Silva CE , Valeriano CAT , Ferraz CE , Neves RP , Oliveira MME , Silva JCAL , Magalhães V , Lima-Neto RG , 2021. Epidemiological features and geographical expansion of sporotrichosis in the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Future Microbiol 16: 1371–1379.
Almeida-Paes R , Oliveira MME , Freitas DFS , Valle ACF , Zancopé-Oliveira RM , Gutierrez-Galhardo MC , 2014. Sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Sporothrix brasiliensis is associated with atypical clinical presentations. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3094.
Gremião ID , Miranda LH , Reis EG , Rodrigues AM , Pereira SA , 2017. Zoonotic epidemic of sporotrichosis: cat to human transmission. PLoS Pathog 13: 2–8.
Valeriano CAT , Ferraz CE , Oliveira MME , Inácio CP , Oliveira EP , Lacerda AM , Neves RP , Lima-Neto RG , 2020. Cat-transmitted disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis in a new endemic area: case series in the northeast of Brazil. JAAD Case Rep 6: 988–992.
Arenas R , Sánchez-Cardenas CD , Ramirez-Hobak L , Arriaga LFR , Memije MEV , 2018. Sporotrichosis: from KOH to molecular biology. J Fungi (Basel) 4: 1–10.
Queiroz-Telles F , Bonifaz A , Cognialli R , Lustosa BPR , Vicente VA , Ramírez-Marín HA , 2022. Sporotrichosis in children: case series and narrative review. Curr Fungal Infect Rep 16: 33–46.
Ramírez-Soto MC , Tirado-Sánchez A , Bonifaz A , 2021. Ocular sporotrichosis. J Fungi (Basel) 7: 1–20.
Lyra MR , Sokoloski V , de Macedo PM , Azevedo ACP , 2021. Sporotrichosis refractory to conventional treatment: therapeutic success with potassium iodide. An Bras Dermatol 96: 231–233.
Lacerda Filho AM , Cavalcante CM , da Silva AB , Inácio CP , Lima-Neto RG , de Andrade M , Magalhães O , dos Santos F , Neves RP , 2019. High-virulence cat-transmitted ocular sporotrichosis. Mycopathologia 184: 547–549.
CLSI , 2008. Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Of Filamentous Fungi: Approved Standard – Second Edition. CLSI document M38-A2. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
Lima IMF , Ferraz CE , Lima-Neto RG , Takano DM , 2020. Case report: sweet syndrome in patients with sporotrichosis: a 10-case series. Am J Trop Med Hyg 103: 2533–2538.
de Abreu Ribeiro AS , Bisol T , Menezes MS , 2010. Síndrome oculoglandular de Parinaud causada por esporotricose. Rev Bras Oftalmol 69: 317–322.
Ferreira CP , Nery JA , de Almeida AC , Ferreira LC , Corte-Real S , Conceição-Silva F , 2014. Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome associated with Sporothrix schenckii. IDCases 1: 38–39.
Madureira LS , Gatti RF , Prohmann CM , Sanmiguel J , de Almeida MTG , Mattar FRO , Antonio JR , 2018. Síndrome oculoglandular de Parinaud causada por Sporothrix schenckii. Rev SPDV 76: 429–433.
Ramírez-Oliveros JF , Schechtman RC , de Vries HJ , Lora L , Arinelli AC , Nery JAC , Freitas DFS , 2021. Ocular adnexal sporotrichosis: a case series. JAAD Case Rep 13: 52–56.
Ribeiro CR , Silva BP , Almeida-Costa AA , Neto AB , Vieira LA , Lima MA , Lima M , 2020. Ocular sporotrichosis. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 19: 100865.
Yamagata J , Rudolph FB , Nobre M , Nascimento LV , Sampaio F , Arinelli A , Freitas DF , 2017. Ocular sporotrichosis: a frequently misdiagnosed cause of granulomatous conjunctivitis in epidemic areas. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 8: 35–38.
Arinelli A , Aleixo A , Freitas D , do Valle A , Almeida-Paes R , Nobre Guimarães AL , Oliveira R , Gutierrez-Galhardo MC , Curi A , 2022. Ocular manifestations of sporotrichosis in a hyperendemic region in Brazil: description of a series of 120 cases. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 31: 329–337.
Poester VR , Mattei AS , Madrid IM , Pereira J , Klafke GB , Sanchotene KO , Brandolt TM , Xavier MO , 2018. Sporotrichosis in Southern Brazil, towards an epidemic? Zoonoses Public Health 65: 815–821.
de Oliveira Bento A , de Sena Costa AS , Lima SL , do Monte Alves M , de Azevedo Melo AS , Rodrigues AM , da Silva-Rocha WP , Milan EP , Chaves GM , 2021. The spread of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis due to Sporothrix brasiliensis in Brazil towards the Northeast region. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 15: e0009693.
Paiva MT et al., 2020. Spatial association between sporotrichosis in cats and in human during a Brazilian epidemics. Prev Vet Med 183: 105125.
Schubach A et al., 2005. Primary conjunctival sporotrichosis: two cases from a zoonotic epidemic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cornea 24: 491–493.
Aidar MN , Rebeschini BM , Mata C , Borges TC , Araújo M , 2022. The importance of considering the possibility of ocular sporotrichosis in areas with high incidence rates of sporotrichosis. Arq Bras Oftalmol 86: 1–4.
Gameiro Filho AR , Estacia CT , Gameiro RR , de Mattos Fonseca Vieira L , Socci da Costa D , 2020. Ocular and cutaneous sporotrichosis. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 20: 100885.
Galindo-Bocero J , Sánchez-García S , Álvarez-Coronado M , Rozas-Reyes P , 2017. Síndrome oculoglandular de Parinaud: a propósito de un caso. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 92: 37–39.
Freitas DF , Lima IA , Curi CL , Jordão L , Zancopé-Oliveira RM , Valle AC , Galhardo MC , Curi AL , 2014. Acute dacryocystitis: another clinical manifestation of sporotrichosis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 109: 262–264.
de Macedo PM , Sztajnbok DC , Camargo ZP , Rodrigues AM , Lopes-Bezerra LM , Bernardes-Engemann AR , Orofino-Costa R , 2015. Dacryocystitis due to Sporothrix brasiliensis: a case report of a successful clinical and serological outcome with low-dose potassium iodide treatment and oculoplastic surgery. Br J Dermatol 172: 1116–1119.
Orofino-Costa R , Macedo PM , Rodrigues AM , Bernardes-Engemann AR , 2017. Sporotrichosis: an update on epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, laboratory and clinical therapeutics. An Bras Dermatol 92: 606–620.
Orofino-Costa R , Bóia MN , Magalhães GA , Damasco PS , Bernardes-Engemann AR , Benvenuto F , Silva IC , Lopes-Bezerra LM , 2010. Arthritis as a hypersensitivity reaction in a case of sporotrichosis transmitted by a sick cat: clinical and serological follow up of 13 months. Mycoses 53: 81–83.
Zhang M , Li F , Li R , Gong J , Zhao F , 2019. Fast diagnosis of sporotrichosis caused by sporothrix globosa, Sporothrix schenckii, and Sporothrix brasiliensis based on multiplex real-time PCR. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 13: e0007219.
Zhang YQ , Xu XG , Zhang M , Jiang P , Zhou XY , Li ZZ , Zhang MF , 2011. Sporotrichosis: clinical and histopathological manifestations. Am J Dermatopathol 33: 296–302.
Rodrigues AM , de Hoog GS , de Camargo ZP , 2015. Molecular diagnosis of pathogenic Sporothrix species. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0004190.
Rodrigues AM , de Hoog GS , de Camargo ZP , 2016. Sporothrix species causing outbreaks in animals and humans driven by animal–animal transmission. PLoS Pathog 12: e1005638.
Liborio Neto AO , Caetano TR , Gervasio NHP , Carneiro RC , 2019. Conjunctival and bulbar sporotrichosis as Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome acquired by blood inoculation. GMS Ophthalmol Cases 11: Doc02.
Ramírez-Soto MC , 2015. Sporotrichosis: the story of an endemic region in Peru over 28 years (1985 to 2012). PLoS One 10: e0127924.
Waller SB , Dalla Lana DF , Quatrin PM , Ferreira MRA , Fuentefria AM , Mezzari A , 2021. Antifungal resistance on Sporothrix species: an overview. Braz J Microbiol 52: 73–80.
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Abstract Views | 1866 | 1866 | 99 |
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Ocular infections associated with sporotrichosis can present four clinical manifestations: granulomatous conjunctivitis, dacryocystitis, Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome, and bulbar conjunctivitis. The incidence of ocular sporotrichosis related to zoonotic transmission has significantly increased in endemic regions and is a frequently misdiagnosed cause of granulomatous conjuntivitis. Therefore, we present a series of seven cases of eye injury by Sporothrix strains, including clinical forms, therapeutic approaches, and laboratory procedures to alert health professionals who provide care to these patients.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Authors’ addresses: Francisco Silva Neto, Lauro Wanderley University Hospital, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil, and Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Inflammatory Diseases, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil, E-mail: fbsnneto@gmail.com. Camila Gadelha, Undergraduated Course in Medicine, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil, E-mail: camilalima.gadelha@gmail.com. Larissa Silva, Natália Pazos, and Felipe Guerra, Post-Graduate Program in Bioactive Synthetic Natural products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil, E-mails: larissaalvesl2210@gmail.com, natalia_dnpazos@hotmail.com, and fqsg@academico.ufpb.br. Alan Silva and Ana Carolina Dulgheroff, Technical Health School, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil, E-mails: alanfrazao21@gmail.com and acbd@academico.ufpb.br. Mayara Silva and Bruna Sousa, Post-Graduate Program in Fungal Biology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil, E-mails: mayara.bsilva@ufpe.br and brunasousa14@hotmail.com. Vera da Silveira, Department of Tropical Medicine, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil, E-mail: vemagalhaes@uol.com.br. Manoel Oliveira, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, E-mail: manoel.marques@ioc.fiocruz.br. Reginaldo Lima Neto, Post-Graduate Program in Fungal Biology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil, and Department of Tropical Medicine, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. E-mail: reginaldo.limant@ufpe.br.
Silva CE , Valeriano CAT , Ferraz CE , Neves RP , Oliveira MME , Silva JCAL , Magalhães V , Lima-Neto RG , 2021. Epidemiological features and geographical expansion of sporotrichosis in the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Future Microbiol 16: 1371–1379.
Almeida-Paes R , Oliveira MME , Freitas DFS , Valle ACF , Zancopé-Oliveira RM , Gutierrez-Galhardo MC , 2014. Sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Sporothrix brasiliensis is associated with atypical clinical presentations. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3094.
Gremião ID , Miranda LH , Reis EG , Rodrigues AM , Pereira SA , 2017. Zoonotic epidemic of sporotrichosis: cat to human transmission. PLoS Pathog 13: 2–8.
Valeriano CAT , Ferraz CE , Oliveira MME , Inácio CP , Oliveira EP , Lacerda AM , Neves RP , Lima-Neto RG , 2020. Cat-transmitted disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis in a new endemic area: case series in the northeast of Brazil. JAAD Case Rep 6: 988–992.
Arenas R , Sánchez-Cardenas CD , Ramirez-Hobak L , Arriaga LFR , Memije MEV , 2018. Sporotrichosis: from KOH to molecular biology. J Fungi (Basel) 4: 1–10.
Queiroz-Telles F , Bonifaz A , Cognialli R , Lustosa BPR , Vicente VA , Ramírez-Marín HA , 2022. Sporotrichosis in children: case series and narrative review. Curr Fungal Infect Rep 16: 33–46.
Ramírez-Soto MC , Tirado-Sánchez A , Bonifaz A , 2021. Ocular sporotrichosis. J Fungi (Basel) 7: 1–20.
Lyra MR , Sokoloski V , de Macedo PM , Azevedo ACP , 2021. Sporotrichosis refractory to conventional treatment: therapeutic success with potassium iodide. An Bras Dermatol 96: 231–233.
Lacerda Filho AM , Cavalcante CM , da Silva AB , Inácio CP , Lima-Neto RG , de Andrade M , Magalhães O , dos Santos F , Neves RP , 2019. High-virulence cat-transmitted ocular sporotrichosis. Mycopathologia 184: 547–549.
CLSI , 2008. Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Of Filamentous Fungi: Approved Standard – Second Edition. CLSI document M38-A2. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
Lima IMF , Ferraz CE , Lima-Neto RG , Takano DM , 2020. Case report: sweet syndrome in patients with sporotrichosis: a 10-case series. Am J Trop Med Hyg 103: 2533–2538.
de Abreu Ribeiro AS , Bisol T , Menezes MS , 2010. Síndrome oculoglandular de Parinaud causada por esporotricose. Rev Bras Oftalmol 69: 317–322.
Ferreira CP , Nery JA , de Almeida AC , Ferreira LC , Corte-Real S , Conceição-Silva F , 2014. Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome associated with Sporothrix schenckii. IDCases 1: 38–39.
Madureira LS , Gatti RF , Prohmann CM , Sanmiguel J , de Almeida MTG , Mattar FRO , Antonio JR , 2018. Síndrome oculoglandular de Parinaud causada por Sporothrix schenckii. Rev SPDV 76: 429–433.
Ramírez-Oliveros JF , Schechtman RC , de Vries HJ , Lora L , Arinelli AC , Nery JAC , Freitas DFS , 2021. Ocular adnexal sporotrichosis: a case series. JAAD Case Rep 13: 52–56.
Ribeiro CR , Silva BP , Almeida-Costa AA , Neto AB , Vieira LA , Lima MA , Lima M , 2020. Ocular sporotrichosis. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 19: 100865.
Yamagata J , Rudolph FB , Nobre M , Nascimento LV , Sampaio F , Arinelli A , Freitas DF , 2017. Ocular sporotrichosis: a frequently misdiagnosed cause of granulomatous conjunctivitis in epidemic areas. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 8: 35–38.
Arinelli A , Aleixo A , Freitas D , do Valle A , Almeida-Paes R , Nobre Guimarães AL , Oliveira R , Gutierrez-Galhardo MC , Curi A , 2022. Ocular manifestations of sporotrichosis in a hyperendemic region in Brazil: description of a series of 120 cases. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 31: 329–337.
Poester VR , Mattei AS , Madrid IM , Pereira J , Klafke GB , Sanchotene KO , Brandolt TM , Xavier MO , 2018. Sporotrichosis in Southern Brazil, towards an epidemic? Zoonoses Public Health 65: 815–821.
de Oliveira Bento A , de Sena Costa AS , Lima SL , do Monte Alves M , de Azevedo Melo AS , Rodrigues AM , da Silva-Rocha WP , Milan EP , Chaves GM , 2021. The spread of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis due to Sporothrix brasiliensis in Brazil towards the Northeast region. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 15: e0009693.
Paiva MT et al., 2020. Spatial association between sporotrichosis in cats and in human during a Brazilian epidemics. Prev Vet Med 183: 105125.
Schubach A et al., 2005. Primary conjunctival sporotrichosis: two cases from a zoonotic epidemic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cornea 24: 491–493.
Aidar MN , Rebeschini BM , Mata C , Borges TC , Araújo M , 2022. The importance of considering the possibility of ocular sporotrichosis in areas with high incidence rates of sporotrichosis. Arq Bras Oftalmol 86: 1–4.
Gameiro Filho AR , Estacia CT , Gameiro RR , de Mattos Fonseca Vieira L , Socci da Costa D , 2020. Ocular and cutaneous sporotrichosis. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 20: 100885.
Galindo-Bocero J , Sánchez-García S , Álvarez-Coronado M , Rozas-Reyes P , 2017. Síndrome oculoglandular de Parinaud: a propósito de un caso. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 92: 37–39.
Freitas DF , Lima IA , Curi CL , Jordão L , Zancopé-Oliveira RM , Valle AC , Galhardo MC , Curi AL , 2014. Acute dacryocystitis: another clinical manifestation of sporotrichosis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 109: 262–264.
de Macedo PM , Sztajnbok DC , Camargo ZP , Rodrigues AM , Lopes-Bezerra LM , Bernardes-Engemann AR , Orofino-Costa R , 2015. Dacryocystitis due to Sporothrix brasiliensis: a case report of a successful clinical and serological outcome with low-dose potassium iodide treatment and oculoplastic surgery. Br J Dermatol 172: 1116–1119.
Orofino-Costa R , Macedo PM , Rodrigues AM , Bernardes-Engemann AR , 2017. Sporotrichosis: an update on epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, laboratory and clinical therapeutics. An Bras Dermatol 92: 606–620.
Orofino-Costa R , Bóia MN , Magalhães GA , Damasco PS , Bernardes-Engemann AR , Benvenuto F , Silva IC , Lopes-Bezerra LM , 2010. Arthritis as a hypersensitivity reaction in a case of sporotrichosis transmitted by a sick cat: clinical and serological follow up of 13 months. Mycoses 53: 81–83.
Zhang M , Li F , Li R , Gong J , Zhao F , 2019. Fast diagnosis of sporotrichosis caused by sporothrix globosa, Sporothrix schenckii, and Sporothrix brasiliensis based on multiplex real-time PCR. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 13: e0007219.
Zhang YQ , Xu XG , Zhang M , Jiang P , Zhou XY , Li ZZ , Zhang MF , 2011. Sporotrichosis: clinical and histopathological manifestations. Am J Dermatopathol 33: 296–302.
Rodrigues AM , de Hoog GS , de Camargo ZP , 2015. Molecular diagnosis of pathogenic Sporothrix species. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0004190.
Rodrigues AM , de Hoog GS , de Camargo ZP , 2016. Sporothrix species causing outbreaks in animals and humans driven by animal–animal transmission. PLoS Pathog 12: e1005638.
Liborio Neto AO , Caetano TR , Gervasio NHP , Carneiro RC , 2019. Conjunctival and bulbar sporotrichosis as Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome acquired by blood inoculation. GMS Ophthalmol Cases 11: Doc02.
Ramírez-Soto MC , 2015. Sporotrichosis: the story of an endemic region in Peru over 28 years (1985 to 2012). PLoS One 10: e0127924.
Waller SB , Dalla Lana DF , Quatrin PM , Ferreira MRA , Fuentefria AM , Mezzari A , 2021. Antifungal resistance on Sporothrix species: an overview. Braz J Microbiol 52: 73–80.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 1866 | 1866 | 99 |
Full Text Views | 189 | 189 | 5 |
PDF Downloads | 71 | 71 | 5 |