Author:
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-
1.
Alemu Belachew W , Naafs B , 2019. Position statement: leprosy: diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 33: 1205–1213.
-
2.
White C , Franco-Paredes C , 2015. Leprosy in the 21st century. Clin Microbiol Rev 28: 80–94.
-
3.
Feasey N , Wansbrough-Jones M , Mabey DC , Solomon AW , 2010. Neglected tropical diseases. Br Med Bull 93: 179–200.
-
4.
Lepra , 2022. www.who.int. Available at: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/leprosy. Accessed September 20, 2022.
-
5.
OPS/OMS/Colombia Día mundial de la lucha contra la lepra. Available at: https://www3.paho.org/col/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2121:dia-mundial-de-la-lucha-contra-la-lepra&Itemid=562. Accessed September 10, 2014.
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6.
Informe de evento , 2022. Lepra. Sivigila periodo epidemiológico II. Colombia: Instituto Nacional de Salud: Bogotá, Colombia. Available at: https://www.ins.gov.co/buscador-eventos/Informesdeevento/LEPRA%20PE%20XIII-2021.pdf. Accessed March 15, 2023.
-
7.
Benard G , Sakai-Valente NY , Bianconcini Trindade MA , 2009. Concomitant Lucio phenomenon and erythema nodosum in a leprosy patient: clues for their distinct pathogeneses. Am J Dermatopathol 31: 288–292.
-
8.
Sharma P , Kumar A , Tuknayat A , Thami GP , Kundu R , 2019. Lucio phenomenon: a rare presentation of Hansen’s disease. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 12: 35–38.
-
9.
Kamath S , Vaccaro SA , Rea TH , Ochoa MT , 2014. Recognizing and managing the immunologic reactions in leprosy. J Am Acad Dermatol 71: 795–803.
-
10.
Fonseca AB , Simon MD , Cazzaniga RA , de Moura TR , de Almeida RP , Duthie MS , Reed SG , de Jesus AR , 2017. The influence of innate and adaptative immune responses on the differential clinical outcomes of leprosy. Infect Dis Poverty 6: 5.
-
11.
Gonçalves FG , Belone AFF , Rosa PS , Laporta GZ , 2019. Underlying mechanisms of leprosy recurrence in the Western Amazon: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 19: 460.
-
12.
Kaimal S , Thappa DM , 2009. Relapse in leprosy. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 75: 126–135.
-
13.
Bhat RM , Vaidya TP , 2020. What is new in the pathogenesis and management of erythema nodosum leprosum. Indian Dermatol Online J 11: 482–492.
-
14.
Fonseca AB , Simon MD , Cazzaniga RA , de Moura TR , de Almeida RP , Duthie MS , Reed SG , de Jesus AR , 2017. The influence of innate and adaptative immune responses on the differential clinical outcomes of leprosy. Infect Dis Poverty 6: 5.
-
15.
Serrano-Coll H , Salazar-Peláez L , Acevedo-Saenz L , Cardona-Castro N , 2018. Mycobacterium leprae-induced nerve damage: direct and indirect mechanisms. Pathog Dis 76, doi: 10.1093/femspd/fty062.
-
16.
Wankhade VH , Debnath P , Singh RP , Sawatkar G , Bhat DM , 2019. A retrospective study of the severe and uncommon variants of erythema nodosum leprosum at a tertiary health center in central India. Int J Mycobacteriol 8: 29–34.
-
17.
Botero-Jaramillo N , Padilla-Pinzón LT , Beltrán-Serrano MA , Ossa-Trujillo RH , 2017. Tratamiento de la enfermedad de Hansen en Colombia: medicalización y control de la enfermedad a lo largo del siglo XX. Rev Fac Nac Salud Publica 35: 358–368.
-
18.
World Health Organization , 1982. Chemotherapy of Leprosy for Control Programs: Report of a WHO Study Group World Health Organization Technical Report Series, No 675. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
19.
Rodríguez G , Pinto R , Laverde C , Sarmiento M , Riveros A , Valderrama J , Ordóñez N , 2004. Recidivas postratamiento de la lepra multibacilar. Biomédica 24: 133–139.
-
20.
Ramu G , 1995. Clinical features and diagnosis of relapses in leprosy. Indian J Lepr 67: 45–59.
-
21.
World Health Organization , 2018. Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of leprosy. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
22.
Alakad R , Nofal A , Assaf M , 2021. Atypical presentations of erythema nodosum leprosum: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 19: 1133–1143.
-
23.
Cardona-Castro N , Escobar-Builes M , Serrano-Coll H , Adams LB , Lahiri R , 2022. Mycobacterium lepromatosis as Cause of Leprosy, Colombia. Emerg Infect Dis 28: 1067–1068.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 1383 | 1383 | 91 |
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| PDF Downloads | 49 | 49 | 9 |
Case Report: Necrotizing Erythema Nodosum as a Manifestation of Lepromatous Leprosy Relapse 50 Years after the Initial Infection
Juan Galeano
Juan Galeano
University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany;
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Alejandra Contreras
Alejandra Contreras
Rosario University, Bogotá, Colombia;
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Lorena Pabón
Lorena Pabón
Rosario University, Bogotá, Colombia;
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Ana C. Ruiz
Ana C. Ruiz
CES University, Medellín, Colombia;
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Héctor Serrano-Coll
Héctor Serrano-Coll
Colombian Institute of Tropical Medicine ICMT-CES, Apartadó, Colombia
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Margarita Arboleda
Margarita Arboleda
Colombian Institute of Tropical Medicine ICMT-CES, Apartadó, Colombia
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ABSTRACT.
Leprosy is a chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis that preferentially compromises peripheral nerve, skin, and mucous membranes. Colombia achieved the goal of leprosy elimination in 1997. However, in Urabá (Colombia), there has been an increase in leprosy cases beginning in 2020. This case report shows a leprosy relapse 5 decades after the initial infection debuted as a necrotizing erythema nodosum leprosum. Therefore, long-term follow-up of patients with risk factors for relapse is emphasized, especially those treated before the standard of multidrug therapy (dapsone, clofazimine, and rifampin). This case report stresses the importance the importance of clinical follow-up and surveillance of patients with these events of interest for the public health.
Author Notes
Data availability: The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation, to any qualified researcher.
Authors’ addresses: Juan Galeano, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany, E-mail: juank996@gmail.com. Alejandra Contreras and Lorena Pabón, Rosario University, Bogotá, Colombia, E-mails: alma_c8@hotmail.com and lore-110@hotmail.com. Ana C. Ruiz, CES University, Medellín, Colombia, E-mail: acruiz@ces.edu.co. Héctor Serrano-Coll and Margarita Arboleda, Colombian Institute of Tropical Medicine ICMT-CES, Apartadó, Colombia, E-mails: hserrano@ces.edu.co and marboleda@ces.edu.co.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Alemu Belachew W , Naafs B , 2019. Position statement: leprosy: diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 33: 1205–1213.
-
2.
White C , Franco-Paredes C , 2015. Leprosy in the 21st century. Clin Microbiol Rev 28: 80–94.
-
3.
Feasey N , Wansbrough-Jones M , Mabey DC , Solomon AW , 2010. Neglected tropical diseases. Br Med Bull 93: 179–200.
-
4.
Lepra , 2022. www.who.int. Available at: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/leprosy. Accessed September 20, 2022.
-
5.
OPS/OMS/Colombia Día mundial de la lucha contra la lepra. Available at: https://www3.paho.org/col/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2121:dia-mundial-de-la-lucha-contra-la-lepra&Itemid=562. Accessed September 10, 2014.
-
6.
Informe de evento , 2022. Lepra. Sivigila periodo epidemiológico II. Colombia: Instituto Nacional de Salud: Bogotá, Colombia. Available at: https://www.ins.gov.co/buscador-eventos/Informesdeevento/LEPRA%20PE%20XIII-2021.pdf. Accessed March 15, 2023.
-
7.
Benard G , Sakai-Valente NY , Bianconcini Trindade MA , 2009. Concomitant Lucio phenomenon and erythema nodosum in a leprosy patient: clues for their distinct pathogeneses. Am J Dermatopathol 31: 288–292.
-
8.
Sharma P , Kumar A , Tuknayat A , Thami GP , Kundu R , 2019. Lucio phenomenon: a rare presentation of Hansen’s disease. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 12: 35–38.
-
9.
Kamath S , Vaccaro SA , Rea TH , Ochoa MT , 2014. Recognizing and managing the immunologic reactions in leprosy. J Am Acad Dermatol 71: 795–803.
-
10.
Fonseca AB , Simon MD , Cazzaniga RA , de Moura TR , de Almeida RP , Duthie MS , Reed SG , de Jesus AR , 2017. The influence of innate and adaptative immune responses on the differential clinical outcomes of leprosy. Infect Dis Poverty 6: 5.
-
11.
Gonçalves FG , Belone AFF , Rosa PS , Laporta GZ , 2019. Underlying mechanisms of leprosy recurrence in the Western Amazon: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 19: 460.
-
12.
Kaimal S , Thappa DM , 2009. Relapse in leprosy. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 75: 126–135.
-
13.
Bhat RM , Vaidya TP , 2020. What is new in the pathogenesis and management of erythema nodosum leprosum. Indian Dermatol Online J 11: 482–492.
-
14.
Fonseca AB , Simon MD , Cazzaniga RA , de Moura TR , de Almeida RP , Duthie MS , Reed SG , de Jesus AR , 2017. The influence of innate and adaptative immune responses on the differential clinical outcomes of leprosy. Infect Dis Poverty 6: 5.
-
15.
Serrano-Coll H , Salazar-Peláez L , Acevedo-Saenz L , Cardona-Castro N , 2018. Mycobacterium leprae-induced nerve damage: direct and indirect mechanisms. Pathog Dis 76, doi: 10.1093/femspd/fty062.
-
16.
Wankhade VH , Debnath P , Singh RP , Sawatkar G , Bhat DM , 2019. A retrospective study of the severe and uncommon variants of erythema nodosum leprosum at a tertiary health center in central India. Int J Mycobacteriol 8: 29–34.
-
17.
Botero-Jaramillo N , Padilla-Pinzón LT , Beltrán-Serrano MA , Ossa-Trujillo RH , 2017. Tratamiento de la enfermedad de Hansen en Colombia: medicalización y control de la enfermedad a lo largo del siglo XX. Rev Fac Nac Salud Publica 35: 358–368.
-
18.
World Health Organization , 1982. Chemotherapy of Leprosy for Control Programs: Report of a WHO Study Group World Health Organization Technical Report Series, No 675. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
19.
Rodríguez G , Pinto R , Laverde C , Sarmiento M , Riveros A , Valderrama J , Ordóñez N , 2004. Recidivas postratamiento de la lepra multibacilar. Biomédica 24: 133–139.
-
20.
Ramu G , 1995. Clinical features and diagnosis of relapses in leprosy. Indian J Lepr 67: 45–59.
-
21.
World Health Organization , 2018. Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of leprosy. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
22.
Alakad R , Nofal A , Assaf M , 2021. Atypical presentations of erythema nodosum leprosum: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 19: 1133–1143.
-
23.
Cardona-Castro N , Escobar-Builes M , Serrano-Coll H , Adams LB , Lahiri R , 2022. Mycobacterium lepromatosis as Cause of Leprosy, Colombia. Emerg Infect Dis 28: 1067–1068.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1383 | 1383 | 91 |
| Full Text Views | 33 | 33 | 5 |
| PDF Downloads | 49 | 49 | 9 |