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1.
World Health Organization , 2018. The World Malaria Report 2018. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565653. Accessed April 12, 2023.
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World Health Organization , 2020. World Malaria Report 2020. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. Available at: https://www.who.int/multi-media/details/world-malaria-report-2020. Accessed April 12, 2023.
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3.
World Health Organization , 2017. High burden to high impact: a targeted malaria response. RBM Partnership to End Malaria: Global Malaria Programme. ISBN 978-92-4-156552-3.
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World Malaria Report RP to EM , 2017. High burden to high impact: a targeted malaria response. Ecos.
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5.
Oguche S et al., 2014. Efficacy of artemisinin-based combination treatments of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in under-five-year-old Nigerian children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 91: 925–935.
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6.
Snow R et al., 2013. A Description of the Epidemiology of Malaria to Guide the Planning of Control in Nigeria. Available at: https://www.linkmalaria.org/sites/www.linkmalaria.org/files/content/country/profiles/Nigeria-profile-2013.pdf. Accessed April 5, 2023.
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7.
World Health Organization , 2009. Methods for Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Efficacy. Available at: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/publications/gmp/methods-for-surveillance-of-antimalarial-drug-efficacy.pdf?sfvrsn=29076702_2. Accessed March 30, 2023.
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8.
Harris PA , Taylor R , Thielke R , Payne J , Gonzalez N , Conde JG , 2009. Research electronic data capture (REDCap): a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform 42: 377–381.
-
9.
Singh B , Cox-Singh J , Miller AO , Abdullah MS , Snounou G , Rahman HA , 1996. Detection of malaria in Malaysia by nested polymerase chain reaction amplification of dried blood spots on filter papers. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90: 519–521.
-
10.
World Health Organization , 2021. Tools for Monitoring Antimalarial Drug Efficacy. Global Malaria Programme. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. Available at: https://www.who.int/teams/global-malaria-programme/case-management/drug-efficacy-and-resistance/tools-for-monitoring-antimalarial-drug-efficacy. Accessed April 12, 2023.
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Design, Implementation, and Coordination of Malaria Therapeutic Efficacy Studies in Nigeria in 2018
Adeola Yetunde Olukosi
Adeola Yetunde Olukosi
Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria;
EKO University of Medical and Health Sciences, Lagos, Nigeria;
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EKO University of Medical and Health Sciences, Lagos, Nigeria;
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Adesola Zaidat Musa
Adesola Zaidat Musa
Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria;
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Nnenna Ogbulafor
Nnenna Ogbulafor
National Malaria Elimination Program, Abuja, Nigeria;
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Oluwagbemiga Aina
Oluwagbemiga Aina
Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria;
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Olugbenga Mokuolu
Olugbenga Mokuolu
University of Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria;
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Stephen Oguche
Stephen Oguche
University of Jos, Plateau, Nigeria;
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Robinson Wammanda
Robinson Wammanda
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria;
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Henrietta Okafor
Henrietta Okafor
University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria;
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Sabdat Ozichu Ekama
Sabdat Ozichu Ekama
Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria;
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Agatha Nkiru David
Agatha Nkiru David
Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria;
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Christian Tientcha Happi
Christian Tientcha Happi
Redeemer’s University Ede, Osun, Nigeria;
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Lynda Ozor
Lynda Ozor
WHO, Abuja, Nigeria
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Seye Babatunde
Seye Babatunde
WHO, Abuja, Nigeria
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Simon N. Ijezie
Simon N. Ijezie
National Malaria Elimination Program, Abuja, Nigeria;
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Perpetua E. Uhomoibhi
Perpetua E. Uhomoibhi
National Malaria Elimination Program, Abuja, Nigeria;
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Samson Taiwo Awolola
Samson Taiwo Awolola
Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria;
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Audu Bala Mohammed
Audu Bala Mohammed
National Malaria Elimination Program, Abuja, Nigeria;
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Babatunde Lawal Salako
Babatunde Lawal Salako
Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria;
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ABSTRACT.
Prior to 2018, malaria therapeutic efficacy studies (TESs) in Nigeria were implemented separately at different sites, as assigned by the National Malaria Elimination Program (NMEP). In 2018, however, the NMEP engaged the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research to coordinate the 2018 TESs in 3 of 14 sentinel sites with the objective of standardizing their conduct across all three sites: Enugu, Kano, and Plateau states in three of six geopolitical zones. Artemether–lumefantrine and artesunate–amodiaquine, the two first-line drugs for treatment of acute uncomplicated malaria in Nigeria, were tested in both Kano and Plateau states. In Enugu State, however, artemether–lumefantrine and dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine were the test drugs, with dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine being tested for potential inclusion in Nigerian treatment policy. The TES was conducted in 6-month to 8-year-old children and was funded by the Global Fund with additional support from the WHO. A multipartite core team comprised of the NMEP, the WHO, the U.S. Presidential Malaria Initiative, academia, and the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research was set up to oversee the execution of the 2018 TES. This communication reports best practices adopted to guide its coordination, and lessons learned during in the process, including applying developed standard operating procedures, powering the sample size adequately for each site to report independently, training the investigating team for fieldwork, facilitating stratification of decisions, determining efficiencies derived from monitoring and quality assessment, and optimizing logistics. The planning and coordination of the 2018 TES activities is a model of a consultative process for the sustainability of antimalarial resistance surveillance in Nigeria.
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Author Notes
Financial support: Support for this work was provided by the
Disclosure: The study protocol was approved by the Nigerian National Health Research Ethics Committee (NHREC). Additional ethical clearance was obtained from the PI’s host institutional review committees; social approvals were obtained from the states. Written informed consent was obtained from the parents and guardians of enlisted participants, and were also obtained 7- and 8-year-old children. All core team members, monitors, and investigators in the TES were required to take the online course, Protection of Human Research Participants, and submit a clearance certificate to the TES director at the NIMR. This also formed part of the documents and requirements for ethical approval at the NHREC.
Authors’ addresses: Adeola Yetunde Olukosi, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria, and EKO University of Medical and Health Sciences, Lagos, Nigeria, E-mail: yaolukosi@nimr.gov.ng. Adesola Zaidat Musa, Oluwagbemiga Aina, Sabdat Ozichu Ekama, Agatha Nkiru David, Samson Taiwo Awolola, and Babatunde Lawal Salako, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria, E-mails: sola_dele@yahoo.com, gbengaaina2003@yahoo.com, sabdatekama@gmail.com, nkiru_d@yahoo.com, awololas@hotmail.com, and tundesalako@hotmail.com. Nnenna Ogbulafor, Simon N. Ijezie, Perpetua E. Uhomoibhi, and Audu Bala Mohammed, National Malaria Elimination Program, Abuja, Nigeria, E-mails: nnennanco@yahoo.com, ijeziensimon@gmail.com, puhomoibhi@yahoo.com, and balamohd1988@gmail.com. Olugbenga Mokuolu, University of Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria, E-mail: mokuolu@gmail.com. Stephen Oguche, University of Jos, Plateau, Nigeria, E-mail: soguche2001@yahoo.com. Robinson Wammanda, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, E-mail: wammanda@yahoo.com. Henrietta Okafor, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, E-mail: huche57@yahoo.com. Christian Tientcha Happi, Redeemer’s University Ede, Osun, Nigeria, E-mail: happic@run.edu.ng. Lynda Ozor and Seye Babatunde, WHO, Abuja, Nigeria, E-mails: ozorl@who.int and babatundeo@who.int.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Organization , 2018. The World Malaria Report 2018. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565653. Accessed April 12, 2023.
-
2.
World Health Organization , 2020. World Malaria Report 2020. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. Available at: https://www.who.int/multi-media/details/world-malaria-report-2020. Accessed April 12, 2023.
-
3.
World Health Organization , 2017. High burden to high impact: a targeted malaria response. RBM Partnership to End Malaria: Global Malaria Programme. ISBN 978-92-4-156552-3.
-
4.
World Malaria Report RP to EM , 2017. High burden to high impact: a targeted malaria response. Ecos.
-
5.
Oguche S et al., 2014. Efficacy of artemisinin-based combination treatments of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in under-five-year-old Nigerian children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 91: 925–935.
-
6.
Snow R et al., 2013. A Description of the Epidemiology of Malaria to Guide the Planning of Control in Nigeria. Available at: https://www.linkmalaria.org/sites/www.linkmalaria.org/files/content/country/profiles/Nigeria-profile-2013.pdf. Accessed April 5, 2023.
-
7.
World Health Organization , 2009. Methods for Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Efficacy. Available at: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/publications/gmp/methods-for-surveillance-of-antimalarial-drug-efficacy.pdf?sfvrsn=29076702_2. Accessed March 30, 2023.
-
8.
Harris PA , Taylor R , Thielke R , Payne J , Gonzalez N , Conde JG , 2009. Research electronic data capture (REDCap): a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform 42: 377–381.
-
9.
Singh B , Cox-Singh J , Miller AO , Abdullah MS , Snounou G , Rahman HA , 1996. Detection of malaria in Malaysia by nested polymerase chain reaction amplification of dried blood spots on filter papers. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90: 519–521.
-
10.
World Health Organization , 2021. Tools for Monitoring Antimalarial Drug Efficacy. Global Malaria Programme. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. Available at: https://www.who.int/teams/global-malaria-programme/case-management/drug-efficacy-and-resistance/tools-for-monitoring-antimalarial-drug-efficacy. Accessed April 12, 2023.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 99 | 99 | 0 |
| Full Text Views | 1377 | 1377 | 87 |
| PDF Downloads | 472 | 472 | 51 |