19, 2022.
-
10.
Seytre B , Shaffer M , 2005. The Death of a Disease: A History of the Eradication of Poliomyelitis. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
-
11.
India Expert Advisory Group for Polio Eradication , 2005. Conclusions and Recommendations. Thirteenth Meeting of the India Expert Advisory Group for Polio Eradication, May 3–4, 2005. Available at: http://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/IEAG_Report.pdf. Accessed May 2, 2023.
-
12.
Ittefaq M et al., 2021. Does Pakistan still have polio cases?: Exploring discussions on polio and polio vaccine in online news comments in Pakistan. Vaccine 39: 480–486.
-
13.
Global Polio Eradication Initiative Wild Poliovirus List. Available at: https://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-now/wild-poliovirus-list/. Accessed October 19, 2022.
-
14.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , 2023. What Is Polio? Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/polio/what-is-polio/index.htm#:∼:text=Most%20people%20who%20get%20infected,Fever. Accessed October 30, 2022.
-
15.
World Health Organization , 2022. GPEI Statement on Mozambique WPV1 Detection. Available at: https://polioeradication.org/news-post/gpei-statement-on-mozambique-wpv1-detection/. Accessed May 2, 2023.
-
16.
SteelFisher GK et al., 2015. Threats to polio eradication in high-conflict areas in Pakistan and Nigeria: a polling study of caregivers of children younger than 5 years. Lancet Infect Dis 15: 1183–1192.
-
17.
Nkowane BU , Wassilak SG , Orenstein WA , 1987. Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in the United States: 1973 through 1984. JAMA 257: 1335–1340.
-
18.
World Health Organization , 2022. Global Circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus (cVDPV). Available at: http://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/weekly-polio-analyses-cVDPV-20221011.pdf. Accessed October 30, 2022.
-
19.
Global Polio Eradication Initiative , 2023. Circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus. Available at: https://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-now/this-week/circulating-vaccine-derived-poliovirus/. Accessed October 11, 2022.
-
20.
World Health Organization , 2016. Global Polio Eradication Initiative: Eradication within Reach, Annual Report 2016. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/WHO-POLIO-17.03. Accessed May 2, 2023.
-
21.
Grassly NC et al., 2006. New strategies for the elimination of polio from India. Science 314: 1150–1153.
-
22.
Minor P , 2004. Polio eradication, cessation of vaccination and re-emergence of disease. Nat Rev Microbiol 2: 473–482.
-
23.
Cooper LV et al., 2022. Risk factors for the spread of vaccine-derived type 2 polioviruses after global withdrawal of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine and the effects of outbreak responses with monovalent vaccine: a retrospective analysis of surveillance data for 51 countries in Africa. Lancet Infect Dis 22: 284–294. Erratum in: Lancet Infect Dis 2022;22(2):e41.
-
24.
Lai YA , Chen X , Kunasekaran M , Rahman B , MacIntyre CR , 2022. Global epidemiology of vaccine-derived poliovirus 2016–2021: a descriptive analysis and retrospective case-control study. EClinicalMedicine 25: 101508.
-
25.
Larson HJ , Heymann DL , 2010. Public health response to influenza A(H1N1) as an opportunity to build public trust. JAMA 303: 272.
-
26.
Renne EP , 1996. Perceptions of population policy, development, and family planning programs in northern Nigeria. Stud Fam Plann 27: 127–136.
-
27.
World Health Organization , 1999. Fourth Meeting of the Global Technical Consultative Group for Poliomyelitis Eradication, June 1–2, 1999. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
28.
World Health Organization , 2002. Communication for Polio Eradication and Routine Immunization. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
29.
The Polio Network , 2013. Working with Religious Leaders to Enhance Community Ownership. Available at: https://iple.unicef.in/files/ckuploads/files/Polio%20eradication%20in%20UP%20-%20Religious%20Leaders.pdf. Accessed May 2, 2023.
-
30.
UNICEF , 2011. Polio Communications Quarterly Update. Available at: https://www.comminit.com/infancia/content/polio-communications-quarterly-update-june-2011. Accessed May 3, 2023.
-
31.
Polio Global Eradication Initiative (GPEI) News, August 2014. Available at: https://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/PN201409_EN.pdf. Accessed May 2, 2023.
-
32.
Abbasi FH et al., 2023. Vaccine hesitancy and perceptions of the community about polio in high-risk areas of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Vaccines (Basel) 11: 70.
-
33.
Sørensen K et al., 2012. Health literacy and public health: a systematic review and integration of definitions and models. BMC Public Health 12: 80.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 2064 | 1445 | 26 |
| Full Text Views | 317 | 53 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 112 | 34 | 16 |