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This study highlights the development of two lateral flow recombinase polymerase amplification assays for the diagnosis of human malaria. The lateral flow cassettes contained test lines that captured biotin-, 6-carboxyfluorescein, digoxigenin-, cyanine 5-, and dinitrophenyl-labeled amplicons. The overall process can be completed in 30 minutes. Recombinase polymerase amplification coupled with lateral flow had a detection limit of 1 copy/µL for Plasmodium knowlesi, Plasmodium vivax, and Plasmodium falciparum. No cross-reactivity was observed among nonhuman malaria parasites such as Plasmodium coatneyi, Plasmodium cynomolgi, Plasmodium brasilanium, Plasmodium inui, Plasmodium fragile, Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis spp., Brugia spp., and 20 healthy donors. It is rapid, highly sensitive, robust, and easy to use. The result can be read without the need for special equipment and thus has the potential to serve as an effective alternative to polymerase chain reaction methods for the diagnosis of malaria.
Authors’ addresses: Meng Yee Lai and Yee Ling Lau, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, E-mails: mengylai11@um.edu.my and lauyeeling@um.edu.my. Mohd Abdul Hamid, Jenaurn Jelip, and Rose Nani Mudin, Vector Borne Disease Sector, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia, E-mails: dr.mhafizi@moh.gov.my, jenarun@moh.gov.my, and drrose@moh.gov.my.