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Factors Associated with Chikungunya Infection among Pregnant Women in Grenada, West Indies

Melanie Kiener Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California;

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Nikita Cudjoe Windward Islands Research and Education Foundation, St. George’s, Grenada;

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Roberta Evans Windward Islands Research and Education Foundation, St. George’s, Grenada;

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Veronica Mapp-Alexander Windward Islands Research and Education Foundation, St. George’s, Grenada;

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Amna Tariq Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California;

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Calum Macpherson Windward Islands Research and Education Foundation, St. George’s, Grenada;

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Trevor Noël Windward Islands Research and Education Foundation, St. George’s, Grenada;

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Patrick Gérardin INSERM CIC1410/Plateforme de Recherche Clinique et Translationnelle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France

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Randall Waechter Windward Islands Research and Education Foundation, St. George’s, Grenada;

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A. Desiree LaBeaud Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California;

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.23-0157
Volume/Issue:
Volume 109: Issue 1
Page(s):
123–125
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ABSTRACT.

Neonates are vulnerable to vector-borne diseases given the potential for mother-to-child congenital transmission. To determine factors associated with chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection among pregnant women in Grenada, West Indies, a retrospective cohort study enrolled women who were pregnant during the 2014 CHIKV epidemic. In all, 520/688 women (75.5%) were CHIKV IgG positive. Low incomes, use of pit latrines, lack of home window screens, and subjective reporting of frequent mosquito bites were associated with increased risk of CHIKV infection in bivariate analyses. In the multivariate modified Poisson regression model, low income (adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 1.05 [95% CI: 1.01–1.10]) and frequent mosquito bites (aRR: 1.05 [95% CI: 1.01–1.10]) were linked to increased infection risk. In Grenada, markers of low socioeconomic status are associated with CHIKV infection among pregnant women. Given that Grenada will continue to face vector-borne outbreaks, interventions dedicated to improving living conditions of the most disadvantaged will help reduce the incidence of arboviral infections.

Author Notes

Address correspondence to Melanie Kiener, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr., Lane Bldg. L-134, Stanford, CA 94305-5119. E-mail: mkiener8@stanford.edu

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Financial support: Funding for this study was provided through NIH Fogarty International Center, grant number #1R21TW010536-01.

Authors’ addresses: Melanie Kiener, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, E-mail: mkiener8@stanford.edu. Nikita Cudjoe, Roberta Evans, Veronica Mapp-Alexander, Calum Macpherson, Trevor Noel, and Randall Waechter, Windward Islands Research and Education Foundation, St. George’s, Grenada, E-mails: ncudjoe@sgu.edu, roberta.evans@windref.gd, vmappal1@sgu.edu, cmacpherson@sgu.edu, trevornoel@sgu.edu, and rwaechte@sgu.edu. Amna Tariq and A. Desiree LaBeaud, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, E-mails: atariq1@stanford.edu and dlabeaud@stanford.edu. Patrick Gérardin, INSERM CIC1410/Plateforme de Recherche Clinique et Translationnelle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France, E-mail: patrick.gerardin@chu-reunion.fr.

Copyright:
© American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2023
Received:
10 Mar 2023
|
Accepted:
21 Apr 2023
|
Published Online:
30 May 2023
Cover The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Print ISSN:
0002-9637
Online ISSN:
1476-1645
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