ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
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-
1.
Hotez PJ , Brindley PJ , Bethony JM , King CH , Pearce EJ , Jacobson J , 2008. Helminth infections: the great neglected tropical diseases. J Clin Invest 118: 1311–1321.
-
2.
Errea RA et al.2019. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis in children from a rural community taking part in a periodic deworming program in the Peruvian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg 101: 636–640.
-
3.
Boisson S , Engels D , Gordon BA , Medlicott KO , Neira MP , Montresor A , Solomon AW , Velleman Y , 2016. Water, sanitation and hygiene for accelerating and sustaining progress on neglected tropical diseases: a new global strategy 2015–20. Int Health 8 (Suppl 1):i19–i21.
-
4.
Larocque R , Casapia M , Gotuzzo E , Gyorkos TW , 2005. Relationship between intensity of soil-transmitted helminth infections and anemia during pregnancy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 783–789.
-
5.
Roldán WH , Cavero YA , Espinoza YA , Jiménez S , Gutiérrez CA , 2010. Human toxocariasis: a seroepidemiological survey in the Amazonian city of Yurimaguas, Peru. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo 52: 37–42.
-
6.
Ministerio de Salud del Perú , 2003. Helmintos Intestinales en el Perú: Análisis de la Prevalencia (1981–2001). Lima, Peru: Oficina General de Epidemiología. Available at: http://www.dge.gob.pe/publicaciones/pub_invepi/iepi06.pdf. Accessed January 10, 2022.
-
7.
Cabada MM , Lopez M , Arque E , Clinton White A , 2014. Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths after mass albendazole administration in an indigenous community of the Manu jungle in Peru. Pathog Glob Health 108: 200–205.
-
8.
Salam RA , Das JK , Bhutta ZA , 2021. Effect of mass deworming with antihelminthics for soil-transmitted helminths during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 5: CD005547.
-
9.
Ferruci HR , Razuri H , Casapia M , Rahme E , Silva H , Ault S , Blouin B , Mofid LS , Montresor A , Gyorkos TW , 2016. Governance, organization, accountability and sustainability of a region-wide school-based deworming program in Loreto, Peru. Acta Trop 159: 219–226.
-
10.
Hotez PJ , Molyneux DH , Fenwick A , Kumaresan J , Sachs SE , Sachs JD , Savioli L , 2007. Control of neglected tropical diseases. N Engl J Med 357: 1018–1027.
-
11.
Webster JP , Molyneux DH , Hotez PJ , Fenwick A , 2014. The contribution of mass drug administration to global health: past, present and future. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 369: 20130434.
-
12.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Bureau of Health Professions , 2007. Community Health Worker National Workforce Study. Rockville, MD: HRSA.
-
13.
Christensen PB , Karlqvist S , 1990. Community health workers in a Peruvian slum area: an evaluation of their impact on health behavior. Bull PAHO 24: 183–196.
-
14.
Ferdinand DY , Nadlaou B , Samuel N , Oscar BY , Raphael M , Christophe N , Lopes S , Allan R , 2020. Evaluation of the effectiveness of community health workers in the fight against malaria in the Central African Republic (2012–2017). Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 114: 173–184.
-
15.
Perry HB , Zulliger R , Rogers MM , 2014. Community health workers in low-, middle-, and high-income countries: an overview of their history, recent evolution, and current effectiveness. Annu Rev Public Health 35: 399–421.
-
16.
Ebbs D , Hirschbaum JH , Mika A , Matsushita SC , Lewis JH , 2020. Expanding medical education for local health workers among remote communities of the Peruvian Amazon: an exploratory study of an innovative program model. Adv Med Educ Pract 11: 215–223.
-
17.
Westgard C , Naraine R , Paucar Villacorta DM , 2018. Performance evaluation of community health workers: case study in the Amazon of Peru. J Community Health 43: 908–919.
-
18.
Yang A et al.2019. Kankanet: an artificial neural network-based object detection smartphone application and mobile microscope as a point-of-care diagnostic aid for soil-transmitted helminthiases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 13: e0007577.
-
19.
Kamgno J et al.2017. A test-and-not-treat strategy for onchocerciasis in Loa loa–endemic areas. N Engl J Med 377: 2044–2052.
-
20.
Slusarewicz P , Pagano S , Mills C , Popa G , Chow KM , Mendenhall M , Nielsen MK , Rodgers DW , Nielsen MK , 2016. Automated parasite faecal egg counting using fluorescence labelling, smartphone image capture and computational image analysis. Int J Parasitol 46: 485–493.
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21.
Bates M , Zumla A , 2015. Rapid infectious diseases diagnostics using Smartphones. Ann Transl Med 3: 215.
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22.
Ozyilmaz L , Yildirim T , 2002. Diagnosis of thyroid disease using artificial neural network methods. Proc 9th Int Conf Neural Inf Process, ICONIP’02 4: 2033–2036.
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23.
Komeda Y et al.2017. Computer-aided diagnosis based on convolutional Neural Network System for colorectal polyp classification: preliminary experience. Oncology 93: 30–34.
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24.
World Health Organization , 2019. Bench Aids for the Diagnosis of Intestinal Parasites, 2nd edition. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
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25.
World Health Organization , 2016. Framework for Control and Prevention of Soil-transmitted Helminthiases in the WHO European Region 2016–2020. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
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26.
Bogoch II , Coulibaly JT , Andrews JR , Speich B , Keiser J , Stothard JR , N’goran EK , Utzinger J , 2014. Evaluation of portable microscopic devices for the diagnosis of Schistosoma and soil-transmitted helminth infection. Parasitology 141: 1811–1818.
-
27.
D’Ambrosio MV , 2015. Point-of-care quantification of blood-borne filarial parasites with a mobile phone microscope. Sci Transl Med 7: 286re4.
-
28.
Koydemir HC , Gorocs Z , Tseng D , Cortazar B , Feng S , Chan RY , Burbano J , McLeod E , Ozcan A , 2015. Rapid imaging, detection and quantification of Giardia lamblia cysts using mobile-phone based fluorescent microscopy and machine learning. Lab Chip 15: 1284–1293.
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Bates M , Zumla A , 2015. Rapid infectious diseases diagnostics using Smartphones. Ann Transl Med 3: 215.
-
30.
World Health Organization , 2015. Global Health Workforce Alliance 2014 Annual Report Available at: http://www.who.int/workforcealliance/knowledge/resources/annual_report2014/en/. Accessed December 25, 2021.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1126 | 800 | 63 |
| Full Text Views | 1472 | 233 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 328 | 23 | 1 |
Feasibility of Training Community Health Workers to Use Smartphone-Attached Microscopy for Point-of-Care Visualization of Soil-Transmitted Helminths in the Peruvian Amazon
Eve Ameen
Eve Ameen
Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York;
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Simon Nin Zhu
Simon Nin Zhu
Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York;
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Cesar Morales Guzman
Cesar Morales Guzman
Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Peru;
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Erin Taub
Erin Taub
Global Health Institute, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, New York;
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Crystyan Siles
Crystyan Siles
U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Iquitos, Peru;
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Graciela Meza Sanchez
Graciela Meza Sanchez
Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Peru;
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Stalin Vilcarromero
Stalin Vilcarromero
Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru;
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Cesar Ramal
Cesar Ramal
Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Peru;
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Nolberto Tangoa
Nolberto Tangoa
Centro de Salud San Juan, Ministerio de Salud Peruana, Iquitos, Peru;
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Luis A. Marcos
Luis A. Marcos
Global Health Institute, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, New York;
Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
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Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
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ABSTRACT.
The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths (STH) is high in communities within the Peruvian Amazon despite repeated mass-drug administration, demanding alternative strategies of control. Smartphone-attached microscopy (SAM) permits visualization of STH from a small portable microscope through a smartphone screen, potentially providing an inexpensive and rapid method of STH visualization in communities where diagnostic laboratories with microscopes are inaccessible. In this study, a total of 45 community health workers who work within the health systems of Loreto, Peru, attended a 1-day training session with lectures and practicums on STH and SAM. Participants received a pre- and post-intervention questionnaire. Post-intervention, participants were significantly more confident using SAM and identifying parasite images, symptoms, transmission, and treatment (P ≤ 0.0045). Post-intervention, participants correctly labeled a median of five of seven SAM apparatus components and five of eight steps of Kato–Katz technique, were less likely to choose taking medicine to prevent parasite infection (P = 0.0075), and were more likely to select Kato–Katz technique as a type of diagnostic test (P < 0.0001). Most participants felt ready to use SAM in their communities and stated that it could help rural communities far from health centers or laboratories (24%); provide faster identification, results, diagnosis (19%); permit at-home or on-the-spot visualization (14%); and save money (14%). Results show that community health workers show a high level of willingness and competency to learn about both STH and SAM and may be a yet-unexplored practical method of augmenting STH visualization, bringing healthcare to communities in Loreto with poor access to diagnostic laboratories and clinics.
Author Notes
Financial support: Benjamin H. Kean Travel Fellowship in Tropical Medicine by the
Authors’ addresses: Eve Ameen and Simon Nin Zhu, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, E-mails: aeve.ameen@mountsinai.org and simonnin.zhu@stonybrookmedicine.edu. Cesar Morales Guzman, Graciela Meza Sanchez, and César Ramal, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Peru, E-mails: moralesguzmancesar95@gmail.com, gracielamezasanchez@gmail.com, and ramalasayag@yahoo.fr. Erin Taub, Global Health Institute, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY, E-mail: erin.taub@stonybrookmedicine.edu. Luis A. Marcos, Global Health Institute, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY, and Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, Email: luis.marcosraymundo@stonybrookmedicine.edu. Crystyan Siles, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Iquitos, Peru, E-mail: csilesm23@hotmail.com. Stalin Vilcarromero, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, E-mail: stalinvil@gmail.com. Nolberto Tangoa, Centro de Salud San Juan, Ministerio de Salud Peruana, Iquitos, Peru, E-mail: nolberto.tangoa@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Hotez PJ , Brindley PJ , Bethony JM , King CH , Pearce EJ , Jacobson J , 2008. Helminth infections: the great neglected tropical diseases. J Clin Invest 118: 1311–1321.
-
2.
Errea RA et al.2019. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis in children from a rural community taking part in a periodic deworming program in the Peruvian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg 101: 636–640.
-
3.
Boisson S , Engels D , Gordon BA , Medlicott KO , Neira MP , Montresor A , Solomon AW , Velleman Y , 2016. Water, sanitation and hygiene for accelerating and sustaining progress on neglected tropical diseases: a new global strategy 2015–20. Int Health 8 (Suppl 1):i19–i21.
-
4.
Larocque R , Casapia M , Gotuzzo E , Gyorkos TW , 2005. Relationship between intensity of soil-transmitted helminth infections and anemia during pregnancy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 783–789.
-
5.
Roldán WH , Cavero YA , Espinoza YA , Jiménez S , Gutiérrez CA , 2010. Human toxocariasis: a seroepidemiological survey in the Amazonian city of Yurimaguas, Peru. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo 52: 37–42.
-
6.
Ministerio de Salud del Perú , 2003. Helmintos Intestinales en el Perú: Análisis de la Prevalencia (1981–2001). Lima, Peru: Oficina General de Epidemiología. Available at: http://www.dge.gob.pe/publicaciones/pub_invepi/iepi06.pdf. Accessed January 10, 2022.
-
7.
Cabada MM , Lopez M , Arque E , Clinton White A , 2014. Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths after mass albendazole administration in an indigenous community of the Manu jungle in Peru. Pathog Glob Health 108: 200–205.
-
8.
Salam RA , Das JK , Bhutta ZA , 2021. Effect of mass deworming with antihelminthics for soil-transmitted helminths during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 5: CD005547.
-
9.
Ferruci HR , Razuri H , Casapia M , Rahme E , Silva H , Ault S , Blouin B , Mofid LS , Montresor A , Gyorkos TW , 2016. Governance, organization, accountability and sustainability of a region-wide school-based deworming program in Loreto, Peru. Acta Trop 159: 219–226.
-
10.
Hotez PJ , Molyneux DH , Fenwick A , Kumaresan J , Sachs SE , Sachs JD , Savioli L , 2007. Control of neglected tropical diseases. N Engl J Med 357: 1018–1027.
-
11.
Webster JP , Molyneux DH , Hotez PJ , Fenwick A , 2014. The contribution of mass drug administration to global health: past, present and future. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 369: 20130434.
-
12.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Bureau of Health Professions , 2007. Community Health Worker National Workforce Study. Rockville, MD: HRSA.
-
13.
Christensen PB , Karlqvist S , 1990. Community health workers in a Peruvian slum area: an evaluation of their impact on health behavior. Bull PAHO 24: 183–196.
-
14.
Ferdinand DY , Nadlaou B , Samuel N , Oscar BY , Raphael M , Christophe N , Lopes S , Allan R , 2020. Evaluation of the effectiveness of community health workers in the fight against malaria in the Central African Republic (2012–2017). Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 114: 173–184.
-
15.
Perry HB , Zulliger R , Rogers MM , 2014. Community health workers in low-, middle-, and high-income countries: an overview of their history, recent evolution, and current effectiveness. Annu Rev Public Health 35: 399–421.
-
16.
Ebbs D , Hirschbaum JH , Mika A , Matsushita SC , Lewis JH , 2020. Expanding medical education for local health workers among remote communities of the Peruvian Amazon: an exploratory study of an innovative program model. Adv Med Educ Pract 11: 215–223.
-
17.
Westgard C , Naraine R , Paucar Villacorta DM , 2018. Performance evaluation of community health workers: case study in the Amazon of Peru. J Community Health 43: 908–919.
-
18.
Yang A et al.2019. Kankanet: an artificial neural network-based object detection smartphone application and mobile microscope as a point-of-care diagnostic aid for soil-transmitted helminthiases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 13: e0007577.
-
19.
Kamgno J et al.2017. A test-and-not-treat strategy for onchocerciasis in Loa loa–endemic areas. N Engl J Med 377: 2044–2052.
-
20.
Slusarewicz P , Pagano S , Mills C , Popa G , Chow KM , Mendenhall M , Nielsen MK , Rodgers DW , Nielsen MK , 2016. Automated parasite faecal egg counting using fluorescence labelling, smartphone image capture and computational image analysis. Int J Parasitol 46: 485–493.
-
21.
Bates M , Zumla A , 2015. Rapid infectious diseases diagnostics using Smartphones. Ann Transl Med 3: 215.
-
22.
Ozyilmaz L , Yildirim T , 2002. Diagnosis of thyroid disease using artificial neural network methods. Proc 9th Int Conf Neural Inf Process, ICONIP’02 4: 2033–2036.
-
23.
Komeda Y et al.2017. Computer-aided diagnosis based on convolutional Neural Network System for colorectal polyp classification: preliminary experience. Oncology 93: 30–34.
-
24.
World Health Organization , 2019. Bench Aids for the Diagnosis of Intestinal Parasites, 2nd edition. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
25.
World Health Organization , 2016. Framework for Control and Prevention of Soil-transmitted Helminthiases in the WHO European Region 2016–2020. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
26.
Bogoch II , Coulibaly JT , Andrews JR , Speich B , Keiser J , Stothard JR , N’goran EK , Utzinger J , 2014. Evaluation of portable microscopic devices for the diagnosis of Schistosoma and soil-transmitted helminth infection. Parasitology 141: 1811–1818.
-
27.
D’Ambrosio MV , 2015. Point-of-care quantification of blood-borne filarial parasites with a mobile phone microscope. Sci Transl Med 7: 286re4.
-
28.
Koydemir HC , Gorocs Z , Tseng D , Cortazar B , Feng S , Chan RY , Burbano J , McLeod E , Ozcan A , 2015. Rapid imaging, detection and quantification of Giardia lamblia cysts using mobile-phone based fluorescent microscopy and machine learning. Lab Chip 15: 1284–1293.
-
29.
Bates M , Zumla A , 2015. Rapid infectious diseases diagnostics using Smartphones. Ann Transl Med 3: 215.
-
30.
World Health Organization , 2015. Global Health Workforce Alliance 2014 Annual Report Available at: http://www.who.int/workforcealliance/knowledge/resources/annual_report2014/en/. Accessed December 25, 2021.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1126 | 800 | 63 |
| Full Text Views | 1472 | 233 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 328 | 23 | 1 |