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-
1.
Garg RK , Mahadevan A , Malhotra HS , Rizvi I , Kumar N , Uniyal R , 2019. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Rev Med Virol 29: e2058.
-
2.
Garg RK , Paliwal VK , Rizvi I , Kumar N , Agrawal AA , Agrawal P , 2022. Vision Loss in Patients of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE): A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series. Available at: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022362652. Accessed April 17, 2023.
-
3.
Dyken PR , 1985. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: current status. Neurol Clin 3: 179–196.
-
4.
The Joanna Briggs Institute , 2017. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools for Use in JBI Systematic Reviews: Checklist for Case Reports. Available at: https://jbi.global/sites/default/files/2019-05/JBI_Critical_Appraisal-Checklist_for_Case_Reports2017_0.pdf. Accessed April 17, 2023.
-
5.
World Health Organization , 2006. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and measles vaccination. GACVS meeting, of December 1–2, 2005. Available at: https://www.who.int/groups/global-advisory-committee-on-vaccine-safety/topics/measles-vaccines. Accessed March 4, 2023.
-
6.
Watanabe S , Shirogane Y , Sato Y , Hashiguchi T , Yanagi Y , 2019. New insights into measles virus brain infections. Trends Microbiol 27: 164–175.
-
7.
Satoh Y et al., 2021. M protein of the subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus, synergistically with the F protein, plays a crucial role in viral neuropathogenic. J Gen Virol 102: 001682.
-
8.
Park DW et al., 1997. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis manifesting as viral retinitis: clinical and histopathologic findings. Am J Ophthalmol 123: 533–542.
-
9.
Oray M , Tuncer S , Kir N , Karacorlu M , Tugal-Tutkun I , 2014. Optic neuritis and rapidly progressive necrotizing retinitis as the initial signs of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: a case report with clinical and histopathologic findings. Int Ophthalmol 34: 983–987.
-
10.
Cam F , Dericioğlu V , Celiker H , 2022. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis presenting with macular necrotizing retinitis: a case report. Ocul Immunol Inflamm: 1–6. doi: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2121930.
-
11.
Paul L , Jain T , Agarwal M , Singh S , 2021. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis manifesting as Bell’s palsy and bilateral macular necrotizing retinitis: an atypical presenting feature. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 11: 2.
-
12.
Petzold A et al., 2022. Diagnosis and classification of optic neuritis. Lancet Neurol 21: 1120–1134.
-
13.
Shah A , Babu R , Biswas J , 2018. Retinitis as the presenting feature of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in an Indian male: a case report. Indian J Ophthalmol 66: 1491–1493.
-
14.
Tripathy K , Chawla R , Mittal K , Farmania R , Venkatesh P , Gulati S , 2017. Ophthalmic examination as a means to diagnose subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: an optical coherence tomography and ultrawide field imaging evaluation. Eye Vis (Lond) 4: 1.
-
15.
Baillif S , Tieulie N , Queyrel V , Cornut PL , Gastaud P , 2012. New aspects of viral necrotizing retinitis in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Retin Cases Brief Rep 6: 235–241.
-
16.
Ortega-Aznar A , Romero-Vidal FJ , Castellví J , Ferrer JM , Codina A , 2003. Adult-onset subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: clinico-pathological findings in 2 new cases. Clin Neuropathol 22: 110–118.
-
17.
Oya T , Martinez AJ , Jabbour JT , Lemmi H , Duenas DA , 1974. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Correlation of clinical, neurophysiologic and neuropathologic findings. Neurology 24: 211–218.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 1194 | 576 | 67 |
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Vision Loss in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series
Ravindra Kumar Garg
Ravindra Kumar Garg
Department of Neurology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India;
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Vimal Paliwal
Vimal Paliwal
Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India;
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Neeraj Kumar
Neeraj Kumar
Department of Neurology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India;
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Akshaya Anand Agrawal
Akshaya Anand Agrawal
Department of Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India;
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Preeti Agrawal
Preeti Agrawal
Department of Pathology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
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Imran Rizvi
Imran Rizvi
Department of Neurology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India;
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ABSTRACT.
Vision loss is a presenting complaint in many patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Data related to vision loss in SSPE is available only in the form of case reports. In this systematic review, we evaluated characteristics of vision loss, affected anatomic site, and patient course and outcome. We extracted data from four databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The last search was done on October 26, 2022. We adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022362652). Dyken’s criteria were used for the diagnosis of SSPE. The data were recorded in an Excel sheet. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of data. The mean age of patients with SSPE was 17.9 years. Males outnumbered females (60:34). In 73 patients (76%), duration of illness/onset of vision loss was less than 6 months. In 76% patients (n = 73), visual manifestations appeared before encephalopathy. Involvement of the retina (58 of 96, 60.4%), optic nerve (9 of 96, 9.3%), or cerebral cortex (29 of 96, 30.2%) was responsible for vision loss. T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parieto-occipital hyperintensities were the most frequent (71.4%) neuroimaging abnormality. Retinal biopsy revealed similar findings revealed by brain histopathology. All patients died and became akinetic mute during the follow-up period, which ranged from a few weeks to a few years. In conclusion, retinal involvement was the most common cause of vision loss. Vision loss often precedes encephalopathy. Cortical vision loss was associated invariably with T2/FLAIR MRI hyperintensities in the parieto-occipital region.
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Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: Ravindra Kumar Garg, Neeraj Kumar, and Imran Rizvi, Department of Neurology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India, E-mails: garg50@yahoo.com, drneeraj2903@gmail.com, imranrizvi09@gmail.com. Vimal Paliwal, Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India, E-mail: drvimalkpaliwal@gmail.com. Akshaya Anand Agrawal, Department of Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India, E-mail: akshayanand@kgmcindia.edu. Preeti Agrawal, Department of Pathology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India, E-mail: preavn@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Garg RK , Mahadevan A , Malhotra HS , Rizvi I , Kumar N , Uniyal R , 2019. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Rev Med Virol 29: e2058.
-
2.
Garg RK , Paliwal VK , Rizvi I , Kumar N , Agrawal AA , Agrawal P , 2022. Vision Loss in Patients of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE): A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series. Available at: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022362652. Accessed April 17, 2023.
-
3.
Dyken PR , 1985. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: current status. Neurol Clin 3: 179–196.
-
4.
The Joanna Briggs Institute , 2017. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools for Use in JBI Systematic Reviews: Checklist for Case Reports. Available at: https://jbi.global/sites/default/files/2019-05/JBI_Critical_Appraisal-Checklist_for_Case_Reports2017_0.pdf. Accessed April 17, 2023.
-
5.
World Health Organization , 2006. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and measles vaccination. GACVS meeting, of December 1–2, 2005. Available at: https://www.who.int/groups/global-advisory-committee-on-vaccine-safety/topics/measles-vaccines. Accessed March 4, 2023.
-
6.
Watanabe S , Shirogane Y , Sato Y , Hashiguchi T , Yanagi Y , 2019. New insights into measles virus brain infections. Trends Microbiol 27: 164–175.
-
7.
Satoh Y et al., 2021. M protein of the subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus, synergistically with the F protein, plays a crucial role in viral neuropathogenic. J Gen Virol 102: 001682.
-
8.
Park DW et al., 1997. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis manifesting as viral retinitis: clinical and histopathologic findings. Am J Ophthalmol 123: 533–542.
-
9.
Oray M , Tuncer S , Kir N , Karacorlu M , Tugal-Tutkun I , 2014. Optic neuritis and rapidly progressive necrotizing retinitis as the initial signs of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: a case report with clinical and histopathologic findings. Int Ophthalmol 34: 983–987.
-
10.
Cam F , Dericioğlu V , Celiker H , 2022. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis presenting with macular necrotizing retinitis: a case report. Ocul Immunol Inflamm: 1–6. doi: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2121930.
-
11.
Paul L , Jain T , Agarwal M , Singh S , 2021. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis manifesting as Bell’s palsy and bilateral macular necrotizing retinitis: an atypical presenting feature. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 11: 2.
-
12.
Petzold A et al., 2022. Diagnosis and classification of optic neuritis. Lancet Neurol 21: 1120–1134.
-
13.
Shah A , Babu R , Biswas J , 2018. Retinitis as the presenting feature of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in an Indian male: a case report. Indian J Ophthalmol 66: 1491–1493.
-
14.
Tripathy K , Chawla R , Mittal K , Farmania R , Venkatesh P , Gulati S , 2017. Ophthalmic examination as a means to diagnose subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: an optical coherence tomography and ultrawide field imaging evaluation. Eye Vis (Lond) 4: 1.
-
15.
Baillif S , Tieulie N , Queyrel V , Cornut PL , Gastaud P , 2012. New aspects of viral necrotizing retinitis in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Retin Cases Brief Rep 6: 235–241.
-
16.
Ortega-Aznar A , Romero-Vidal FJ , Castellví J , Ferrer JM , Codina A , 2003. Adult-onset subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: clinico-pathological findings in 2 new cases. Clin Neuropathol 22: 110–118.
-
17.
Oya T , Martinez AJ , Jabbour JT , Lemmi H , Duenas DA , 1974. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Correlation of clinical, neurophysiologic and neuropathologic findings. Neurology 24: 211–218.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1194 | 576 | 67 |
| Full Text Views | 311 | 63 | 4 |
| PDF Downloads | 118 | 29 | 4 |