Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
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1.
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-
2.
Wen H , Vuitton L , Tuxun T , Li J , Vuitton DA , Zhang W , McManus DP , 2019. Echinococcosis: advances in the 21st century. Clin Microbiol Rev 32: 1–39.
-
3.
Solomon N , Kachani M , Zeyhle E , Macpherson CNL , 2017. The natural history of cystic echinococcosis in untreated and albendazole-treated patients. Acta Trop 171: 52–57.
-
4.
WHO Informal Working Group , 2003. International classification of ultrasound images in cystic echinococcosis for application in clinical and field epidemiological settings. Acta Trop 85: 253–261.
-
5.
Brunetti E , Garcia HH , Junghanss T , 2011. Cystic echinococcosis: chronic, complex, and still neglected. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: 3–7.
-
6.
Budke CM , Deplazes P , Torgerson PR , 2006. Global socioeconomic impact of cystic echinococcosis. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 296–303.
-
7.
Craig PS , Budke CM , Schantz PM , Li T , Qiu J , Yang Y , Zeyhle E , Rogan MT , Ito A , 2007. Human echinococcosis: a neglected disease? Trop Med Health 35: 283–292.
-
8.
WHO , 2020. Ending the Neglect to Attain the Sustainable Development Goals: A Road Map for Neglected Tropical Diseases 2021–2030. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Available at: https://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/revised-draftntd-roadmap-23apr2020.pdf. Accessed April 15, 2021.
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9.
Torgerson PR , 2013. The emergence of echinococcosis in central Asia. Parasitology 140: 1667–1673.
-
10.
Hong S-T , Jin Y , Anvarov K , Khadjibaev A , Hong S , Ahmedov Y , Otaboev U , 2013. Infection status of hydatid cysts in humans and sheep in Uzbekistan. Korean J Parasitol 51: 383–385.
-
11.
Torgerson PR , Oguljahan B , Muminov AE , Karaeva RR , Kuttubaev OT , Aminjanov M , Shaikenov B , 2006. Present situation of cystic echinococcosis in Central Asia. Parasitol Int 55 (Suppl): S207–S212.
-
12.
Chebli H et al., 2017. Human cystic echinococcosis in Morocco: ultrasound screening in the Mid Atlas through an Italian-Moroccan partnership. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11: e0005384.
-
13.
Tamarozzi F et al., 2018. Prevalence of abdominal cystic echinococcosis in rural Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey: a cross-sectional, ultrasound-based, population study from the HERACLES project. Lancet Infect Dis 18: 769–778.
-
14.
WHO , 2020. Ending the Neglect to Attain the Sustainable Development Goals – A Road Map for Neglected Tropical Diseases 2021–2030. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
15.
Statistics Agency under the Preident of the Republic of Ubekistan, 2022. Open Data: Demography. Available at: https://stat.uz/en/official-statistics/demography. Accessed October 20, 2022.
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16.
Torgerson PR , Rosenheim K , Tanner I , Ziadinov I , Grimm F , Brunner M , Shaiken S , Rysmukhambetova A , Deplazes P , 2009. Echinococcosis, toxocarosis and toxoplasmosis screening in a rural community in eastern Kazakhstan. Trop Med Int Health 14: 341–348.
-
17.
Brunetti E , Kern P , Vuitton DA , 2010. Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. Acta Trop 114: 1–16.
-
18.
WHO Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis , 2017. Meeting of the WHO Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis (WHO-IWGE), December 15–16, 2016, Geneva, Switzerland.
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19.
Rinaldi F , Brunetti E , Neumayr A , Maestri M , Goblirsch S , Tamarozzi F , 2014. Cystic echinococcosis of the liver: a primer for hepatologists. World J Hepatol 6: 293–305.
-
20.
Grisolia A , Troìa G , Mariani G , Brunetti E , Filice C , 2009. A simple sonographic scoring system combined with routine serology is useful in differentiating parasitic from non-parasitic cysts of the liver. J Ultrasound 12: 75–79.
-
21.
Vola A , Manciulli T , De Silvestri A , Lissandrin R , Mariconti M , Siles-Lucas M , Brunetti E , Tamarozzi F , 2019. Diagnostic performances of commercial ELISA, indirect hemagglutination, and Western blot in differentiation of hepatic echinococcal and non-echinococcal lesions: a retrospective analysis of data from a single referral centre. Am J Trop Med Hyg 101: 1345–1349.
-
22.
Yusupov Y, Lerman Z, Chertovitskiy A, Akbarov O, 2010. Livestock Production in Uzbekistan: Current State, Challenges and Prospects. New York, United States of America: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Available at: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11766/67492. Accessed October 10, 2022.
-
23.
Statistics Agency under the Preident of the Republic of Ubekistan, 2022. Open Data: Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing. Available at: https://stat.uz/en/official-statistics/agriculture. Accessed October 10, 2022.
-
24.
Torgerson PR , Shaikenov BS , Rysmukhambetova AT , Ussenbayev AE , Abdybekova AM , Burtisurnov KK , 2003. Modelling the transmission dynamics of Echinococcus granulosus in dogs in rural Kazakhstan. Parasitology 126: 417–424.
-
25.
Mustapayeva A et al., 2022. Ultrasound-based evaluation of the prevalence of abdominal cystic echinococcosis in the Turkestan region of Kazakhstan. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 116: 222–226.
-
26.
Paternoster G et al., 2020. Epidemic cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in Kyrgyzstan: an analysis of national surveillance data. Lancet Glob Health 8: e603–e611.
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27.
Colpani A et al., 2021. Trends in the surgical incidence of cystic echinococcosis in Uzbekistan from 2011 to 2018. Am J Trop Med Hyg 106: 724–728.
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28.
Mustapayeva AA et al., 2019. Incidence rates of surgically managed cystic echinococcosis in Kazakhstan, 2007–2016. Am J Trop Med Hyg 102: 90–99.
-
29.
Tamarozzi F et al., 2019. Epidemiological factors associated with human cystic echinococcosis: a semi-structured questionnaire from a large population-based ultrasound study in Eastern Europe and Turkey. Parasit Vectors 12: 371.
-
30.
Zhang W , Zhang Z , Wu W , Shi B , Li J , Zhou X , Wen H , McManus DP , 2015. Epidemiology and control of echinococcosis in central Asia, with particular reference to the People’s Republic of China. Acta Trop 141: 235–243.
-
31.
Rossi P , Tamarozzi F , Galati F , Akhan O , Cretu CM , Vutova K , Siles-Lucas M , Brunetti E , Casulli A , 2020. The European Register of Cystic Echinococcosis, ERCE: state-of-the-art five years after its launch. Parasit Vectors 13: 236.
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32.
Brundu D , Piseddu T , Stegel G , Masu G , Ledda S , Masala G , 2014. Retrospective study of human cystic echinococcosis in Italy based on the analysis of hospital discharge records between 2001 and 2012. Acta Trop 140: 91–96.
-
33.
Tamarozzi F , Mariconti M , Casulli A , Magnino S , Brunetti E , 2015. Comment on: Retrospective study of human cystic echinococcosis in Italy based on the analysis of hospital discharge records between 2001 and 2012. Acta Trop 144: 50–51.
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34.
Frider B , Moguilensky J , Salvitti JC , Odriozola M , Cantoni G , Larrieu E , 2001. Epidemiological surveillance of human hydatidosis by means of ultrasonography: its contribution to the evaluation of control programs. Acta Trop 79: 219–223.
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35.
Piseddu T , Brundu D , Stegel G , Loi F , Rolesu S , Masu G , Ledda S , Masala G , 2017. The disease burden of human cystic echinococcosis based on HDRs from 2001 to 2014 in Italy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11: e0005771.
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36.
Lopez-Bernus A et al., 2015. Surveillance of human echinococcosis in Castilla-Leon (Spain) between 2000-2012. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0004154.
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37.
Mustapayeva A , Manciulli T , 2016. Incidence rates of surgically managed cystic echinococcosis in Kazakhstan, 2007. Am J Trop Med Hyg 102: 90–99.
-
38.
Tamarozzi F , Belhassen-García M , Alonso-Sardón M , Carpio-Perez A , Velasco-Tirado V , Romero-Alegria Á , Muro A , Cordero-Sánchez M , Pardo-Lledias J , 2017. Prevalence and risk factors for human cystic echinococcosis in the Cusco Region of the Peruvian highlands diagnosed using focused abdominal ultrasound. Am J Trop Med Hyg 96: 1472–1477.
-
39.
Mirabile E , Solomon N , Fields PJ , Macpherson CNL , 2019. Progress towards international adoption of the World Health Organization ultrasound classification of cystic echinococcosis. Acta Trop 189: 6–9.
-
40.
Narra R , Maestri M , Budke CM , Tamarozzi F , Mariconti M , Nicoletti GJ , Rinaldi F , Brunetti E , 2016. Costs associated with surgically treated cases of abdominal cystic echinococcosis: a single center’s experience from 2008 to 2014, Pavia, Italy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 95: 405–409.
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41.
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42.
World Bank , 2020. World Bank Data – Uzbekistan. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/country/uzbekistan. Accessed March 11, 2020.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 399 | 399 | 43 |
| Full Text Views | 30 | 30 | 3 |
| PDF Downloads | 44 | 44 | 4 |
Ultrasound-Based Prevalence of Cystic Echinococcosis in the Samarkand Region of Uzbekistan: Results from a Field Survey
Agnese Colpani
Agnese Colpani
Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy;
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Olesya Achilova
Olesya Achilova
Isaev Institute for Medical Parasitology, Samarkand, Uzbekistan;
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Gian Luca D’Alessandro
Gian Luca D’Alessandro
Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy;
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Christine Budke
Christine Budke
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas;
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Mara Mariconti
Mara Mariconti
Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy;
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Timur Muratov
Timur Muratov
Isaev Institute for Medical Parasitology, Samarkand, Uzbekistan;
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Ambra Vola
Ambra Vola
Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy;
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Arzu Mamedov
Arzu Mamedov
Isaev Institute for Medical Parasitology, Samarkand, Uzbekistan;
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Maria Teresa Giordani
Maria Teresa Giordani
Department of Infectious Diseases, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
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Uktam Suvonkulov
Uktam Suvonkulov
Isaev Institute for Medical Parasitology, Samarkand, Uzbekistan;
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Enrico Brunetti
Enrico Brunetti
Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy;
Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy;
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Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy;
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Tommaso Manciulli
Tommaso Manciulli
Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy;
Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy;
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ABSTRACT.
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Uzbekistan is endemic for CE, but estimates of disease burden are lacking. We present findings from a cross-sectional, ultrasound-based survey evaluating the prevalence of human CE in the Samarkand region, Uzbekistan. The survey was conducted between September and October 2019 in the Payariq district, Samarkand. Study villages were selected based on sheep breeding and reported human CE. Residents aged 5–90 years were invited to receive a free abdominal ultrasound examination. The WHO Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis classification was used for cyst staging. Information regarding CE diagnosis and treatment was collected. Of 2,057 screened subjects, 498 (24.2%) were male. Twelve (0.58%) had detectable abdominal CE cysts. In total, five active/transitional (N = 1 CE1, N = 1 CE2, N = 3 CE3b) and 10 inactive cysts (N = 8 CE4, N = 2 CE5) were identified. Two participants had cystic lesions with no pathognomonic features of CE and were given a 1-month course of albendazole for diagnostic purposes. Twenty-three additional individuals reported previous surgery for CE in the liver (65.2%), lungs (21.6%), spleen (4.4%), liver and lungs (4.4%), and brain (4.4%). Our findings confirm the presence of CE in the Samarkand region, Uzbekistan. Additional studies are needed to assess the burden of human CE in the country. All patients with a history of CE reported surgery, even though most cysts found during the current study were inactive. Therefore, it appears there is a lack of awareness by the local medical community of the currently accepted stage-specific management of CE.
Author Notes
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Financial support: This research was funded by
Authors’ addresses: Agnese Colpani and Gian Luca D’Alessandro, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, E-mails: colpani.agnese@gmail.com and gianluca.d’alessandro01@ateneopv.it. Olesya Achilova, Timur Muratov, Arzu Mamedov, and Uktam Suvonkulov, Isaev Institute for Medical Parasitology, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, E-mails: aleska-9090@inbox.ru, aleska-9090@inbox.ru, aleska-9090@inbox.ru, and aleska-9090@inbox.ru. Christine Budke, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, E-mail: CBudke@cvm.tamu.edu. Mara Mariconti and Ambra Vola, Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy, E-mails: maramariconti@libero.it and ambra.vola@gmail.com. Maria Teresa Giordani, Department of Infectious Diseases, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy, E-mail: giordanimt@libero.it. Enrico Brunetti and Tommaso Manciulli, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, and Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy. E-mails: enrico.brunetti@unipv.it and tommaso.manciulli01@ateneopv.it.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Romig T , Deplazes P , Jenkins D , Giraudoux P , Massolo A , 2017. Ecology and life cycle patterns of Echinococcus species. Adv Parasitol 95: 213–314.
-
2.
Wen H , Vuitton L , Tuxun T , Li J , Vuitton DA , Zhang W , McManus DP , 2019. Echinococcosis: advances in the 21st century. Clin Microbiol Rev 32: 1–39.
-
3.
Solomon N , Kachani M , Zeyhle E , Macpherson CNL , 2017. The natural history of cystic echinococcosis in untreated and albendazole-treated patients. Acta Trop 171: 52–57.
-
4.
WHO Informal Working Group , 2003. International classification of ultrasound images in cystic echinococcosis for application in clinical and field epidemiological settings. Acta Trop 85: 253–261.
-
5.
Brunetti E , Garcia HH , Junghanss T , 2011. Cystic echinococcosis: chronic, complex, and still neglected. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: 3–7.
-
6.
Budke CM , Deplazes P , Torgerson PR , 2006. Global socioeconomic impact of cystic echinococcosis. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 296–303.
-
7.
Craig PS , Budke CM , Schantz PM , Li T , Qiu J , Yang Y , Zeyhle E , Rogan MT , Ito A , 2007. Human echinococcosis: a neglected disease? Trop Med Health 35: 283–292.
-
8.
WHO , 2020. Ending the Neglect to Attain the Sustainable Development Goals: A Road Map for Neglected Tropical Diseases 2021–2030. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Available at: https://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/revised-draftntd-roadmap-23apr2020.pdf. Accessed April 15, 2021.
-
9.
Torgerson PR , 2013. The emergence of echinococcosis in central Asia. Parasitology 140: 1667–1673.
-
10.
Hong S-T , Jin Y , Anvarov K , Khadjibaev A , Hong S , Ahmedov Y , Otaboev U , 2013. Infection status of hydatid cysts in humans and sheep in Uzbekistan. Korean J Parasitol 51: 383–385.
-
11.
Torgerson PR , Oguljahan B , Muminov AE , Karaeva RR , Kuttubaev OT , Aminjanov M , Shaikenov B , 2006. Present situation of cystic echinococcosis in Central Asia. Parasitol Int 55 (Suppl): S207–S212.
-
12.
Chebli H et al., 2017. Human cystic echinococcosis in Morocco: ultrasound screening in the Mid Atlas through an Italian-Moroccan partnership. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11: e0005384.
-
13.
Tamarozzi F et al., 2018. Prevalence of abdominal cystic echinococcosis in rural Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey: a cross-sectional, ultrasound-based, population study from the HERACLES project. Lancet Infect Dis 18: 769–778.
-
14.
WHO , 2020. Ending the Neglect to Attain the Sustainable Development Goals – A Road Map for Neglected Tropical Diseases 2021–2030. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
15.
Statistics Agency under the Preident of the Republic of Ubekistan, 2022. Open Data: Demography. Available at: https://stat.uz/en/official-statistics/demography. Accessed October 20, 2022.
-
16.
Torgerson PR , Rosenheim K , Tanner I , Ziadinov I , Grimm F , Brunner M , Shaiken S , Rysmukhambetova A , Deplazes P , 2009. Echinococcosis, toxocarosis and toxoplasmosis screening in a rural community in eastern Kazakhstan. Trop Med Int Health 14: 341–348.
-
17.
Brunetti E , Kern P , Vuitton DA , 2010. Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. Acta Trop 114: 1–16.
-
18.
WHO Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis , 2017. Meeting of the WHO Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis (WHO-IWGE), December 15–16, 2016, Geneva, Switzerland.
-
19.
Rinaldi F , Brunetti E , Neumayr A , Maestri M , Goblirsch S , Tamarozzi F , 2014. Cystic echinococcosis of the liver: a primer for hepatologists. World J Hepatol 6: 293–305.
-
20.
Grisolia A , Troìa G , Mariani G , Brunetti E , Filice C , 2009. A simple sonographic scoring system combined with routine serology is useful in differentiating parasitic from non-parasitic cysts of the liver. J Ultrasound 12: 75–79.
-
21.
Vola A , Manciulli T , De Silvestri A , Lissandrin R , Mariconti M , Siles-Lucas M , Brunetti E , Tamarozzi F , 2019. Diagnostic performances of commercial ELISA, indirect hemagglutination, and Western blot in differentiation of hepatic echinococcal and non-echinococcal lesions: a retrospective analysis of data from a single referral centre. Am J Trop Med Hyg 101: 1345–1349.
-
22.
Yusupov Y, Lerman Z, Chertovitskiy A, Akbarov O, 2010. Livestock Production in Uzbekistan: Current State, Challenges and Prospects. New York, United States of America: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Available at: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11766/67492. Accessed October 10, 2022.
-
23.
Statistics Agency under the Preident of the Republic of Ubekistan, 2022. Open Data: Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing. Available at: https://stat.uz/en/official-statistics/agriculture. Accessed October 10, 2022.
-
24.
Torgerson PR , Shaikenov BS , Rysmukhambetova AT , Ussenbayev AE , Abdybekova AM , Burtisurnov KK , 2003. Modelling the transmission dynamics of Echinococcus granulosus in dogs in rural Kazakhstan. Parasitology 126: 417–424.
-
25.
Mustapayeva A et al., 2022. Ultrasound-based evaluation of the prevalence of abdominal cystic echinococcosis in the Turkestan region of Kazakhstan. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 116: 222–226.
-
26.
Paternoster G et al., 2020. Epidemic cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in Kyrgyzstan: an analysis of national surveillance data. Lancet Glob Health 8: e603–e611.
-
27.
Colpani A et al., 2021. Trends in the surgical incidence of cystic echinococcosis in Uzbekistan from 2011 to 2018. Am J Trop Med Hyg 106: 724–728.
-
28.
Mustapayeva AA et al., 2019. Incidence rates of surgically managed cystic echinococcosis in Kazakhstan, 2007–2016. Am J Trop Med Hyg 102: 90–99.
-
29.
Tamarozzi F et al., 2019. Epidemiological factors associated with human cystic echinococcosis: a semi-structured questionnaire from a large population-based ultrasound study in Eastern Europe and Turkey. Parasit Vectors 12: 371.
-
30.
Zhang W , Zhang Z , Wu W , Shi B , Li J , Zhou X , Wen H , McManus DP , 2015. Epidemiology and control of echinococcosis in central Asia, with particular reference to the People’s Republic of China. Acta Trop 141: 235–243.
-
31.
Rossi P , Tamarozzi F , Galati F , Akhan O , Cretu CM , Vutova K , Siles-Lucas M , Brunetti E , Casulli A , 2020. The European Register of Cystic Echinococcosis, ERCE: state-of-the-art five years after its launch. Parasit Vectors 13: 236.
-
32.
Brundu D , Piseddu T , Stegel G , Masu G , Ledda S , Masala G , 2014. Retrospective study of human cystic echinococcosis in Italy based on the analysis of hospital discharge records between 2001 and 2012. Acta Trop 140: 91–96.
-
33.
Tamarozzi F , Mariconti M , Casulli A , Magnino S , Brunetti E , 2015. Comment on: Retrospective study of human cystic echinococcosis in Italy based on the analysis of hospital discharge records between 2001 and 2012. Acta Trop 144: 50–51.
-
34.
Frider B , Moguilensky J , Salvitti JC , Odriozola M , Cantoni G , Larrieu E , 2001. Epidemiological surveillance of human hydatidosis by means of ultrasonography: its contribution to the evaluation of control programs. Acta Trop 79: 219–223.
-
35.
Piseddu T , Brundu D , Stegel G , Loi F , Rolesu S , Masu G , Ledda S , Masala G , 2017. The disease burden of human cystic echinococcosis based on HDRs from 2001 to 2014 in Italy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11: e0005771.
-
36.
Lopez-Bernus A et al., 2015. Surveillance of human echinococcosis in Castilla-Leon (Spain) between 2000-2012. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0004154.
-
37.
Mustapayeva A , Manciulli T , 2016. Incidence rates of surgically managed cystic echinococcosis in Kazakhstan, 2007. Am J Trop Med Hyg 102: 90–99.
-
38.
Tamarozzi F , Belhassen-García M , Alonso-Sardón M , Carpio-Perez A , Velasco-Tirado V , Romero-Alegria Á , Muro A , Cordero-Sánchez M , Pardo-Lledias J , 2017. Prevalence and risk factors for human cystic echinococcosis in the Cusco Region of the Peruvian highlands diagnosed using focused abdominal ultrasound. Am J Trop Med Hyg 96: 1472–1477.
-
39.
Mirabile E , Solomon N , Fields PJ , Macpherson CNL , 2019. Progress towards international adoption of the World Health Organization ultrasound classification of cystic echinococcosis. Acta Trop 189: 6–9.
-
40.
Narra R , Maestri M , Budke CM , Tamarozzi F , Mariconti M , Nicoletti GJ , Rinaldi F , Brunetti E , 2016. Costs associated with surgically treated cases of abdominal cystic echinococcosis: a single center’s experience from 2008 to 2014, Pavia, Italy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 95: 405–409.
-
41.
Manciulli T et al., 2020. Evidence of low prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in the Catanzaro Province, Calabria Region, Italy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 103: 1951–1954.
-
42.
World Bank , 2020. World Bank Data – Uzbekistan. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/country/uzbekistan. Accessed March 11, 2020.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 399 | 399 | 43 |
| Full Text Views | 30 | 30 | 3 |
| PDF Downloads | 44 | 44 | 4 |